by Alison Weir
Letter to the Bishop of Dumblane, in Labanoff
CSP Spanish
Melville
De Silva to Philip II, 1 May 1567, CSP Spanish. De Silva had got his information from Cecil and from the messenger who brought the news to London.
Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567, CSP Scottish; Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)
Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567, CSP Scottish
CSP Spanish
Labanoff
Ibid.
Nau
CSP Spanish
Labanoff
At this date, the word “ravish” meant “abduct” or “kidnap,” as well as “rape,” and was more commonly used in the former context; cf Moray’s Journal: “He met her upon the way, seemed to ravish her, and took Huntly and the Secretary prisoners.” The different meanings of the word have led to some confusion on the part of historians.
Melville
This probably refers to the Ainslie’s Tavern Bond.
Labanoff
CSP Scottish
The confession is printed as an appendix to Bothwell.
Labanoff
State Papers in the Public Record Office; CSP Scottish
Melville. Blackadder had been freed by the authorities after being arrested for Darnley’s murder, probably through the good offices of Bothwell.
CSP Foreign
Letter to Philip II, 3 May 1567, CSP Spanish
CSP Scottish
Acts of the Parliament of Scotland
Bittersweet Within My Heart
Drury to Cecil, 6 May 1567, CSP Foreign
Drury to Cecil, 2 May 1567, ibid. Somehow, Maitland was managing to smuggle out messages to Drury.
Melville
CSP Foreign; CSP Scottish
State Papers in the Public Record Office; CSP Scottish
CSP Scottish
Stuart: Lost Chapter. The documents relating to the case are in the Bodleian Library, Oxford. The Commissary Court had replaced the old Catholic Consistory Court in dealing with matrimonial causes.
Buchanan
Stuart: Lost Chapter
A document purporting to be this dispensation is preserved at Dunrobin Castle in Sutherland, Jean’s home after her second marriage, but its authenticity has been questioned.
Hosack (see Book of Articles)
Maitland’s Narrative
CSP Scottish
CSP Foreign
Drury to Cecil, 4 and 6 May 1567, CSP Foreign
Stuart: Lost Chapter
Robert Melville to Cecil, 7 May 1567, CSP Scottish; Grange to Bedford, 8 May 1567, ibid.; Register of the Privy Council
He arrived there by the end of April.
Keith
De Silva to Philip II, 11 May 1567, CSP Spanish
CSP Foreign; Buchanan; Book of Articles
CSP Spanish
De Alava to Philip II, 3 May 1567, Teulet
State Papers in the Public Record Office
Diurnal of Occurrents; Stuart: Lost Chapter
Calendar of the Manuscripts at Hatfield
De Silva to Philip II, 11 May 1567, CSP Spanish
Ibid.
Stuart: Lost Chapter
Hailes Castle, which is 1.5 miles south-west of East Linton, was built before 1300 and was the original seat of the Hepburns. Now a ruin, it is one of the oldest surviving stone castles in Scotland. It was partly dismantled by Parliamentary forces in 1650, during the Civil War. The chapel dates from the 16th century.
Stuart: Lost Chapter
Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)
CSP Scottish
Diurnal of Occurrents
Buchanan
The Scottish Privy Council to Throckmorton, 11 July 1567, Keith
Stuart: Lost Chapter. Jean Gordon was given valuable estates as part of her divorce settlement, and held them until her death in 1629 in the reign of Mary’s grandson, Charles I. She married secondly Alexander Gordon, 12th Earl of Sutherland (d. 1594), then thirdly her former suitor, Alexander Ogilvy of Boyne (Keith).
CSP Spanish
The Book of Articles incorrectly refers to him as the Reader of St. Giles. A reader was an unordained assistant to the Minister (Donaldson).
Keith
Melville
Ibid.
CSP Scottish
Grange to Bedford, 8 May 1567, CSP Scottish
Knox
Diurnal of Occurrents
Melville
CSP Scottish
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Stuart: Lost Chapter
Book of Articles
Cited by Gore-Browne
Register of the Privy Seal
Keith. Elizabeth’s condemnation of Grange’s letters is also mentioned by Nau.
Anderson: Collections
Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (Cuthbert Ramsay’s evidence, 1576)
Drury to Cecil, 20 May 1567, CSP Foreign; Keith; Anderson: Collections; Buchanan; Book of Articles
Register of the Privy Seal; Diurnal of Occurrents. The others were James Cockburn of Langton, Patrick Hay of Whitelaw and Patrick Hepburn of Beanston. Although, strictly speaking, Bothwell should from henceforth be referred to as Orkney, for the sake of clarity I have continued to refer to him as Bothwell.
CSP Spanish
Keith
CSP Foreign
Labanoff; Goodall
CSP Foreign
Melville
Cotton MSS. Caligula; Anderson: Collections; Book of Articles
23. “WANTONS MARRY IN THE MONTH OF MAY”
Diurnal of Occurrents; Melville. The Diurnal states that the marriage took place at “ten hours afore noon.” De Silva, who got his information from Cecil, says incorrectly that it was “at four o’clock in the morning.” (Letter to Philip II, 24 May 1567, CSP Spanish)
Drury to Cecil, 20 May 1567, CSP Foreign
Inventaires
This gives the lie to de Silva, who had heard from Cecil and Leicester that “there were only three persons of rank at the marriage.”
