by Byron
— Fiery Dust, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968.
— ‘Hero with a Thousand Faces: The Rhetoric of Byronism’, Studies in Romanticism 31 (1992), pp. 295–314.
— ‘ “Mixed Company”: Byron’s Beppo and the Italian Medley’, in Shelley and His Circle, 1773–1822, Vol. 7, ed. Donald H. Reiman, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1986, pp. 234–97.
— ‘Shall These Bones Live?’ in The Beauty of Inflections, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988, pp. 90–110.
— ‘The Significance of Biographical Context: Two Poems by Lord Byron’, in The Author in His Work, ed. Louis L. Martz and Aubrey Williams, New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978, pp. 347–64.
Noel McLachlan, ‘ “She walks in beauty”: Some Byron Mysteries’, London Magazine 30 (August–September 1990), pp. 20–33.
Thomas Medwin, Medwin’s CONVERSATIONS OF LORD BYRON (1824), ed. Ernest J. Lovell, Jr., Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1966.
Peter T. Murphy, ‘Visions of Success: Byron and Southey’, Studies in Romanticism 24 (1985), pp. 355–73.
Isaac Nathan, ed., Fugitive Pieces and Reminiscences of Lord Byron, London: Whittaker, Treacher, 1829.
Stuart Peterfreund, ‘The Politics of ‘Neutral Space’ in Byron’s Vision of Judgment’, Modern Language Quarterly 40 (1979), pp. 275–91.
Marlon Ross, ‘Scott’s Chivalric Pose: The Function of Metrical Romance in the Romantic Period’, Genre 18 (1986), pp. 267–97.
Andrew Rutherford, Byron: A Critical Study, Stanford: Stanford University Press/Edinburgh, Oliver & Boyd, 1961.
Sir Walter Scott, Reviews of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto III, Quarterly Review 16 (October 1816/February 1817), pp. 172–208; and Canto IV, Quarterly Review 19 (April/September 1816), pp. 215-32.
Samuel Smiles, A Publisher and His Friends: Memoir and Correspondence of the Late John Murray with an Account of the Origin and Progress of the House, 1768–1843, 2 vols., London: John Murray, 1891.
Gordon Spence, ‘Moral and Sexual Ambivalence in Sardanapalus’, Byron Journal 12 (1984), pp. 59–69.
Stuart Sperry, ‘Byron and the Meaning of Manfred’, Criticism 16 (1974), pp. 189–202.
William St Clair, ‘The Impact of Byron’s Writings: An Evaluative Approach’, in Byron: Augustan and Romantic, ed. Andrew Rutherford, London: Macmillan, 1990, pp. 1–25.
— Lord Elgin and the Marbles, London: Oxford University Press, 1967.
— That Greece Might Still be Free, London: Oxford University Press, 1972.
T.G. Steffan, ‘The Devil a Bit of Our Beppo’, Philological Quarterly 32 (1953), pp. 154–71.
Studies in Romanticism 31 no. 3 (Fall 1992); special issue on Sardanapalus.
Gordon Kent Thomas, Lord Byron’s Iberian Pilgrimage, Provo, UT: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.
Peter L. Thorslev, The Byronic Hero, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1962.
Peter Vassallo, Byron: The Italian Literary Influence, New York: St Martin’s Press, 1984.
Daniel P. Watkins, Social Relations in Byron’s Eastern Tales, Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 1987.
—‘Violence, Class Consciousness and Ideology in Byron’s History Plays’, ELH 48 (1981), pp. 799–816.
Timothy Webb, ed., English Romantic Hellenism, 1700–1824, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1982.
Susan J. Wolfson, ‘Couplets, Self and The Corsair’, ‘Heroic Form: Couplets, “Self,” and Byron’s Corsair’; Formal Charges: The Shaping of Poetry in British Romanticism (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997).
— ‘ “A Problem Few Dare Imitate”: Sardanapalus and “Effeminate Character” ’, ELH 58 (1991), pp. 867–902.
