The History of the Times
Page 95
38. Ibid., 20 February 1997.
39. Ref. 026672; The Times, 5 March 1998.
40. ‘Hopes for Hong Kong’, leading article, The Times, 30 June 1997.
41. ‘The China Trap’, leading article, The Times, 26 June 1996.
42. Rupert Murdoch to Michael Sandberg (chairman, Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank), quoted in William Shawcross, Murdoch, p. 287.
43. Daily Telegraph, 7 March 1998.
44. Guardian, 5 March 1998.
45. The Times, 6 March 1998.
46. Ibid., 27 March 1998; Charles Moore to Peter Stothard, 30 March, 31 March and 6 April 1998; John Bryant to Charles Moore, 3 April 1998, and Peter Stothard to Charles Moore, 6 April 1998, ref. 029076.
47. Free!, The Freedom Forum Online, 22 January 1998.
48. Daily Telegraph, 4 March 1998.
49. Spectator, 21 March 1998.
50. The Times, 5 March 1998.
51. Note of meeting between Jonathan Mirsky and George Brock, 10 March 1998, ref. 026672; letters to the editor, The Times, 2 April 1998.
52. Jonathan Mirsky to the author, interview, 8 September 2004.
53. The Times, 5 June 1999.
54. Daniel Finkelstein to the author, conversation, 16 July 2004.
55. The Times, 4 October 1999; Peter Stothard to the author, interview, 29 November 2004.
56. The Times, 12 June 1999.
57. Ibid., 13 July 1999.
58. ‘Bunkered down’, leading article, The Times, 15 July 1999.
59. David Mackilligan, letter to the editor, The Times, 16 July 1999.
60. The Times, 16 July 1999.
61. Ibid., 17 July 1999.
62. Ibid., 22 July 1999.
63. ‘A Single Issue’, leading article, The Times, 9 June 1999.
64. Michael Gove to the author, interview, 7 October 2004; Tim Hames to the author, interview, 12 October 2004; Peter Stothard to the author, interview, 29 November 2004; John Bryant to the author, interview, 25 January 2005.
65. The Times, 13 July 1999.
66. Ibid., 24 November 1999.
67. Ibid.
68. Lord Ashcroft to the author, interview, 18 January 2005.
69. Ibid.
70. The Times, 9 December 1999.
71. Guardian, 10 December 1999.
72. The Times, 6 June 2003.
73. Ibid., 10 August 2002; Guardian, 28 January 2002; Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 15 December 2003.
74. The Times, 26 February 2000.
75. As Roy Greenslade was quick to point out: Guardian, 3 April 2000.
76. Peter Stothard to Times staff, notes for speech, 29 March 2000, Stothard Papers.
77. ‘Mods and Rockers’, leading article, The Times, 6 July 1998.
78. The Times, 8 September 1999.
79. Ibid., 20 April 2000.
80. Ibid., 19 May 1999; Peter Oborne and Simon Walters, Alastair Campbell, p. 243.
81. David Ruddock to the author, interview, 14 October 2004.
82. The Times, 17, 19, 20 and 27 July 2000.
83. Ibid., 9 February 1999.
84. Ibid., 9 May 2001.
85. ‘In Our Time’, leading article, The Times, 5 June 2001.
86. Chris Metz, letters to the editor, The Times, 7 June 2001.
87. The Times, 7 June 2001.
88. Ibid., 8 June 2001.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: WAR IN PEACETIME (559–609)
1. Quoted in Robert W. Merry, ‘The Great Friedman-Huntington debate’, The International Economy, 22 December 2002.
2. Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order, 1998, pp. 29–35, 192–3.
3. The Times, 10 and 11 May 1994.
4. Ibid., 9 December 1997.
5. ‘A Chance for Hope’, leading article, The Times, 14 September 1993.
6. ‘The Earth Moved’, leading article, The Times, 27 July 2000.
7. The Times, 1 February 1995; Seldon, Major, pp. 526–30; Major, Autobiography, pp. 466–71.
8. Michael Gove to the author, interview, 7 October 2004.
9. The Times, 11 July 1996.
10. Ibid., 25 July 2000.
11. ‘The Peace of Paris’, leading article, The Times, 19 November 1990.