Diurnal of Occurrents
Calendar of Letters and State Papers . . . in Rome (James Curl’s evidence, 1576)
Inventaires
Leslie; Keith
Labanoff; Anderson: Collections
Teulet; Keith
Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 18 May 1567, Teulet; Anderson: Collections; Keith
Keith; Melville
CSP Spanish
CSP Foreign
Teulet
Keith
Ibid.
Ibid.
Melville
Teulet
Drury to Cecil, 27 May 1567, CSP Foreign
Drury to Cecil, ibid.
Register of the Privy Council
Bothwell
Teulet
CSP Foreign
CSP Spanish
CSP Scottish
Tytler: Scotland
CSP Spanish
Ibid.
Melville
CSP Foreign
Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; Teulet
In 16th-century usage, the word “accident” merely meant “something that happens.”
Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; Teulet
Teulet
Buchanan
CSP Venetian
Cited by Plowden: Two Queens in One Isle
Cited by Black: Reign of Elizabeth
CSP Venetian
CSP Scottish
Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents; Keith
Keith
Register of the Privy Council; Wormald
Labanoff; CSP Scottish
Keith
Melville. The second bond is undated but was drawn up after the Bothwell marriage.
CSP Foreign
Ibid.
Letter to Cecil, 7 June 1567, ibid.
Buc
hanan
Leslie
Teulet
Gore-Browne
Drury to Cecil, 7 June 1567, CSP Foreign
Borthwick Castle was only slightly damaged during its bombardment by Cromwell’s forces in 1650, after which it was abandoned. It was restored in 1890 and is now one of the best preserved castles in Scotland, and remains very much as it was in Mary’s day. The castle is now a hotel, and guests may stay in the actual chambers used by Mary and Bothwell.
Teulet; Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Foreign
Keith
Bothwell
Melville
Keith
Nau
Keith
Nau; Drury to Cecil, CSP Foreign
Drury to Cecil, CSP Foreign
For the events at Borthwick, see the Diurnal of Occurrents, a letter from an eyewitness, John Beaton, to his brother, Archbishop Beaton, in the Sloane MSS., and the narrative of the Captain of Inchkeith, in Teulet. Estimates of the strength of the Lords’ forces vary from 7–800 to 1,000 or 1,200.
John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.; Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish
Bothwell
Cited by Sitwell
Bothwell
Knox
Diurnal of Occurrents; Teulet; John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.
The window through which Mary is said to have escaped can still be seen today.
John Beaton, in Sloane MSS. The Book of Articles states that Ormiston was one of those sent to meet Mary.
Nau
CSP Foreign; Teulet
Nau
Diurnal of Occurrents
Melville
Nau
Ibid.
John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.
Nau
Teulet; Diurnal of Occurrents. Nau incorrectly gives the strength of the royal forces as 4,200. Reports that the two armies were of roughly equal size are therefore incorrect.
Cited by Antonia Fraser
Cited by Gore-Browne
Nau
CSP Scottish
For the Battle of Carberry Hill, see Bothwell; Diurnal of Occurrents ; Nau; Melville; du Croc’s account, in Teulet; Book of Articles.
CSP Scottish. A coloured drawing of the Darnley banner is in the Public Record Office.
Cited by Sitwell
Cited by Prebble
Bothwell
Nau
Ibid.
Bothwell
Nau
Ibid.
Melville
Letter to Cecil, 10 June 1567, CSP Foreign
Melville
Nau
Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 17 June 1567, Teulet
Drury to Cecil, 18 June 1567, CSP Foreign
Calderwood
Nau
Diurnal of Occurrents; Teulet. The Black Turnpike was demolished in 1788. An erroneous tradition claims that it was located opposite the Mercat Cross, where the offices of Edinburgh City Council now stand, but it has been established that it probably stood on the north side of the High Street, on the site of the entrance to Cockburn Street (Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, cited by Gatherer, editor of Buchanan).
Cited by Neale
24. “THIS TRAGEDY WILL END IN THE QUEEN’S PERSON”
Drury to Cecil, 18 June 1567, CSP Foreign; Buchanan
Teulet; John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.
Nau
Du Croc to Catherine de’ Medici, 17 June 1567, Teulet
Melville. In 1573, Robert Melville stated that he had refused to smuggle out a letter from Mary to Bothwell, so the Queen had burned it in anger.
CSP Foreign
This was also Drury’s opinion (ibid.).
Teulet
Melville
Bothwell
Diurnal of Occurrents; Nau
Nau; Leslie
Nau
CSP Scottish
Nau
Ibid.
Lochleven Castle is now a ruin. However, Mary’s chamber in the south-east tower and the chapel have been identified.
Nau
CSP Foreign
Nau
Cited by Brigden
Nau; Calderwood
CSP Scottish
Bothwell
Ibid.