INDEX OF TITLES
Beppo, 573
Blues, The, 736
Bride of Abydos, The, 209
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Cantos, 56
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto III, 415
Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage, Canto IV, 508
Cornelian, The, 2
Corsair, The, 248
Darkness, 412
Destruction of Sennacherib, The, 355
English Bards and Scotch Reviewers, 6
Epistle from Mr Murray to Dr Polidori, 570
Epistle to Augusta, 456
Epistle to Mr Murray, 599
Fare thee well! 392
Fragment, A, 1
Francesca of Rimini, 632
From the French, 357
Giaour, The, 167
Isles of Greece, The, 629
Lara, 316
Lines (On Hearing that Lady Byron was Ill), 460
Lines to a Lady Weeping, 154
Lines to Mr Hodgson, 49
Maid of Athens, ere we part, 51
Manfred, 463
Mazeppa, 602
Napoleon’s Farewell, 356
Ode to Napoleon Buonaparte, 308
Ode to the Framers of the Frame Bill, An, 153
On This Day I Complete My Thirty-Sixth Year, 780
Prisoner of Chillon, The, 397
Prometheus, 394
Remember Thee! Remember Thee! 166
Sardanapalus, 635
She walks in beauty, 315
Siege of Corinth, The, 359
So, we’ll go no more a roving, 507
Sonnet on Chillon, 397
Stanzas (When a man hath no freedom), 634
Stanzas for Music, 314
Stanzas to the Po, 627
To Caroline, 3
To Ianthe, 59
To Thvrza, 54
To Woman, 1
Vision of Judgment, The, 749
Waltz, The, 155
When we two parted, 391
Who kill’d John Keats? 735
Written after Swimming from Sestos to Abydos, 53
INDEX OF FIRST LINES
And thou wert sad — yet I was not with thee, 460
Come, blue-eyed maid of heaven! – but thou, alas! 94
Dear Doctor, I have read your play, 570
Eternal Spirit of the chainless Mind! 397
Fare thee well! and if for ever, 392
Farewell to the Land, where the gloom of my Glory, 356
He hath wrong’d his queen, but still he is her lord, 636
Huzza! Hodgson, we are going, 49
I had a dream, which was not all a dream, 412
I speak not, I trace not, I breathe not thy name, 314
I stood in Venice, on the Bridge of Sighs, 512
If, in the month of dark December, 53
In Coron’s bay floats many a galley light, 268
In the year since Jesus died for men, 360
Is thy face like thy mother’s, my fair child! 415
Know ye the land where the cypress and myrtle, 209
Maid of Athens, ere we part, 51
Muse of the many-twinkling feet! whose charms, 157
Must thou go, my glorious Chief, 357
My dear Mr Murray, 599
My hair is grey, but not with years, 400
My sister! my sweet sister! if a name, 456
Night wanes – the vapours round the mountains curl’d, 335
No breath of air to break the wave, 168
No specious splendour of this stone, 2
Not in those climes where I have late been straying, 59
‘O’er the glad waters of the dark blue sea, 250
Oh well done Lord E[ldo]n! and better Lord R[yde]r! 153
Oh, thou! in Hellas deem’d of heavenly birth, 61
Remember thee! remember thee! 166
River, that rollest by the ancient walls, 627
Saint Peter sat by the celestial gate, 753
She walks in beauty, like the night, 314
Slow sinks, more lovely ere his race be run, 285
So, we’ll go no more a roving, 507
Still must I hear? – shall hoarse Fitzgerald bawl, 8
The Assyrian came down like the wolf on the fold, 355
The isles of Greece,
the isles of Greece! 629
The lamp must be replenish’d, but even then, 463
‘The land where I was born sits by the seas, 632
The Serfs are glad through Lara’s wide domain, 316
The winds are high on Helle’s wave, 225
’Tis done — but yesterday a King! 308
’Tis known, at least it should be, that throughout, 573
’Tis time this heart should be unmoved, 780
Titan! to whose immortal eyes, 394
’Twas after dread Pultowa’s day, 603
Weep, daughter of a royal line, 154
When a man hath no freedom to fight for at home, 634
When we two parted, 391
When, to their airy hall, my fathers’ voice, 1
‘Who kill’d John Keats?’ 735
Without a stone to mark the spot, 54
Woman! experience might have told me, 1
You say you love, and yet your eye, 3
You’re too late/Is it over?/Nor will be this hour, 736
1. [‘He is, and gone again.’ – B. 1816.]
1. John Cam Hobhouse. [Editors]
1. IMIT. – ‘Semper ego auditor tantum? nunquamne reponam, Vexatus toties rauci Theeside Codri?’ – Juv. Sat. I.
2. [‘Hoarse Fitzgerald.’ – ‘Right enough; but why notice such a mountebank.’ – B. 1816.]
3. Mr Fitzgerald, facetiously termed by Cobbett the ‘Small Beer Poet,’ inflicts his annual tribute of verse on the Literary Fund: not content with writing, he spouts in person, after the company have imbibed a reasonable quantity of bad port, to enable them to sustain the operation.
4. [‘This must have been written in the spirit of prophecy.’ – B. 1816.]
