36.Jürgen Habermas, Postmetaphysical Thinking: Philosophical Essays, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 1992, p. xv.
37.Jürgen Habermas, Between Naturalism and Religion, Cambridge: Polity Press, 2008, p. 29.
38.Jürgen Habermas, Philosophical Essays, trans. Ciaran Cronin, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2008. And Postmetaphysical Thinking.
39.Jürgen Habermas, An Awareness of What Is Missing: Faith and Reason in a Post-secular Age, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press, 2010, p. 211.
40.Habermas, Awareness of What Is Missing, p. 142.
41.Ibid., pp. 139–40.
42.Ibid., p. 37.
43.Alain de Botton, Religion for Atheists: A Non-believer’s Guide to the Uses of Religion, London: Hamish Hamilton, 2012, p. 44 and passim.
CONCLUSION: THE CENTRAL SANE ACTIVITY
1.Salman Rushdie, Joseph Anton, London: Jonathan Cape, 2012, p. 476.
2.Harold Bloom, The Anatomy of Influence: Literature as a Way of Life, New Haven and London (2011). Robert Bellah et al., Habits of the Heart: Individual and Commitment in American Life, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press (1985). Richard Sennett, The Fall of Public Man (2002), Respect (2003), Craftsmanship (2008) and Together: The Rituals, Pleasures and Politics of Cooperation (2012), all London and New York: Allen Lane, Penguin Press. Alan Dershowitz, Rights from Wrongs: A Secular Theory of the Origin of Rights, New York: Basic Books, 2004.
3.George Levine (ed.), The Joy of Secularism: Eleven Essays for How We Live Now, Princeton and London: Princeton University Press, 2011, p. 4.
4.John Gray, Straw Dogs: Thoughts on Humans and Other Animals, London: Granta Books, 2002, p. 74.
5.Gordon Graham, The Re-enchantment of the World: Art versus Religion, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007, pp. 82–85. Simon Blackburn, Think: A Compelling Introduction to Philosophy, Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 1999, p. 298.
6.Christopher Hitchens, God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything, New York: Twelve, 2007.
7.Gray, op. cit., p. 43.
8.Jonathan Lear, Happiness, Death and the Remainder of Life, Cambridge, MA, and London: Harvard University Press, 2000, p. 138.
9.Cynthia Ozick, The Din in Our Head, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2006, ch. 14.
10.Seamus Heaney, The Government of the Tongue, London: Faber and Faber, 1988, p. 189.
11.Rebecca Stott, “The Webfooted Understorey: Darwinian Immersions,” in Levine (ed.), The Joy of Secularism, pp. 216–21.
12.Gray, op. cit., p. 198.
13.Richard Kearney, Anatheism (Returning to God After God), New York: Columbia University Press, 2010, pp. 73, 80, 180.
