3. Ibid.; “A Portrait of Segregation in New York City,” New York Times, May 11, 2012.
4. Institute on Race and Poverty, Failed Promises: Assessing Charter Schools in the Twin Cities (University of Minnesota Law School, 2008); Institute on Race and Poverty, Update of “Failed Promises: Assessing Charter Schools in the Twin Cities” (University of Minnesota Law School, 2012).
5. John Hechinger, “Segregated Charter Schools Evoke Separate but Equal Era in U.S.,” Bloomberg.com, December 22, 2011.
6. Orfield, Kucsera, and Siegel-Hawley, E Pluribus … Separation, 7–8.
7. Ibid., 8.
8. Rucker C. Johnson, “Long-Run Impacts of School Desegregation & School Quality on Adult Attainments” (NBER working paper 16664, January 2011), http://www.nber.org/papers/w16664.
9. Rucker C. Johnson, “The Grandchildren of Brown: The Long Legacy of School Desegregation,” http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~ruckerj/RJabstract_BrownDeseg_Grandkids.pdf.
10. David L. Kirp, “Making Schools Work,” New York Times, May 19, 2012.
11. Ibid.
12. Richard Rothstein and Mark Santow, “A Different Kind of Choice” (Washington, D.C.: Economic Policy Institute, 2012).
CHAPTER 32 Privatization of Public Education Is Wrong
1. Jamie Robert Vollmer, “The Blueberry Story: A Businessman Learns His Lesson,” Education Week, March 6, 2002.
2. Steven Rattner, interview with Fareed Zakaria, CNN, July 22, 2012, http://edition.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/1207/22/fzgps.01.html.
3. Tim Holt, “Education and the Business Model,” http://holtthink.tumblr.com/post/25291144880/education-and-the-business-model.
4. Richard A. Oppel Jr., “Private Prisons Found to Offer Little in Savings,” New York Times, May 18, 2011; Sam Dolnick, “As Escapees Stream Out, a Penal Business Thrives,” New York Times, June 17, 2012; Julie Creswell and Reed Abelson, “A Giant Hospital Chain Is Blazing a Profit Trail,” New York Times, August 15, 2012.
5. David M. Halbfinger, “Cost of Preschool Special Education Is Soaring,” New York Times, June 6, 2012. See also “Oversight for Preschool Special Education,” New York Times, July 16, 2012.
6. “Course Choice Quality Control” (Louisiana Department of Education, 2012), http://boarddocs.com/la/bese/Board.nsf/files/92ETL277D2BF/$file/AG_3-2_Course_Choice_Attachment_B_Dec12.pdf; Valerie Strauss, “Louisiana Supreme Court Rules School Voucher Funding Unconstitutional,” Washington Post, May 7, 2013.
7. Jessica Williams, “BESE Approves Online Providers Despite Judge Nixing Pay Plan,” Lens, December 4, 2012.
8. Matthew Cunningham-Cook, “Why Do Some of America’s Wealthiest Individuals Have Fingers in Louisiana’s Education System?,” Nation, October 23, 2012.
9. Motoko Rich, “Charter Schools Win Support in Georgia,” New York Times, November 7, 2012.
10. Washington State, Public Disclosure Commission, http://www.pdc.wa.gov/MvcQuerySystem/CommitteeData/contributions?param=WUVTIFdDIDUwNw====&year=2012&type=initiative.
11. Daniel Denvir, “Michelle Rhee’s Right Turn,” Salon.com, November 17, 2012.
12. State Impact, “Idaho Voters Resoundingly Reject Propositions 1, 2, and 3,” http://stateimpact.npr.org/idaho/tag/propositions-1-2-3/; Andrew Crisp, “Luna Laws Award $180 Million Laptop Deal to HP,” Boise Weekly, October 23, 2012; Dan Popkey, “Tom Luna’s Education Reform Plan Was a Long Time in the Making,” Idaho Statesman, February 20, 2011.
13. Santa Clara County Office of Education, “County Board Approves 20 More Rocketship Charters” (press release), http://www.sccoe.k12.ca.us/newsandfacts/newsreleases/2011-12/news121511.asp?CFID=15231363&CFTOKEN=34992529&jsessionid=843032e7a6176e9adf9a5b4a1758607767e2; Sharon Noguchi, “PAC Money Floods Local School Board Races,” http://www.mercurynews.com/bay-area-news/ci_21896419/pac-money-floods-local-school-board-races; Sharon Noguchi, “Santa Clara County School Board: Mah Wins Seat; Song Beats Neighbors,” http://www.mercurynews.com/elections/ci_21943699/santa-clara-county-school-board-has-two-seats.
