by Simon Schama
Henry III 143, 144, 147–60 passim, 165, 221, 225, 227
Henry IV 226–7
Henry V 206, 227–8, 235, 242
Henry VI 228, 235
Henry VII 229, 234–6, 241, 243, 294
Henry VIII 234, 236, 240–64, 269, 280, 284, 294–5
and Anne Boleyn 244–52, 259–61
and Catherine of Aragon 241, 244, 248, 249, 251, 258, 284
and Church 244, 252–4 passim, 263
and Scotland 242, 294, 295
Henry II of France 294–5 III of France 311
Henry, Earl of Huntingdon 175
Henry the Younger, son of Henry II 122, 123, 125, 128, 132, 133
Heraclius, Patriarch of Jerusalem 135
Herbert of Bosham 120, 123, 124
Hereward the Wake 97
hill forts 26–7
Holbein, Hans 247, 263, 264
Homily of State of Matrimony 288
Honorius, Emperor 42
Hooper, John, Bishop of Gloucester 272
Howard, Catherine 264, 280
Thomas, 3rd Duke of Norfolk 242, 251, 260–5 passim
Thomas, 4th Duke 306–9 passim
Hugh of Lincoln 171
Hunne, Richard 239
Iceni 30, 33
inheritance, of property 99, 138
Innocent III, Pope 140–1
interdicts 141, 152
invasions
French 143, 157, 209
Norman 83, 85, 86, 88–103
Roman 27–31 passim
Scots 195, 200–1
Spanish 316, 320, 323–5
Iona 48, 49, 53, 54
Ireland 21, 41, 47–8, 106, 114, 129, 131–2, 144, 145, 161–2, 188–9, 201, 225, 329
Dal Riata (Scoti) 41, 43, 45, 47, 48
war with 114, 131–2, 225, 329
Iron Age 26–31
Ironside, Edmund 65
Isabella of Spain 241, 242
Isabella, Queen 190, 191, 194
Islam 54
Isle of Wight, sack of 74
James IV of Scotland 242
V 294
VI and I of England 300, 302, 317, 331
James the Stewart 177–9 passim
James of St George, Master 170
Jarrow monastery 49–51 passim, 54
Jesuits 316, 317, 330
Jews, in England 112, 129, 135, 150, 158, 170–1, 201
Joan, daughter of King John 162, 163
Joan of Arc 228
Joan of Kent 211, 215, 216
John, King 128, 134, 136–44 passim, 147, 152, 253
John of Gaunt 205, 209–12 passim, 215, 216, 219, 221–4 passim
John of Reading 202
John of Salisbury 126
John of Worcester 82
Julius Caesar 27–9 passim 31
Jumièges, abbey 72, 75
Robert of 72, 73, 84
William of 83
juries 66, 114, 130
justice system 142, 232
Anglo-Saxon 60, 66
Henry II 114, 129–30
Jutes 44, 45
Kalendar of Shepherdes, The 238
Kenilworth Castle 151, 160, 312–13
Kenneth I of Scotland 59
Kett, Robert 268
King’s College, Cambridge 235
kingship 59–61, 114, 117, 221–4
Scottish 78
Knighton, Henry 199, 202, 203
knights of shires 144, 153, 158, 161, 210
Knollys, Francis 289, 305 Lettice 313
Knox, John (First Blast of the Trumpet etc.) 287–8, 295, 298
labour 98, 163, 198, 204, 208, 211, 230
Statute of Labourers 211
Lancaster, 1st Duke of see John of Gaunt
Lancaster, Earl Thomas of 190
Lanfranc of Bee 83–4
Langland, William 209
Langside, battle of 303
Langton, Stephen 128, 141
Latimer, Hugh, Bishop of Worcester 272
law/legal system 60, 66–7, 114, 118, 129–30, 142, 144, 165, 170, 176, 232
Lee, Sir Henry 319, 328
Leo IV, Pope 61
Lewes, battle of 156–7
Song of 160
Lindisfarne 51–2, 54
Llewellyn ap Gruffydd 159, 162, 163, 165–7 passim
ab Iorwerth 163
Lollards 205, 240, 255
London 30, 41, 59, 95, 112, 115, 142, 143, 155, 156, 190, 198, 200, 270
Tower of 96, 115, 148, 156
Longchamp, William, Bishop of Ely 135–6
Long Melford church, Suffolk 236–8 passim
Lords Appellant 220–1, 224
Louis VII of France 110, 111, 116, 123, 133
VIII 143