Index
absolute/Absolute, 72, 274, 338, 456. See also specific person’s views
Abstract Expressionism, 394, 395, 397–400, 402
action:
Abstract Expressionism and, 399
beliefs as rules for, 57
change and, 400
existentialists and, 340
political, 439–40
Adler, Viktor, 33, 241, 352, 370, 371, 438–39
Adorno, Theodor, 144, 372, 378–79
aesthetics: counterculture and, 425–27
affluence, 239, 243, 255, 432–33
afterlife, 178, 225, 229–30, 274, 277, 283, 316–17, 318–19, 472, 484, 550
agape (law of love), 367, 527–28n
Agassiz Club. See Metaphysical Club “Saturday Club”
Aiken, Conrad, 66
Alexander, Eben, 11, 553
alienation, 97, 202–3, 365, 442, 451, 499
Allen, Frederick Lewis, 241
Altizer, Thomas, 383–84
altruism, 82, 276, 477
American Foundation of Religion and Psychiatry (AFRP), 360, 362
American Society for Psychical Research, 178
“the American way,” 363
analysis, 76, 278, 543
anarchy, 207, 211, 250, 251
Anderson, Sherwood, 238–39, 240, 241, 242, 243, 543
Andre, Carl, 391, 392
Andreas, Friedrich Carl, 227
Andreas-Salomé, Lou, 227, 436
androgynous man, 268
Anouilh, Jean, 339
anthropology, 88, 337, 412
anthroposophy, 212, 287, 318, 323
anti-Semitism. See Jews/Judaism
anxiety, 86, 87, 119, 242, 308, 436–40, 534
“The Apostles” (Cambridge Conversazione Society), 77–78
“archaic man”: Jung’s views about, 286
archetypes: Jung’s theory of, 286, 288–89, 290, 380, 419
architecture, 35–36, 38, 160, 498
Arendt, Hannah, 58n, 192, 226, 440
Aristotle, 60, 63, 214, 280, 501, 502
Arnold, Matthew, 24, 466
Aron, Raymond, 58n, 339
art/artists:
abstract, 182–83, 454
aim/purpose of, 183, 209, 236, 263, 504, 537
and art for art’s sake, 151, 153
beauty and, 456
biological origin of, 483–84
collective, 118
color in, 111, 113, 115–17, 183
counterculture and, 414
as dialogue, 456
education and, 400
as escape from time, 503–5
as existential, 75
expanded community of, 124
as experience, 400
as explaining change, 90
heroes in, 114, 116
high, 454, 456
importance of, 91, 111, 146, 152
innovation in, 111
art/artists (continued)
knowledge and, 88
language of, 118, 455
light in, 112, 113–14, 120
as making a difference, 91
meaning of, 392
minimalist, 391–93
mysticism and, 484
nature in, 121
Nazis’ looting of, 318
“new spirit” in, 122–24
phenomenology and, 73
postmodernism and, 499
progression of, 456
reality and, 124
and realms of life, 554
religion of, 142, 144–45
as replacement for religion, 450
science compared with, 455
spiritual in, 180–84
theothanatology and, 383
truth and, 456
twentieth-century, 124
See also specific person’s views or type of art
Aschheim, Steven, 24, 33, 38, 39, 48–49, 188
Ascona, Switzerland, 40–45, 46, 47, 48, 401
astrology, 287, 318, 470, 500
astronomy, 471, 512
atheism/atheists:
as alternative religion, 214–17
increase in, 21
as intellectually fulfilled, 542
militant, 7–8, 204, 215, 216, 217, 219
psychological causes of, 354–55
religious, 519, 522
retreat of, 9–10, 17
scientific, 204, 217
traditional, 336
during World War II, 219
See also specific person’s views or topic
atomic bomb, 330, 380, 381, 388, 450, 451
Auden, W. H., 83, 89, 176, 177, 291, 458, 459–60, 463, 464, 539
Augustine, Saint, 353, 536n
Auschwitz, 330, 331, 372, 374, 375, 377, 378, 379
authenticity, 365, 404, 506, 521
authority, 86, 92, 154, 239, 258, 260, 363, 365, 366, 391, 457, 476, 484
autokinesis, 179
automatic
writing, 174, 179, 198
avant-garde, 39–40, 118, 122–23, 128
Ayer, A. J., 58n, 273, 274, 275–78
Baker, Carlos, 242
Bakunin, Mikhail, 211