12. The Times, 23 December 1991.
13. ‘Mikhail Gorbachev’, leading article, The Times, 26 December 1991.
14. The Times, 14 September 1992.
15. ‘Forces for Peace’, leading article, The Times, 26 January 1993.
16. The Times, 17 April 1993.
17. Geoffrey Lee Williams, letters to the editor, The Times, 17 April 1993.
18. Richard Beeston to the author, interview, 10 January 2005.
19. Anthony Loyd, My War Gone By, I Miss It So, p. 115.
20. Anthony Loyd to the author, interview, 2 February 2005.
21. Anthony Loyd, My War Gone By, I Miss It So, pp. 112, 115.
22. The Times, 24 November 1993.
23. ‘Fireflies In June’, leading article, The Times, 5 June 1995.
24. The Times, 31 May 1995.
25. ‘Run Out of Town’, leading article, The Times, 12 July 1995.
26. The Times, 4 October 1995.
27. ‘Hope Hotel’, leading article, The Times, 22 November 1995.
28. ‘Bosnia, Ohio’, leading article, The Times, 24 November 1995.
29. Sam Kiley to the author, interview, 3 February 2005.
30. The Times, 26 September 1998.
31. Ibid., 14 July 1992.
32. Sam Kiley to the author, interview, 3 February 2005.
33. The Times, 22 August 1994 and 9 April 1998.
34. Ibid., 3 October 2001.
35. Ibid., 31 July 1993.
36. Ibid., 24 September 1998.
37. Ibid., 15 July 1999.
38. Ibid., 2 April 1999.
39. ‘Winging It’, leading article, The Times, 16 June 1998.
40. ‘To Will The End’, leading article, The Times, 8 April 1999.
41. See, in particular, ‘Phase Three’ and ‘Facts on the Ground’, leading articles, The Times, 5 April and 17 April 1999; the case for war was laid out in ‘War Over Kosovo’, leading article, The Times, 25 March 1999.
42. The Times, 25 March 1999.
43. Ibid., 1 April 1999.
44. Ibid.
45. ‘Give War a Chance’, leading article, The Times, 7 May 1999.
46. The Times, 1 June 1999 and 2 July 2001.
47. Ibid., 8 May 1999.
48. Ibid., 3 May 1999.
49. Ibid., 18 June 1999.
50. Ibid., 22 May 1999.
51. Ibid., 25 January 1995.
52. Ibid., 4 February 1995.
53. Ibid., 8 February 1995.
54. Anthony Loyd to the author, interview, 2 February 2005.
55. The Times, 2 November 1999.
56. Ibid., 2 February 2000.
57. Ibid., 22 December 1989.
58. Ibid., 10 May 1997.
59. Ibid., 2 October 2001.
60. Ibid., 12 September 2001.
61. ‘Still the Enemy’, leading article, The Times, 13 September 2001.
62. The Times, 14 November 2001.
63. Ibid., 12 September 2001.
64. Ibid., 14 November 2001.
65. Ibid., 9 October 2001.
66. Ibid., 8 October 2001.
67. Ibid., 19 October 2001.
68. Ibid., 12 November 2001.
69. Ibid., 14 November 2001.
70. Ibid., 15 November 2001.
71. Ibid.
72. Ibid.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: DUMBING DOWN? (PP. 610–650)
1. Matthew Parris, Chance Witness, p. 477.
2. John Grigg, The History of The Times, vol. VI: The Thomson Years, p. 579.
3. Source: MORI, 1992.
4. Author’s calculation from the raw data provided by The Times Strategic Planning Department.
5. The author would like to thank Kat Hounsell and Susannah Donnelly for help in compiling this data.
7. David Watts to the author, interview, 6 January 2005.
8. Peregrine Worsthorne, ‘Dumbing Up’, in Stephen Glover (ed.), The Penguin Book of Journalism, pp. 116–18.
9. The Times, 26 March 1957.
10. Source: Premier TGI for the British Market Research Bureau survey focusing on business readers in the A – B social grades.