XII 245
Lusignans 149, 153–5 passim
Luther, Martin 238, 241, 251, 253
Lydgate, John 203
Lyons, Richard 209
Lyveden New Bield 330–1
Mabinogion, The 169
Macaulay, Thomas Babington 19, 20
Macbeth of Scotland 77–8
MacMurrough, Art 225
Magna Carta 128, 141–4 passim, 147, 149, 217
Magnus I of Norway 70, 86
Maid of Norway 172–3
Maitland, Sir William 298, 300
Malcolm II of Scotland 78
III 78, 81, 82, 97, 98, 107
IV 130
Maldon, battle of 64
Mantes, sack of 101–2
Marcher lords 131, 159, 162, 165, 167
Mare, Peter de la, Speaker 210
Margaret of Austria 245
Margaret Tudor 242, 294
Marsh, Adam 151
Marshal, William 143, 144
Martyn, Roger 236–7
martyrs, Marian 272–3
Mary I 270–4 passim, 284, 285, 287, 289
as Princess 244–6 passim, 249, 256, 259, 261, 268–70 passim
Mary of Guise 287, 294–6
Mary, Queen of Scots 274, 294–303, 305–7, 317–22
claim to English throne 296–7, 305, 317–18, 320
Mary Rose 264
Mary Tudor, sister of Henry VIII 269, 246
Matilda, Empress 106, 108, 109, 112
Matilda, Queen 107
Mautby, Margaret 231
Maximus II, Pope 61
McElwee (The Story of England) 15
Medina-Sidonia, Duke of 325
Mercia 56, 59, 65
Earls of 68, 70, 73, 74, 77; see also Morcar
Merlin 105–6, 143
Moleyn, Lord 231
monasteries 50, 54, 201, 235, 254, 257–8, 261
visitations 257–8
Monkwearmouth monastery 50, 54
Mons Graupius, battle of 34
Montfort, Simon de 146, 150–62
passim, 165, 184, 190
Elinor 165, 166
Montgomery, Treaty of 165
Moray, Earl of 295, 298, 302, 303, 305, 306
Morcar, Earl of Mercia 81, 82, 87, 94, 96, 97
More, Sir Thomas 236, 240, 251, 252, 254–7 passim
Mortimer, Roger 159, 190, 191
Morton, Earl of 298, 300
Morton, John, Bishop of Ely 235
Morville, Hugh de 126
Mount Badon, battle of 44
Mowbray, Thomas, Duke of Norfolk 219, 224
Murray, Andrew 179, 180
Mussis, Gabriele de 196
nativism 145, 149
Nennius 44
Nero, Emperor 33
Neolithic period 24–7
Netherlands 295, 309, 313, 315–17, 323
Nevile, Peter de 158
Neville’s Cross, battle of 195
Nicholas II, Pope 84
Norfolk, Duke of 231 see also Howard; Mowbray
Norham Abbey 173–4
Normandy/Normans 68–9, 71, 79, 83, 85, 86, 88–103, 112, 139–40, 143–4, 147, 155, 242
Norsemen 53, 56–8 see also Vikings
Northern Earls’ Rising 307–9
Nort
humberland, Earls of 225, 247, 308 see also Dudley, John
Northumbria 56, 57, 59, 81, 82, 180
Earl of 68, 70, 72–5 passim, 80
oath-taking 73, 79–80, 101, 154, 155, 177, 256
Odo, Bishop 78, 89, 100, 102
Ordinance of the Magnates 154
Orkney 24–7, 31, 65, 77, 78, 173
Brodgar stone circle 25
Gurness 27
Maes Howe 25
Skara Brae 24–6
Oswald, King of Bernicia 49
Our Lady ofWalsingham 236, 262
Oxford, Provisions of 153–5 passim, 158, 190
Oxnead Hall, Norfolk 230–1
Paris, Matthew (Chronica Majora) 152, 153
Parliaments 148, 149, 158, 191, 207–9 passim, 220–1, 226, 228, 254, 256, 270, 317
Commons 191, 209, 211, 219, 239
Good 208–9, 211
‘Merciless’ 221
Speaker 210
Parma, Duke of 315, 324
Parr, Catherine 264, 269, 280, 282, 283
Pastons of Norfolk 230–2
Patrick, St 47, 48, 53
Paulet, Amyas 318, 319, 321
Peasants’ Revolt 211–18, 232, 262
Pecham, John, Archbishop of Canterbury 167
Percys 289, 307
Henry 247
Perrers, Alice 208, 209
Peter of Blois 116
Philip Augustus of France 134, 136–7, 139–41 passim
Philip IV of France 176, 194
VI 194