Balakian, Anna, 147, 148
Ball, Hugo, 47, 119
Barrès, Maurice, 189
Barth, Karl, 57n, 311, 312–13, 382, 384, 455, 473, 500, 534
Bartók, Bela, 396
Bataille, Georges, 336
Baudelaire, Charles, 71, 73, 130, 460, 536
Baumeister, Roy F., 17–18
“beat” writing, 394, 395, 397, 403–6
beauty, 112, 117, 119, 189, 456, 516, 522–24, 536, 549. See also specific person’s views
Beauvoir, Simone de, 334, 339, 340, 367
bebop, 394, 395–97, 398
Beckett, Samuel, 8, 252, 254, 293, 387–91, 406, 407, 408, 430, 537
Beethoven, Ludwig von, 144, 145
Behrens, Peter, 35–36
being/Being, 337, 350, 385, 414, 458, 536–41, 542. See also specific person’s views
Belgrad, Daniel, 394, 396
belief/beliefs:
belief in, 473, 474
“bricolage,” 499–500, 501
evidence of, 514
faith differentiated from, 514
justification of, 62
over-, 59
postmodernism and, 499–500
as public, 512–16
ready-made, 499
as rules for action, 57
therapeutic approach and, 446
trust in, 197
Vienna Circle and, 274
See also specific person’s views
Bell, Clive, 79, 80
Bell, Quentin, 191, 193
Bellah, Robert, 533
Benbassa, Esther, 373, 378, 379, 445
Benedict, Saint, 502
Benedict XVI (pope), 546
Benjamin, Walter, 233
Benn, Gottfried, 49–50, 464
Bennett, Arnold, 190, 257, 258
Berdyaev, Nikolai, 208
Bergeinsamkeit, Zarathustrian cult of, 36–38
Berger, Peter, 9–10, 13–14, 21, 445
Bergson, Henri, 75–77, 88, 95, 99, 101, 123, 124, 142, 170, 189, 426, 534
Berlin, Normand, 253, 254
Berry, Philippa, 499
Bertram, Ernst, 150–51
Beveridge Report (1942), 333
“big crunch,” 493
biology, 161, 272, 472, 481, 483–85, 488. See also evolution
biophilia, 479, 482–83
Bishop, Elizabeth, 551–52
Bishop, John Peale, 240, 241
Bismarck, Otto von, 333
black magic, 169
Black Mountain College, 394, 400, 401, 402, 403
Blackburn, Simon, 539
Blake, William, 128, 422, 455, 465
“blank spots”: humanitarian disasters as creating, 449
Blavatsky, Madame Helen, 167–69, 181, 182, 183, 280
“blood flag,” Nazi, 321
“blood and soil” concept, 313, 317, 319, 323
Bloom, Harold, 293, 406–7, 408, 465, 515, 533
Bloomsbury Group, 78–79, 80, 82–83, 193
Blunden, Edmund, 195–96
body, 268, 340–41, 387, 394, 395–97, 398, 400–402, 404, 414. See also mind-body
Boehme, Jacob, 169
Boethius, 295
Bogdanov, Aleksandr, 205, 206, 208–9, 210, 213
bohemia, 394, 416, 450
Bohlmann, Otto, 163–64
Bohr, Niels, 58n, 545
Bolsheviks:
Nietzsche’s influence on, 205–14
in Russia, 200–219, 541n
See also communism; Marxism; specific person’s views
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 131, 311, 382, 383, 385, 386
Boutroux, Émile, 142–43
brain: size of, 517
Brâncuşi, Constantin, 183, 184
Braque, Georges, 111
Brecht, Bertolt, 422
Brentano, Franz, 72
Breton, André, 198
Breuer, Josef, 59
“bricolage” beliefs, 499–500, 501
Brodsky, Joseph, 449, 459
Brooke, Rupert, 77, 189–90, 195
Brooks, Van Wyck, 66, 165, 239
Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 128
Buber, Martin, 311
Buchan, John, 189
Buckley, Jerome, 93
Buddha/Buddhism, 42, 58, 390, 395, 412, 414, 516. See also Zen Buddhism
Bukharin, Nikolai, 212
bullfighting: Hemingway’s comparison of church ritual and, 242
Bultmann, Rudolf, 58n, 311, 312
Butler, Christopher, 264
Byron, Lord, 92, 211
Cage, John, 394, 400, 401
Calder, John, 387, 390
“the calling”: Weber’s views about, 259–60
Calvin, John, 353, 474
Calvinism, 259–60, 357, 359
Cambridge Conversazione Society “the Apostles,” 77–78, 303
Camus, Albert, 329–30, 331, 339, 349
capitalism:
counterculture and, 410
existentialists and, 336