1. This ingenuous youth is mentioned more particularly, with his production, in another place.
2. In the Edinburgh Review. – [‘He’s a very good fellow: and, except his mother and sister, the best of the set, to my mind.’ – B. 1816.]
1. Messrs. Jeffrey and Lambe are the alpha and omega, the first and last of the Edinburgh Review; the others are mentioned hereafter.
2. IMIT. ‘Stulta est Clementia, cum tot ubique — occurras perituræ parcere chartsæ’ – Juv. Sat. I.
1. IMIT. ‘Cur tamen hoc libeat potius decurrere campoPer quem magnus equos Auruncæ flexit alumnus:Si vacat, et placidi rationem admittitis, edam.’ – Juv. Sat. I.
1. Stott, better known in the ‘Morning Post’ by the name of Hafiz. This personage is at present the most profound explorer of the bathos. I remember, when the reigning family left Portugal, a special Ode of Master Stott’s, beginning thus: – (Stott loquitur quoad Hibernia.) –‘Princely offspring of Braganza,Erin greets thee with a stanza,’ & c.Also a Sonnet to Rats, well worthy of the subject, and a most thundering Ode, commencing as follows:-‘Oh! for a Lay! loud as the surgeThat lashes Lapland’s sounding shore.’Lord have mercy on us! the ‘Lay of the Last Minstrel’ was nothing to this.
1. See the ‘Lay of the Last Minstrel,’ passim. Never was any plan so incongruous and absurd as the groundwork of this production. The entrance of Thunder and Lightning, prologuising to Bayes’ tragedy unfortunately takes away the merit of originality from the dialogue between Messieurs the Spirits of Flood and Fell in the first canto. Then we have the amiable William of Deloraine, ‘a stark moss-trooper,’ videlicet, a happy compound of poacher, sheep-stealer, and highwayman. The propriety of his magical lady’s injunction not to read can only be equalled by his candid acknowledgment of his independence of the trammels of spelling, although, to use his own elegant phrase, ‘’twas his neck-verse at Harribee,’ i.e. the gallows. – The biography of Gilpin Horner, and the marvellous pedestrian page, who travelled twice as fast as his master’s horse, without the aid of seven-leagued boots, are chefs-d’œuvre in the improvement of taste. For incident we have the invisible, but by no means sparing box on the ear bestowed on the page, and the entrance of a knight and charger into the castle, under the very natural disguise of a wain of hay. Marmion, the hero of the latter romance, is exactly what William of Deloraine would have been, had he been able to read and write. The poem was manufactured for Messrs Constable, Murray, and Miller, worshipful booksellers, in consideration of the receipt of a sum of money; and truly, considering the inspiration, it is a very creditable production. If Mr Scott will write for hire, let him do his best for his paymasters, but not disgrace his genius, which is undoubtedly great, by a repetition of black-letter ballad imitations.
1. ‘Good night to Marmion’ – the pathetic and also prophetic exclamation of Henry Blount, Esquire, on the death of honest Marmion.
2. As the Odyssey is so closely connected with the story of the Iliad, they may almost be classed as one grand historical poem. In alluding to Milton and Tasso, we consider the ‘Paradise Lost,’ and ‘Gierusalemme Liberata,’ as their standard efforts; since neither the ‘Jerusalem Conquered’ of the Italian, nor the ‘Paradise Regained’ of the English bard, obtained a proportionate celebrity to their former poems. Query: Which of Mr Southey’s will survive?
1. ‘Thalaba,’ Mr Southey’s second poem, is written in open defiance of precedent and poetry. Mr S. wished to produce something novel, and succeeded to a miracle. ‘Joan of Arc,’ was marvellous enough, but ‘Thalaba,’ ‘was one of those poems ‘which,’ in the words of Porson, ‘will be read when Homer and Virgil are forgotten, but – not till then.’
2. We beg Mr Southey’s pardon: ‘Madoc disdains the degrading title of epic.’ See his preface. Why is epic degraded? and by whom? Certainly the late romaunts of Masters Cottle, Laureat Pye, Ogilvy, Hole, and gentle Mistress Cowley, have not exalted the epic muse; but, as Mr Southey’s poem ‘disdains the appellation,’ allow us to ask – has he substituted any thing better in its stead? or must he be content to rival Sir Richard Blackmore in the quantity as well as quality of his verse?
1. See ‘The Old Woman of Berkley,’ a ballad, by Mr Southey, wherein an aged gentlewoman is carried away by Beelzebub, on a ‘high-trotting horse.’