Philip II of Spain 271–3 passim, 285, 290, 293, 320, 323–5 passim
Pickering, Sir William 290
Picts 28, 36, 41, 43, 54, 106
Pilgrimage of Grace 261–2, 308
Pius V, Pope 308, 317
plague 193–207, 209, 228, 232, 265–6, 268
Platter, Thomas 279
Pole, Cardinal 270
Pole, Michael de la 219, 221
poor laws 310
population 115, 197–8, 310
Praemunire, statute of 230, 254
Prasutagus, King of Iceni 33
Prestwich, Michael 171
priests, Catholic 238, 267, 274, 317
marriage of 254, 263, 267
‘prodigy houses’ 312, 330
progresses, royal 310–11, 330
Protestantism 244, 263–8, 271–4 passim, 286, 315, 316, 328
in Scotland 295, 298, 301, 303
Queen Majesty’s Passage, The 286
Raedwald of East Anglia 46
Ralegh, Walter 327, 329
Ralf the Timid 71, 72
rebellion 81, 96–7, 133–4, 141–2, 228, 268, 317 see also Northern Earls’; Peasants’ Revolt; Pilgrimage of Grace
Bolingbroke 225–6
Carausius 40–1
Kett’s 268
de Montfort 150–62 passim
Scottish 179–80
Southwest 268
Venutius 35
Wyatt’s 271
reform
church 235–6, 238–9, 263, 265, 266
parliamentary 146, 150, 152–8, 161, 209
Reformation 233–4, 238–9, 254–5, 262–7 passim, 270
counter- 270–4, 289
Regnenses 30
Rhuddlan, Statute of 168
Rhys ap Gruffydd 131
Riccardi 170
Riccio, David 298, 299
Richard I 130, 133–8
Richard II 209, 210, 212, 215–27 passim, 229, 262
Richard III 229, 230, 235
Richard of Devizes 135
Richard, Duke of Normandy 68
Ridley, Nicholas, Bishop of London 272
Ridolfi, Roberto 309
riots
anti-Catholic 293
food 329
Robert Curthose 102, 107
Robert, Duke of Normandy 69, 71
Robert, Earl of Gloucester 106, 108
Robert of Mortain 102
Robin Hood 211
Roger of Pont l’Évêque, Archbishop of York 121, 125, 128
Roger of Wendover 141
Rollo the Viking 68
Romans 27–45 passim, 61
Rome, sack of 42, 250
Ruaidri Ua Conchobair 130
Ruthven, Lord 299
Sampford Courtenay, battle of 268
Santa Cruz, Admiral 324
Savoy Palace, burning of 216, 232
Saxons 43–6 passim, 105–6
Shore forts 41
Scarinelli, Venetian
Ambassador 279
Scotland 21, 34–6 passim, 45, 54, 59, 78, 98, 107, 114, 129, 130, 145, 161–3, 172–89, 200–1, 220, 242, 294–303, 332
and England 129–30, 173–4, 176–83, 220, 294–5; war with 78, 98, 114, 176–86, 242, 294–6
and France 176, 189, 242, 294
Guardians of the Realm 173, 174, 180
Lords of the Congregation 295
Scotichronicon 178
Stone of Destiny 177, 210, 294
Senlach, battle of see Hastings
serfdom, end of 204–5, 217
Sewale, Sir John 215
Seymour, Edward, Duke of Somerset 265, 268, 282–4 passim, 291
Jane 261
Thomas, Lord High Admiral 282–4 passim
Shakespeare, William 219, 222, 225–8 passim, 331
sheriffs 144, 153, 155, 170, 218
Shetland 27
Shore, Jane 229
Sicily 152
Six Articles 263
Skara Brae 24–6
Sluys, battle of 195
Smeaton, Mark 259–60
Smythson, Robert 330
Solway Moss, battle of 294
Spain 16, 54, 242, 271–2, 295, 309, 313, 315–17 passim, 323–5
Armada 323–5
raid on Cadiz 323–4
Spenser, Edmund 329
Spurs, battle of the 242
St Albans, battle of 44
Stamford Bridge, battle of 87–8
Stephen, King 106, 108, 111
Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury 81, 84, 94, 95
Stirling Bridge, battle of 179
Stow, John 200
Stubbs, John (A Discoverie of a Gaping Gulf etc.) 314
Sturlasson, Snorri 87
succession 73, 79, 82, 107, 122, 150, 224–5, 256, 269, 280, 284, 285, 296, 297, 303–5 passim, 307, 317–18