14. Howard Blume, “Big Money Doesn’t Buy Much in L.A. School Races,” Los Angeles Times, March 6, 2013.
15. Jersey Jazzman, “Who Runs the Reformy Campaign Money Machine?” April 2, 2013, http://jerseyjazzman.blogspot.com/2013/04/who-runs-reformy-campaign-money-machine.html.
CHAPTER 33 Conclusion: The Pattern on the Rug
1. Http://www2.ed.gov/programs/racetothetop/executive-summary.pdf.
2. John Dewey, Democracy and Education (New York: Macmillan, 1916), 101.
Index
Abecedarian Project
absenteeism, 10.1, 23.1, 31.1
Academy for Urban School Leadership (AUSL)
accountability, 1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 18.1, 20.1, 28.1, 28.2, 31.1, 32.1, 33.1
online schools and, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
test-based, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 6.1, 11.1, 14.1, 20.1, 21.1, 24.1, 28.1, 33.1, nts.1n
achievement gap, 1.1, 4.1, 10.1, 15.1
closing of, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 7.1, 11.1, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 20.1, 21.1, 28.1, 28.2, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4
income, 6.1, 6.2, 14.1, 14.2, 15.1, 17.1, 31.1, 31.2
poverty effects and, 10.1, 23.1, 31.1, 31.2
achievement levels, 5.1, 25.1, 25.2
math, 5.1, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, app.1, app.2, app.3
reading, 5.1, 5.2, app.4, app.5, app.6
ACT, 28.1, 31.1
Adams, John
Addams, Jane
Adelanto School District
“advanced” level, 5.1, 5.2
Advanced Placement courses, 4.1, 16.1
Africa, 22.1, 22.2, 31.1
African Americans, see blacks
after-school programs, 1.1, 10.1, 16.1, 24.1, 27.1
Agassi, Andre, 2.1, 16.1
Agora school
alcohol, 10.1, 27.1, 31.1
ALEC (American Legislative Exchange Council), 3.1, 3.2, 6.1, 16.1, 32.1
and charters
parent trigger and
virtual schools and, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2
vouchers and
Alexander, Karl L.
Allgood, Whitney, 27.1, 27.2
Alliance for Excellent Education
Amazon.com, 3.1, 24.1, 32.1
America 2000
American Educational Research Association (AERA)
American Enterprise Institute
American Federation for Children
American Federation of Teachers, 3.1, 16.1, nts.1n
American Indians, 5.1, 5.2, 16.1, 31.1
American Indians/Alaska Natives, 8.1, app.7, app.8, app.9, app.10
American Institutes for Research (AIR), 20.1, 20.2
American Library Association
American Virtual Academy
AmeriCorps
Amplify division
Andre Agassi College Preparatory Academy
Anschutz, Philip
Anti-intellectualism in American Life (Hofstadter)
anti-progressives (“essentialists”)
“apartheid schools,”
Ariely, Dan
Arizona, charter schools in, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
Arizona Republic, 16.1, 16.2
arts education, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 4.1, 5.1, 7.1, 9.1, 11.1, 12.1, 28.1, 30.1, 31.1, 33.1
in good education, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 24.5
Asian Americans, 9.1, 16.1, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3
achievement gap and
NAEP and, 4.1, 5.1
Asian/Pacific Islanders, 8.1, 8.2, app.7, app.11, app.12, app.10
Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management
Atlanta, Ga., 2.1, 15.1, 15.2
Austin, Ben, 18.1, nts.1n
Australia, 7.1, 7.2, 9.1, 10.1, 16.1
Austria, 10.1, 31.1
autism, 16.1, 26.1
automobile industry
Baker, Bruce, 11.1, 16.1, nts.1n
Baker, Keith
Baltimore, Md., 15.1, 15.2, 15.3, 16.1, nts.1n
B
an Ki-moon
Barton, Paul, 6.1, 25.1
“basic” level, 5.1, 5.2
Basis charter schools
Bell, Terrel H.
“below basic” level, 5.1, 5.2, 6.1
Bennett, Bill, 17.1, 17.2, nts.1n
Bennett-Kew Elementary School
Bezos family, 3.1, 32.1
bilingual education
Blackboard Jungle (film)
blacks, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 31.1, 33.1
achievement gap and, 6.1, 10.1, 11.1, 15.1, 15.2, 21.1, 23.1, 25.1, 28.1, 31.1, 31.2
charter schools and, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 31.1
college education and, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 21.1, 31.1, 31.2
high school graduation rates and, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4, 21.1, 31.1, 31.2, nts.1n
international tests and
NAEP and, 4.1, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 15.1, 19.1, app.14, app.5, app.8, app.15, app.16
poor, 3.1, 10.1, 15.1, 23.1, 27.1, 28.1, 30.1, 31.1, 31.2
Rhee and, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
unemployment of
vouchers and, 19.1, 19.2
see also desegregation; segregation, racial
“blended learning” model
Block, Michael
Block, Olga
Bloomberg, Michael, 11.1, 12.1, 13.1, 25.1, 25.2, 30.1, 32.1, 32.2
Bloomberg Businessweek
Board of Education, Chicago, 20.1, 20.2
Booker, Corey
boot-camp culture
Borsuk, Alan J.