John Beaton, in Sloane MSS.
CSP Scottish
CSP Foreign
Pitcairn; Keith
Morton’s account was read out to the Westminster Commission on 9 December 1568. It is entitled: “The true declaration and report of me, James, Earl of Morton, how a certain silver box overgilt, containing divers missive writings, sonnets, contracts and obligations for marriage betwixt the Queen, mother to our Sovereign Lord, and James, sometime Earl of Bothwell, was found and used.” (Additional MSS., hereinafter referred to as Morton’s Statement)
Leslie
Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish
Melville states incorrectly that Dalgleish was arrested in September 1567 in Orkney.
Morton’s Statement
CSP Foreign
CSP Scottish
See Henderson
Morton’s Statement
CSP Scottish
Randolph to Cecil, 15 October 1570, CSP Foreign
CSP Foreign
Ibid.
CSP Spanish
CSP Scottish; Teulet
Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall
CSP Scottish
Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall
CSP Scottish
Ibid.
CSP Spanish
The Scottish penalty for treason was hanging and quartering, which was less barbaric than the English equivalent, which also involved castration and disembowelling.
Pitcairn; Keith
Pitcairn
CSP Domestic, James I, in the Public Record Office
Melville
CSP Scottish
Ibid.; Spottiswoode
CSP Scottish
Cited by Somerset
CSP Scottish
Ibid.; Keith
CSP Scottish
Papal Negotiations
CSP Foreign
Keith
CSP Spanish
CSP Scottish; Keith
CSP Scottish
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Nau
CSP Scottish
De Silva to Philip II, 21 July 1567, CSP Spanish
CSP Scottish
Ibid; Selections from Unpublished Manuscripts; Keith
Nau
Ibid.
Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents; CSP Scottish
Nau
Keith
Ibid.; CSP Foreign
CSP Scottish
25. “FALSE CALUMNIES”
CSP Spanish
CSP Scottish
Ibid.; Diurnal of Occurrents
CSP Scottish
State Papers in the Public Record Office
CSP Foreign
De Silva to Philip II, 2 August 1567, CSP Spanish
Ibid.
CSP Scottish
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.; Register of the Privy Council
CSP Scottish
Ibid.
Ibid.
Ibid.
Melville
Historie of James the Sext
CSP Scottish
Ibid.; Keith; Nau; CSP Spanish
CSP Scottish
CSP Spanish
Throckmorton to Cecil, 20 August 1567, CSP Scottish
CSP Scottish; Bothwell
CSP Scottish; Register of the Privy Council; Diurnal of Occurrents
CSP Foreign
Cited by Marshall: Elizabeth I
CSP Scottish
CSP Foreign. In two reports, dated 15 June and 1 July 1567, Drury reported that Paris had drowned, yet it is clear from later evidence that he was with Bothwell in Scandinavia. Because it was generally believed he was dead, no one thought to ask for his extradition.<
br />
Bothwell
This letter no longer exists.
Frederick’s daughter Anne (1574–1619) was married in 1589 to Mary’s son, James VI.
CSP Scottish
State Papers in the Public Record Office
Ibid.
Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall
CSP Scottish
Pitcairn; Anderson: Collections; Goodall
CSP Scottish
Ibid.
CSP Foreign
The word “wanton” could then mean “capricious” or “revelling in luxury,” as well as “promiscuous.”
CSP Foreign
Wright
CSP Foreign
Goodall; Cecil Papers; CSP Scottish
Nau
Acts of the Parliament of Scotland; Diurnal of Occurrents; Nau; Goodall
Hosack (see Book of Articles)
Schiern
Goodall
This notorious Act was later expunged from the parliamentary record and is only known today because it was printed in 1568.
Acts of the Parliament of Scotland
Ibid.; CSP Scottish
Nau
Goodall
Drury to Cecil, 4 January 1568, CSP Foreign
Archbishop Beaton to the Cardinal of Lorraine, 6 February 1568, Sloane MSS.
Diurnal of Occurrents
A slightly later copy of the picture is in the collection of the Duke of Richmond at Goodwood House, and was engraved by George Vertue in the 18th century.
Bothwell. The original manuscript was preserved in the collection of the Comtes d’Esneval at Château Pavilly in France, but was apparently lost in the destruction of the library during the Second World War. A copy of the MS. was once in the royal library at Stockholm, but is also missing. It is only known through a copy made in 1828.
CSP Foreign
Castlenau; Jebb. These memoirs were first published in 1731.
Teulet; Labanoff
Ibid.
26. “I AM NO ENCHANTRESS”
Niddry Castle was built around 1511. It is today in ruins, but has recently undergone some restoration.
Tytler
Diurnal of Occurrents; Nau
The ruins of Cadzow Castle, which lie to the south of the town of Hamilton, are now in a dangerous state, and may only be viewed from outside.
Seton was imprisoned in Edinburgh Castle until 1569. After his release, he continued to work actively on Mary’s behalf.
Nau
Mumby: Fall of Mary Stuart