happiness and, 433, 436
impact of financial crisis of 2008 on, 19
Marx-Engels’s views about, 499
materialism and, 250
as Musil’s “normal” condition, 235–36
Nietzschean Marxists and, 38
postmodernism and, 499
science and, 540
socialism as replacement for, 137
and things we want next, 20
World War I and, 193, 332
See also specific person’s views
Capra, Fritjof, 490
“cargo of life”: Nietzsche’s views about, 25
caring:
as layer of ethics, 516
for the world, 224, 225, 227, 487
Carnap, Rudolf, 273, 274
Carson, Rachel, 485
Castaneda, Carlos, 417
Catholics/Catholicism, 119, 132, 142, 180, 310, 314–20, 322, 324, 325, 366, 383
certainty/uncertainty, 17, 62, 413, 446, 456. See also specific person’s views
Cézanne, Paul, 50, 71, 73–74, 111, 115, 130, 181, 229, 550
Chadwick, Owen, 27, 29
Chagall, Marc, 111
Chamberlain, Houston Stewart, 316, 319
chance, 118, 119, 138–39, 509, 534
change:
art as means to explain, 90
Expressionism and, 119
Futurists and, 210
in late nineteenth century, 110
life as, 95
in modern society, 428–29
postmodernism and, 499
pragmatism and, 95
resistance as means of, 400
technological/innovative, 110
theothanatology and, 383
See also specific person’s views
chaos, 120, 146, 199, 498. See also specific person’s views
charisma, 14, 15, 178, 258
Chekhov, Anton, 97, 105–9, 265, 536
chemistry: physics links with, 542, 545
Chesterton, G. K., 19n, 165, 190
chicken experiment, Thorndike’s, 56–57
child-man: and “new spirit” in art, 123
children:
as battleground of instinct, 118
Beckett’s views about, 390
Freud’s views about, 86, 118, 282, 284, 356
happiness and, 436, 443
Hor
ney’s views about, 359
and “new spirit” in art, 123, 124
Russell’s views about, 308
science education for, 541
sex and, 284, 308, 356, 357
sin and, 356
Spock’s views about, 356–57
teaching a belief system to, 474
therapy for, 443
See also parent-child relationship
Chinese: Malraux’s comments about, 340
choice, 513, 516, 521, 538
choreosophy, 48
Christians/Christianity:
Bolshevik crusade and, 204
communism and, 214
as community, 202
“counterfeit,” 500
decline of, 319
“discursive,” 28
happiness of, 15
health of, 15
Nazis and, 311–12, 313–15, 322, 324–25
“New Age” and, 500
occult and, 167, 180
Positive, 314–15
postmodernism and, 498, 500
shadow culture and, 179
as “slave morality,” 204, 209
theosophy and spiritualism as giving credibility to, 197
theothanatology and, 383–84, 385
World War I and, 188, 196
See also fundamentalism, religious; specific person’s views
church:
attendance at, 15, 16, 21
factories as substitutes for, 217–19
circle, George’s, 147, 152–60, 191–92
civil rights movement, 334, 383, 410, 421, 474
clairvoyants, 182
clay pottery, 402–3
clergy:
women as, 367
See also pastoral psychology/counseling; specific person’s views
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 93
colonialism, 37, 452
color: in art, 111, 113, 115–17, 183
comedy, 68, 70, 123, 267. See also humor
common sense, 82, 267, 274, 275, 435, 440
communism, 202, 204, 212, 214–17, 218, 307, 366, 383. See also Marxism
community:
Christianity as, 202
counterculture and, 411
expansion of art, 124
Expressionism and, 50
hope and, 547
importance of, 546, 554
Jews as transnational, 379
meaning and, 546
and Mussolini’s cult of personality, 317n
naming and, 554
Nazis and, 315
pragmatism and, 65
“total”/redemptive, 39
totemism and, 142
truth and, 547
Übermensch and, 51
Unitarians and, 324
war as restoration of, 190
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