Mary, Queen of Scots, and the Murder of Lord Darnley

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Mary, Queen of Scots, and the Murder of Lord Darnley Page 76

by Alison Weir


  Letter to the Bishop of Dumblane, in Labanoff

  CSP Spanish

  Melville

  De Silva to Philip II, 1 May 1567, CSP Spanish. De Silva had got his information from Cecil and from the messenger who brought the news to London.

  Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567, CSP Scottish; Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)

  Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567, CSP Scottish

  CSP Spanish

  Labanoff

  Ibid.

  Nau

  CSP Spanish

  Labanoff

  At this date, the word “ravish” meant “abduct” or “kidnap,” as well as “rape,” and was more commonly used in the former context; cf Moray’s Journal: “He met her upon the way, seemed to ravish her, and took Huntly and the Secretary prisoners.” The different meanings of the word have led to some confusion on the part of historians.

  Melville

  This probably refers to the Ainslie’s Tavern Bond.

  Labanoff

  CSP Scottish

  The confession is printed as an appendix to Bothwell.

  Labanoff

  State Papers in the Public Record Office; CSP Scottish

  Melville. Blackadder had been freed by the authorities after being arrested for Darnley’s murder, probably through the good offices of Bothwell.

  CSP Foreign

  Letter to Philip II, 3 May 1567, CSP Spanish

  CSP Scottish

  Acts of the Parliament of Scotland

  Bittersweet Within My Heart

  Drury to Cecil, 6 May 1567, CSP Foreign

  Drury to Cecil, 2 May 1567, ibid. Somehow, Maitland was managing to smuggle out messages to Drury.

  Melville

  CSP Foreign; CSP Scottish

  State Papers in the Public Record Office; CSP Scottish

  CSP Scottish

  Stuart: Lost Chapter. The documents relating to the case are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The Commissary Court had replaced the old Catholic Consistory Court in dealing with matrimonial causes.

  Buchanan

  Stuart: Lost Chapter

  A document purporting to be this dispensation is preserved at Dunrobin Castle in Sutherland, Jean’s home after her second marriage, but its authenticity has been questioned.

  Hosack (see Book of Articles)

  Maitland’s Narrative

  CSP Scottish

  CSP Foreign

  Drury to Cecil, 4 and 6 May 1567, CSP Foreign

  Stuart: Lost Chapter

  Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567, CSP Scottish; Grange to Bedford, 8 May 1567, ibid.; Register of the Privy Council

  He arrived there by the end of April.

  Keith

  De Silva to Philip II, 11 May 1567, CSP Spanish

  CSP Foreign; Buchanan; Book of Articles

  CSP Spanish

  De Alava to Philip II, 3 May 1567, Teulet

  State Papers in the Public Record Office

  Diurnal of Occurrents; Stuart: Lost Chapter

  Calendar of the Manuscripts at Hatfield

  De Silva to Philip II, 11 May 1567, CSP Spanish

  Ibid.

  Stuart: Lost Chapter

  Hailes Castle, which is 1.5 miles south-west of East Linton, was built before 1300 and was the original seat of the Hepburns. Now a ruin, it is one of the oldest surviving stone castles in Scotland. It was partly dismantled by Parliamentary forces in 1650, during the Civil War. The chapel dates from the 16th century.

  Stuart: Lost Chapter

  Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)

  CSP Scottish

  Diurnal of Occurrents

  Buchanan

  The Scottish Privy Council to Throckmorton, 11 July 1567, Keith

  Stuart: Lost Chapter. Jean Gordon was given valuable estates as part of her divorce settlement, and held them until her death in 1629 in the reign of Mary’s grandson, Charles I. She married secondly Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland (d. 1594), then thirdly her former suitor, Alexander Ogilvy of Boyne (Keith).

  CSP Spanish

  The Book of Articles incorrectly refers to him as the Reader of St. Giles. A reader was an unordained assistant to the Minister (Donaldson).

  Keith

  Melville

  Ibid.

  CSP Scottish

  Grange to Bedford, 8 May 1567, CSP Scottish

  Knox

  Diurnal of Occurrents

  Melville

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Stuart: Lost Chapter

  Book of Articles

  Cited by Gore-Browne

  Register of the Privy Seal

  Keith. Elizabeth’s condemnation of Grange’s letters is also mentioned by Nau.

  Anderson: Collections

  Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)

  Drury to Cecil, 20 May 1567, CSP Foreign; Keith; Anderson: Collections; Buchanan; Book of Articles

  Register of the Privy Seal; Diurnal of Occurrents. The others were James Cockburn of Langton, Patrick Hay of Whitelaw and Patrick Hepburn of Beanston. Although, strictly speaking, Bothwell should from henceforth be referred to as Orkney, for the sake of clarity I have continued to refer to him as Bothwell.