2. The last line, ‘God help thee,’ is an evident plagiarism from the Antijacobin to Mr Southey, on his Dactylics.
3. [‘Unjust.’ – B. 1816.]
4. Lyrical Ballads, p. 4. – ‘The Tables Turned.’ Stanza 1.
1. Mr W. in his preface labours hard to prove, that prose and verse are much the same; and certainly his precepts and practice are strictly conformable: –
‘And thus to Betty’s questions he
Made answer, like a traveller bold.
The cock did crow, to-whoo, to-whoo,
And the sun did shine so cold,’ &c. &c., p. 129.
2. Coleridge’s Poems, p. 11, Songs of the Pixies, i.e. Devonshire Fairies; p. 42, we have, ‘Lines to a young Lady:’ and, p. 52, ‘Lines to a young Ass.’
3. For every one knows little Matt’s an M.P.’ – See a poem to Mr Lewis, in ‘The Statesman,’ supposed to be written by Mr Jekyll.
1. The reader, who may wish for an explanation of this, may refer to ‘Strangford’s Camoëns,’ p. 127, note to p. 56, or to the last page of the Edinburgh Review of Strangford’s Camoëns.
2. It is also to be remarked, that the things given to the public as poems of Camoëns are no more to be found in the original Portuguese, than in the Song of Solomon.
1. Hayley’s two most notorious verse productions are ‘Triumphs of Temper,’ and ‘The Triumph of Music.’ He has also written much comedy in rhyme, epistles, &c. &c. As he is rather an elegant writer of notes and biography, let us recommend Pope’s advice to Wycherley to Mr H. ’s consideration, viz. ‘to convert his poetry into prose,’ which may be easily done by taking away the final syllable of each couplet.
2. Mr Grahame has poured forth two volumes of cant, under the name of ‘Sabbath Walks,’ and ‘Biblical Pictures.’
1. See Bowles’s ‘Sonnet to Oxford,’ and ‘Stanzas on hearing the Bells of Ostend.’
2. ‘Awake a louder,’ &c., is the first line in Bowles’s ‘Spirit of Discovery;’
a very spirited and pretty dwarf-epic. Among other exquisite lines we have the following: –
‘A kiss
Stole on the list’ning silence, never yet
Here heard; they trembled even as if the power,’ &c. &c.
That is, the woods of Madeira trembled to a kiss; very much astonished, as well they might be, at such a phenomenon. – [‘Misquoted and misunderstood by me; but not intentionally. It was not the “woods,” but the people in them who trembled – why, Heaven only knows – unless they were overheard making the prodigious smack.’ – B. 1816.]
1. The episode above alluded to is the story of ‘Robert a Machin‘ and ‘Anna d’Arfet,’ a pair of constant lovers, who performed the kiss above mentioned, that startled the woods of Madeira.
2. Curll is one of the heroes of the Dunciad, and was a bookseller. Lord Fanny is the poetical name of Lord Hervey, author of ‘Lines to the Imitator of Horace.’
3. Lord Bolingbroke hired Mallet to traduce Pope after his decease, because the poet had retained some copies of a work by Lord Bolingbroke – the ‘Patriot King,’ – which that splendid, but malignant, genius had ordered to be destroyed.
4. Dennis the critic, and Ralph the rhymester. –
‘Silence, ye wolves! while Ralph to Cynthia howls,
Making night hideous: answer him, ye owls!’ – Dunciad.
1. See Bowles’s late edition of Pope’s works, for which he received three hundred pounds. Thus Mr B. has experienced how much easier it is to profit by the reputation of another, than to elevate his own.
2. [‘Fresh fish from Helicon!’ – ‘Helicon’ is a mountain, and not a fishpond. It should have been ‘Hippocrene.’ – B. 1816.]
3. Mr Cottle, Amos, Joseph, I don’t know which, but one or both, are sellers of books they did not write, and now writers of books they do not sell, have published a pair of epics. ‘Alfred,’ – (poor Alfred! Pye has been at him too!) – ‘Alfred,’ and the ‘Fall of Cambria.’
1. Mr Maurice hath manufactured the component parts of a ponderous quarto, upon the beauties of ‘Richmond Hill,’ and the like: – it also takes in a charming view of Turnham Green, Hammersmith, Brentford, Old and New, and the parts adjacent.
2. Poor Montgomery, though praised by every English Review, has been bitterly reviled by the Edinburgh. After all, the bard of Sheffield is a man of considerable genius. His ‘Wanderer of Switzerland’ is worth a thousand ‘Lyrical Ballads’ and at least fifty ‘degraded epics.’