in Scotland 172–5 passim
Sudbury, Simon, Archbishop of Canterbury 212, 215, 217, 218
supremacy, royal see Church of England
Sutton Hoo ship burial 46
Sweyn I of Denmark 65 II 96, 97
Tacitus 23, 27, 28, 34–6 passim
Talbot, George, Earl of Shrewsbury 306, 317
Tame, John 234
taxation 141–2, 148, 170, 171, 191, 198, 208, 211–12, 228, 329
poll 211–12
Templars 156
Theobald, Archbishop of Canterbury 114, 117
This Sceptred Isle 19–20
Thomas, Earl of Lancaster 190
Thorfinn, Earl of Orkney 78
Thorkell the Tall 65, 67
Throckmorton, Nicholas 296
Tiberius, Emperor 29
Togidubnus, King of Regnenses 31, 38
tombs 25–6, 206 see also individual entries
transi- 206–7
Torrigiano, Pietro 235
Tracy, William 126, 127
trade 27, 30, 111, 115, 163, 208
Tresham, Sir Thomas 330–1
Tresilian, Robert 221
Trinovantes 29
Tryggvason, Olaf 64, 65
Tyler, Wat 213, 216, 217
Tyndale, William 240, 252
Tyrwhit, Sir Robert 283
Ui Neill 48
unemployment 273, 329
Uniformity, Act of 268, 274
urban life 39, 198–200
Valence, William de, Earl of Pembroke 154
Vere, Robert de 219, 221
Vikings 52–60 passim, 64–5, 68–9, 86–8
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br /> Vindolanda 36–7
Virgil 30
Vitalis, Orderic 95–8 passim, 100, 102–3
Vortigern 43, 105–6, 143
Wace 80, 92, 98
wages 204, 211, 310
Wales 21, 34, 45, 77, 96–7, 129, 131, 144, 145, 161–70
laws of Hwel Dada 162
Prince of 163, 168
rebellion in 77, 96–7
war with 77, 107, 165–8
Wallace, Malcolm 177
William 177–81 passim
Walsingham, Francis 306, 314–28 passim, 330
Walter, Hubert, Archbishop of Canterbury 128
Waltham Abbey 103
Walworth, William 215–18 passim
war
civil 106, 108–9, 133–4, 143, 150, 156–60, 162, 188
in Netherlands 315–17
of religion 234, 261, 268–74, 308
of Roses 228–31 passim
with France 134, 141, 194–5, 228, 242, 244
with Ireland 114, 131–2, 225, 329
with Scotland 78, 98, 114, 176–86, 242, 294–6
with Spain 323–5
with Wales 77, 107, 165–8
Warenne, William de 177, 179
Warham, William, Archbishop of Canterbury 254
Warwick, Black Book of 311
Warwick, Elizabeth I visit to 310–11
Warwick, Earl of 215, 219, 220, 223
‘Kingmaker’ 229, 234
weather 23, 29, 324–5
Wessex 56–9 passim, 64–5, 68
Westminster Abbey 25, 81, 95, 148, 190, 210, 235, 294
Hall 148, 152, 176, 220
Westmorland, Earl of 308
Whitby, Synod of 49
White Ship 107, 111
Whitehall Palace 253
Wilfrid, St, Archbishop of York 50
William I 95–103, 107
Duke of Normandy 71, 73, 74, 78–80, 82–9, 92–5 passim William II 102, 107
William IX, Duke of Aquitaine 110–11
William the Atheling 107
William the Lion of Scotland 129, 130
William of Poitiers 98
William the Silent 315, 316, 318
Willoughby, Sir Robert 330
Wilton Diptych 222
Windsor, St George’s Chapel 194, 195
Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow 179, 180, 182
witan 68, 70, 71, 73, 82, 83, 95, 98, 99
Wollaton Hall, Nottingham 330
Wolsey, Cardinal Thomas 240, 242–3, 245, 247, 250, 251, 255, 258
Woodville, Elizabeth 229
Wulfstan, Archbishop ofYork 67
Wyatt, Henry 247
Thomas 247, 248, 260–1
Thomas (son) 271, 284
Wyclif, John 205, 240
Yevele, Henry 207
Yolande of Dreux 172
York 53, 54, 56, 87, 97, 106, 135, 171
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