  CSP Spanish

  Keith

  CSP Foreign

  Labanoff; Goodall

  CSP Foreign

  Melville

  Cotton MSS. Caligula; Anderson: Collections; Book of Articles

  23. “WANTONS MARRY IN THE MONTH OF MAY”

  Diurnal of Occurrents; Melville. The Diurnal states that the marriage took place at “ten hours afore noon.” De Silva, who got his information from Cecil, says incorrectly that it was “at four o’clock in the morning.” (Letter to Philip II, 24 May 1567, CSP Spanish)

  Drury to Cecil, 20 May 1567, CSP Foreign

  Inventaires

  This gives the lie to de Silva, who had heard from Cecil and Leicester that “there were only three persons of rank at the marriage.”

  Diurnal of Occurrents

  Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (James Curl’s evidence, 1576)

  Inventaires

  Leslie; Keith

  Labanoff; Anderson: Collections

  Teulet; Keith

  Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 18 May 1567, Teulet; Anderson: Collections; Keith

  Keith; Melville

  CSP Spanish

  CSP Foreign

  Teulet

  Keith

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Melville

  Teulet

  Drury to Cecil, 27 May 1567, CSP Foreign

  Drury to Cecil, ibid.

  Register of the Privy Council

  Bothwell

  Teulet

  CSP Foreign

  CSP Spanish

  CSP Scottish

  Tytler: Scotland

  CSP Spanish

  Ibid.

  Melville

  CSP Foreign

  Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; Teulet

  In 16th-century usage, the word “accident” merely meant “something that happens.”

  Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; Teulet

  Teulet

  Buchanan

  CSP Venetian

  Cited by Plowden: Two Queens in One Isle

  Cited by Black: Reign of Elizabeth

  CSP Venetian

  CSP Scottish

  Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents; Keith

  Keith

  Register of the Privy Council; Wormald

  Labanoff; CSP Scottish

  Keith

  Melville. The second bond is undated but was drawn up after the Bothwell marriage.

  CSP Foreign

  Ibid.

  Letter to Cecil, 7 June 1567, ibid.

  Buc
hanan

  Leslie

  Teulet

  Gore-Browne

  Drury to Cecil, 7 June 1567, CSP Foreign

  Borthwick Castle was only slightly damaged during its bombardment by Cromwell’s forces in 1650, after which it was abandoned. It was restored in 1890 and is now one of the best preserved castles in Scotland, and remains very much as it was in Mary’s day. The castle is now a hotel, and guests may stay in the actual chambers used by Mary and Bothwell.

  Teulet; Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Foreign

  Keith

  Bothwell

  Melville

  Keith

  Nau

  Keith

  Nau; Drury to Cecil, CSP Foreign

  Drury to Cecil, CSP Foreign

  For the events at Borthwick, see the Diurnal of Occurrents, a letter from an eyewitness, John Beaton, to his brother, Archbishop Beaton, in the Sloane MSS., and the narrative of the Captain of Inchkeith, in Teulet. Estimates of the strength of the Lords’ forces vary from 7–800 to 1,000 or 1,200.

  John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.; Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish

  Bothwell

  Cited by Sitwell

  Bothwell

  Knox

  Diurnal of Occurrents; Teulet; John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.

  The window through which Mary is said to have escaped can still be seen today.

  John Beaton, in Sloane MSS. The Book of Articles states that Ormiston was one of those sent to meet Mary.

  Nau

  CSP Foreign; Teulet

  Nau

  Diurnal of Occurrents

  Melville

  Nau

  Ibid.

  John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.

  Nau

  Teulet; Diurnal of Occurrents. Nau incorrectly gives the strength of the royal forces as 4,200. Reports that the two armies were of roughly equal size are therefore incorrect.

  Cited by Antonia Fraser

  Cited by Gore-Browne

  Nau

  CSP Scottish

  For the Battle of Carberry Hill, see Bothwell; Diurnal of Occurrents ; Nau; Melville; du Croc’s account, in Teulet; Book of Articles.

  CSP Scottish. A coloured drawing of the Darnley banner is in the Public Record Office.

  Cited by Sitwell

  Cited by Prebble

  Bothwell

  Nau

  Ibid.

  Bothwell

  Nau

  Ibid.

  Melville

  Letter to Cecil, 10 June 1567, CSP Foreign

  Melville

  Nau

  Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 17 June 1567, Teulet

  Drury to Cecil, 18 June 1567, CSP Foreign

  Calderwood

  Nau

  Diurnal of Occurrents; Teulet. The Black Turnpike was demolished in 1788. An erroneous tradition claims that it was located opposite the Mercat Cross, where the offices of Edinburgh City Council now stand, but it has been established that it probably stood on the north side of the High Street, on the site of the entrance to Cockburn Street (Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, cited by Gatherer, editor of Buchanan).

  Cited by Neale

  24. “THIS TRAGEDY WILL END IN THE QUEEN’S PERSON”

  Drury to Cecil, 18 June 1567, CSP Foreign; Buchanan

  Teulet; John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.

  Nau

  Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 17 June 1567, Teulet

  Melville. In 1573, Robert Melville stated that he had refused to smuggle out a letter from Mary to Bothwell, so the Queen had burned it in anger.

  CSP Foreign

  This was also Drury’s opinion (ibid.).

  Teulet

  Melville

  Bothwell

  Diurnal of Occurrents; Nau

  Nau; Leslie

  Nau

  CSP Scottish

  Nau

  Ibid.