Boston Consulting Group
Bowen, Stephen
Bracey, Gerald, n
Bradley Foundation
brain development
Brandenburg, G. F.
Brennan, David, 16.1, 17.1
Broad, Eli, 3.1, 32.1, 32.2
Broad Foundation, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1, 33.1
online education and
Broad Superintendents Academy, 3.1, 14.1
Brookings Institution
Brooklyn Castle (film)
Brooklyn Excelsior Charter School
Brown, Jerry, n
Brown v. Board of Education, 3.1, 6.1, 19.1, 19.2, 31.1, 33.1
Budde, Ray, 2.1, 16.1, 26.1, 26.2
budget cuts, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 17.1, 24.1, 24.2
class size and, 25.1, 25.2
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S.
Bush, George H. W. (Bush administration), 1.1, 2.1, 4.1
Bush, George W. (Bush administration), itr.1, 4.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 31.1
see also No Child Left Behind
Bush, Jeb, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 10.1, 11.1
online schools and, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4
parent trigger and
business, 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 17.1, 19.1, 32.1
education compared with, 12.1, 26.1, 32.1
see also entrepreneurs; specific businesses
California, 3.1, 15.1, 25.1, 31.1, 32.1
charter schools in, 16.1, 16.2, 18.1, 18.2, 32.1
parent trigger and
turnaround in
California, University of (Los Angeles), Civil Rights Project of, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3
California Charter School Association,310
Canada, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 11.1, 11.2
poverty in, 10.1, 10.2
Canada, Geoffrey
capital
human
“smart,”
social
Carroll County, Va.
Carter, Jimmy
Catholic schools, 16.1, 19.1, 33.1
Celerity charter chain
censorship
Census Bureau, U.S.
Center for Education Reform, 16.1, 19.1
Center for Research on Education (CREDO)
Centers for Disease Control
Chance to Make History, A (Kopp), 10.1, 14.1
character, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3, 24.4, 28.1, 28.2, 33.1
charter management organizations (CMOs)
charter schools, 1.1, 1.2, 2.1, 3.1, 7.1, 15.1, 15.2, 17.1, 17.2, 19.1, 20.1, 32.1, 32.2, 33.1, 33.2
achievement gap and
ALEC’s model law for, 16.1, 16.2
chains of, 3.1, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 18.1, 18.2, 26.1, 26.2
cost of, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
CREDO report on
diversity of, 16.1, 16.2
EMOs and, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
enrollment disparities in, 4.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
expansion of, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 14.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 18.1, 26.1, 30.1, 30.2, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 32.1
for-profit, 2.1, 2.2, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 4.1, 15.1, 16.1, 16.2, 18.1, 26.1, 26.2, 26.3, 32.1, 32.2
NCLB and, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3
“no excuses” slogan of, 10.1, 16.1
online, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5, 26.1, 26.2
original idea for, 2.1, 16.1, 26.1
parent trigger and
as public schools
segregation and, 31.1, 31.2
TFA and, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3
in Washington, D.C., 15.1, 15.2, 16.1, 16.2, 26.1
working for all of
Chavis, Ben
cheating scandals, 2.1, 15.1, 28.1
Chester Upland School District
Chetty, Raj
Chetty study, 11.1, nts.1n
Chicago, Ill., 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 15.1, 16.1, 18.1, 30.1, 31.1
merit pay in
Renaissance 2010 in, 20.1, 20.2
turnaround in
Chicago Teachers Union (CTU), 30.1, 33.1
Chiefs for Change
China
international tests in, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4
choice, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 15.1, 17.1, 17.2, 18.1, 19.1, 19.2, 21.1, 28.1, 31.1, 32.1, 33.1, 33.2
see also charter schools; online schools; vouchers
choice movement
Christie, Chris, 11.1, 15.1, 16.1
Chubb, John, 17.1, 19.1
Churchill, Sir Winston
civics, 1.1, 2.1, 24.1, 30.1
Civilian Conservation Corps, 4.1, 30.1
civil rights, 4.1, 16.1, 30.1, 30.2, 31.1
corporate reform claims and, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 14.1
union support for, 3.1, nts.1n
Civil Rights Act (1964)
Civil Rights Project (UCLA), 31.1, 31.2, 31.3
class size, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 16.1, 24.1, 24.2, 25.1, 27.1, 31.1, 32.1, nts.1n
in charter schools, 16.1, 16.2
in early elementary grades, 1.1, 23.1, 25.1
online schools and, 17.1, 17.2
reduction of, 20.1, 25.1, 31.1
Scholastic-Gates survey on
Cleveland, Ohio, 15.1, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 30.1
vouchers in, 19.1, 19.2, 19.3
Clinton, Bill (Clinton administration), 2.1, 4.1, 16.1
Cody, Anthony, 3.1, 14.1, 20.1
Cohen, David K.