11. Jonathan Mirsky to the author, interview, 8 September 2004.
12. Richard Williams to the author, interview, 12 May 2004.
13. Lord Jenkins of Hillhead to Peter Stothard, 25 September 1995, ref. 019975.
14. The Times, 4 April 1990.
15. Leon Pilpel to Simon Jenkins, 22 March 1990. ref. 13262/2.
16. William Heseltine letter, 28 July 1986, and Andrew Neil letter, 29 July 1986, The Times; Andrew Neil, Full Disclosure, pp. 195–207.
17. Henry G. Button, letters to the editor, 17 August and 8 April 1993.
18. Letters to the editor, The Times, 4, 16, 17, 22 and 23 September 1987.
19. A. D. Bowers, letters to the editor, The Times, 20 May 1981.
20. The Times, 21 March 1987.
21. Miles Kington, ‘Moreover …’, The Times, 11 January 1985; Pat Adams, letters to the editor, The Times, 18 January 1985.
22. Revd I. H. G. Graham-Orlebar, 26 April 1980 and 13 May 1980; Linnea Cliff Hodges (1 May 1990), letters to the editor, The Times.
23. J. M. Wober, ‘Top people write to The Times’, British Journalism Review, vol. 15, no. 2, 2004.
24. The Times, 13 May 1981.
25. Spectator, 3 March 1984.
26. The Times, 16 April 1988.
27. Peter Utley to Charles Wilson, 27 October 1987, Wilson Papers.
28. The Times, 24 October 1986.
29. Ibid., 10 March 1982.
30. Ibid., 1 October 1981; The Times, 2 October 2000.
31. John Higgins to Simon Jenkins, 16 May 1990, ref. 13262/3.
32. The Times, 24 September 1998.
33. Ibid., 28 March 1983; Spectator, 17 March 1984.
34. The Times, 29 November 1986.
35. Besides Coats’s boasts to Thornton, there were also various hints in the diaries of Cecil Beaton and Sir Henry ‘Chips’ Channon – the latter whom the published obituary did identify as one of Coats’s partners. Michael Thornton to Simon Jenkins, 15 August 1990, and John Higgins to Simon Jenkins, 29 August 1990, ref. 13262/3. The Times, 10 August 1990; Lady Joan Robertson’s letter in The Times, 16 August 1990.
36. The Times, 16 and 21 March 1995; Peter Stothard correspondence files, ref. 019975.
37. The Times 19 August 1983 and 6 November 2001.
38. Ian Brunskill to the author, interview, 16 November 2004.
39. For example, The Times, 30 January 1995.
40. The Times, 21 July 1990, 27 and 28 November 1991.
41. Ibid., 30 October 1995.
42. The Journalist’s Handbook, p. 36.
43. Mary Dejevsky to the author, 30 November 2004.
44. The Times, 1 January 2000.
45. Brian MacArthur, Sunday Times, 17 April 1988; Brian MacArthur, The Times, 2 July 2004.
46. Speech at the Stationers’ Livery Hall, 8 November 2004, reported in Guardian (online) 9 November 2004.
47. Daily Telegraph, 5 March 1998.
48. Peter Stothard to the author, interview, 15 November 2004.
49. Simon Jenkins to the author, interview, 20 December 2004.
50. Rupert Murdoch to the author, interview, 4 August 2003.
51. Nicholas Coleridge, Paper Tigers, p. 504.
52. Peter Chernin’s presentation to Bill O’Neill, 21 June 2002, quoted in O’Neill, Copy Out manuscript.
53. Rupert Murdoch to James Harding, Financial Times, 11 June 2002.
54. Les Hinton to the author, 23 November 2004.
55. John Walter’s appeal ‘To the Public’, Daily Universal Register, 1 January 1785.
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International Economy
Journalist
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London Sogat Post
Media Week
New Statesman
Observer
Private Eye
Quarterly of the Commonwealth
Press Union
Spectator
Sun
Sunday Telegraph
Sunday Times
Sunday Today
The Times
TNL News
Today
UK Press Gazette
Wall Street Journal
Wapping Post
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