  Lochleven Castle is now a ruin. However, Mary’s chamber in the south-east tower and the chapel have been identified.

  Nau

  CSP Foreign

  Nau

  Cited by Brigden

  Nau; Calderwood

  CSP Scottish

  Bothwell

  Ibid.

  John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.

  CSP Scottish

  CSP Foreign

  Pitcairn; Keith

  Morton’s account was read out to the Westminster Commission on 9 December 1568. It is entitled: “The true declaration and report of me, James, Earl of Morton, how a certain silver box overgilt, containing divers missive writings, sonnets, contracts and obligations for marriage betwixt the Queen, mother to our Sovereign Lord, and James, sometime Earl of Bothwell, was found and used.” (Additional MSS., hereinafter referred to as Morton’s Statement)

  Leslie

  Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish

  Melville states incorrectly that Dalgleish was arrested in September 1567 in Orkney.

  Morton’s Statement

  CSP Foreign

  CSP Scottish

  See Henderson

  Morton’s Statement

  CSP Scottish

  Randolph to Cecil, 15 October 1570, CSP Foreign

  CSP Foreign

  Ibid.

  CSP Spanish

  CSP Scottish; Teulet

  Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall

  CSP Scottish

  Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.

  CSP Spanish

  The Scottish penalty for treason was hanging and quartering, which was less barbaric than the English equivalent, which also involved castration and disembowelling.

  Pitcairn; Keith

  Pitcairn

  CSP Domestic, James I, in the Public Record Office

  Melville

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.; Spottiswoode

  CSP Scottish

  Cited by Somerset

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.; Keith

  CSP Scottish

  Papal Negotiations

  CSP Foreign

  Keith

  CSP Spanish

  CSP Scottish; Keith

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Nau

  CSP Scottish

  De Silva to Philip II, 21 July 1567, CSP Spanish

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid; Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; Keith

  Nau

  Ibid.

  Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish

  Nau

  Keith

  Ibid.; CSP Foreign

  CSP Scottish

  25. “FALSE CALUMNIES”

  CSP Spanish

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.; Diurnal of Occurrents

  CSP Scottish

  State Papers in the Public Record Office

  CSP Foreign

  De Silva to Philip II, 2 August 1567, CSP Spanish

  Ibid.

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Ibid.; Register of the Privy Council

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Ibid.

  Melville

  Historie of James the Sext

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.; Keith; Nau; CSP Spanish

  CSP Scottish

  CSP Spanish

  Throckmorton to Cecil, 20 August 1567, CSP Scottish

  CSP Scottish; Bothwell

  CSP Scottish; Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents

  CSP Foreign

  Cited by Marshall: Elizabeth I

  CSP Scottish

  CSP Foreign. In two reports, dated 15 June and 1 July 1567, Drury reported that Paris had drowned, yet it is clear from later evidence that he was with Bothwell in Scandinavia. Because it was generally believed he was dead, no one thought to ask for his extradition.<
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  Bothwell

  This letter no longer exists.

  Frederick’s daughter Anne (1574–1619) was married in 1589 to Mary’s son, James VI.

  CSP Scottish

  State Papers in the Public Record Office

  Ibid.

  Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall

  CSP Scottish

  Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall

  CSP Scottish

  Ibid.

  CSP Foreign

  The word “wanton” could then mean “capricious” or “revelling in luxury,” as well as “promiscuous.”

  CSP Foreign

  Wright

  CSP Foreign

  Goodall; Cecil Papers; CSP Scottish

  Nau

  Acts of the Parliament of Scotland; Diurnal of Occurrents; Nau; Goodall

  Hosack (see Book of Articles)

  Schiern

  Goodall

  This notorious Act was later expunged from the parliamentary record and is only known today because it was printed in 1568.

  Acts of the Parliament of Scotland

  Ibid.; CSP Scottish

  Nau

  Goodall

  Drury to Cecil, 4 January 1568, CSP Foreign

  Archbishop Beaton to the Cardinal of Lorraine, 6 February 1568, Sloane MSS.

  Diurnal of Occurrents

  A slightly later copy of the picture is in the collection of the Duke of Richmond at Goodwood House, and was engraved by George Vertue in the 18th century.

  Bothwell. The original manuscript was preserved in the collection of the Comtes d’Esneval at Château Pavilly in France, but was apparently lost in the destruction of the library during the Second World War. A copy of the MS. was once in the royal library at Stockholm, but is also missing. It is only known through a copy made in 1828.

  CSP Foreign

  Castlenau; Jebb. These memoirs were first published in 1731.

  Teulet; Labanoff

  Ibid.

  26. “I AM NO ENCHANTRESS”

  Niddry Castle was built around 1511. It is today in ruins, but has recently undergone some restoration.

  Tytler

  Diurnal of Occurrents; Nau

  The ruins of Cadzow Castle, which lie to the south of the town of Hamilton, are now in a dangerous state, and may only be viewed from outside.

  Seton was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle until 1569. After his release, he continued to work actively on Mary’s behalf.

  Nau

  Mumby: Fall of Mary Stuart

 

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