Cold War, 4.1, 4.2, 10.1
Coley, Richard
collaboration (teamwork), 12.1, 12.2, 12.3, 13.1, 15.1, 20.1, 20.2, 20.3, 33.1
charter schools and, 16.1, 16.2, 26.1, 26.2
collective bargaining, 3.1, 13.1, 15.1
College Board, 9.1, 17.1
college education, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 4.4, 7.1, 8.1, 9.1, 10.1, 10.2, 17.1, 25.1, app.17
cost of, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4
desegregation and, 31.1, 31.2
good education and, 24.1, 24.2, 24.3
tenure and
value and purpose of, 9.1, 9.2
vouchers and
college graduation rates, 9.1, 21.1
Colorado, 2.1, 7.1, 14.1, 32.1
online schools in, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3
Colorado Virtual Academy, 17.1, 17.2
Comer, James
Comer Process
Common Core State Standards, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 17.1, 30.1, 31.1, 33.1
community, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 6.1, 8.1, 20.1, 24.1, 32.1,
32.2, 32.3, 33.1
charters and, 26.1, 26.2
democratic control and, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 30.4, 33.1, 33.2
community colleges
Community Renewal Tax Relief Act (2000)
competition, 1.1, 1.2, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 7.1, 14.1, 28.1, 31.1, 32.1, 32.2, 33.1
charter schools and, 2.1, 2.2, 10.1, 16.1
global, 9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 24.1, 32.1
merit pay and, 12.1, 12.2
in Race to the Top, 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 16.1, 30.1
vouchers and, 19.1, 19.2
computers, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 9.1, 16.1, 16.2, 17.1, 26.1, 32.1
online schools and, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4, 17.5
Conference of Mayors, U.S.
Congress, U.S., 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 20.1, 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, 31.1, 32.1, 33.1, nts.1n
GI Bill of Rights and
vouchers and, 3.1, 19.1, 19.2
Connecticut, 11.1, 13.1, 13.2, 32.1, 33.1
Connections Academy, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2, 17.3, 17.4
conservatives, conservatism, 6.1, 14.1, 16.1, 16.2, 16.3, 16.4, 16.5, 17.1, 17.2, 19.1, 32.1, 33.1
governors, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 14.1, 15.1, 15.2, 26.1
parent trigger and, 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 18.4
vouchers and, 19.1, 19.2
Consortium on Chicago School Research, 20.1, 20.2
Constitution, U.S., 16.1, 24.1, 30.1
consultants, consulting, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 16.1, 17.1, 17.2
consumerism, 32.1, 33.1
Corbett, Tom
corporate reform, 2.1, 20.1, 30.1, 32.1
achievement gap and, 6.1, 6.2, 10.1, 11.1, 11.2
charter schools and, 16.1, 16.2
civil rights movement claims of, 1.1, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 4.2, 6.1, 14.1
college education and, 9.1, 10.1
disdain for teachers of
lack of popular base for
language of, 3.1, 4.1
merit pay and, 12.1, 12.2
online education and, 17.1, 17.2
pattern of
poverty effects and, 10.1, 10.2, 21.1, 27.1
progressive themes and language co-opted by
Rhee and, 13.1, 15.1, 15.2, 15.3
school boards and
school closings and
seniority, tenure and, 13.1, 13.2, 13.3
teacher effectiveness and, 11.1, 11.2, 11.3, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6, 13.1
TFA and, 14.1, 14.2, 14.3
corporations, effects of merit pay on
Council on Foreign Relations
creationism, 3.1, 16.1, 19.1, 33.1
“creative destruction,” 17.1, 32.1
creative disruption, 32.1, 32.2
creativity, 3.1, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 16.1, 24.1, 32.1, 33.1
crime, 6.1, 23.1, 31.1
Reign of Error: The Hoax of the Privatization Movement and the Danger to America's Public Schools Page 45