by Simon Jones
23. Maj Gen Sir W. G. MacPherson (et. al., Eds.), Medical Services Diseases of the War, Vol. II, (HMSO, London, 1923), p. 573 (Chapters XIX to XXI by D. Dale Logan).
24. Oberstleutnant a. D. Bok, ‘Eine Episode aus dem Minenkrieg württembergischer Pioniere’, Paul Heinrici [Ed.], Das Ehrenbuch der Deutschen Pioniere, (Verlag Tradition Wilhelm Rolf, Berlin, 1931), pp. 528–530 (from a translation by Peter Lane).
25. G. F. F. Eagar, ‘The training of officers and men of the tunnelling companies of the Royal Engineers in mine-rescue work on active service in France’, Transactions of the Institute of Mining Engineers, 1919–20, Vol. LVIII, pp. 304-324; comments by Eagar following papers by David Dale Logan, ‘The difficulties and dangers of mine-rescue work on the Western Front; and mining operations carried out by men wearing rescue-apparatus’ and ‘Accidents due to structural defects of apparatus or injury to apparatus; and the future of the Proto apparatus’, Transactions of the Institute of Mining Engineers 1918–19, Vol. LVII, pp. 242–243.
26. Frederick J. Mulqueen, Memoirs of Major F. J. Mulqueen, DSO MC, REL, p. 39.
27. R. C. Smart, Recent Practice in Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus, (Charles Griffin & Co. Ltd, 1921), pp. 222–231; Simon Jones, ‘A Mine Rescue Officer on the Western Front’, The Royal Engineers Journal, Vol. 109, 1995, pp. 250–255; MacPherson, Medical Services Diseases of the War, Vol. II, op. cit., pp. 602–604.
28. Simon Jones, World War I Gas Warfare Tactics and Equipment, (Osprey, Oxford, 2007), pp. 40–41; account by D. Dale Logan in MacPherson, Medical Services Diseases of the War, Vol. II, op. cit., pp. 547–550.
Chapter 9
1. Captain A. Gay, ‘Sapping Operations, Especially for Infantry: From a lecture to cadets at Saint Maixant, France by Capt A. Gay, French Army’, Professional Memoirs. Corps of Engineers, United States Army and Engineer Department at Large. Vol.10 (1918), p. 206.
2. Ministère de la Guerre, État-Major de l’Armée – Service Historique, Les Armées françaises dans la grande guerre, Vol. III, (Imp. Nationale, Paris 1931), p. 256; Appendix 1113, 6/8/1915, Note relative à l’attaque projetée du 3e C.A.
3. Op. cit., Appendix 1127 Hache GOC 3rd Corps to Urbal GOC X Army, 8/8/1915.
4. ‘Le Journal de Vincent Martin’ (apparently a memoir rather than a diary), http://pagesperso-orange.fr/119RI/journalmartin.html.
5. War diaries of French 36th, 39th & 74th Infantry Regt’s, Engineer Company 3/1 and 5th Infantry Division, Service Historique de la Défense, Département de l’armée de Terre (SHAT).
6. ‘Journal de Paul Andrillon Caporal à la 12e Cie 119e RI’, http://pagesperso-orange.fr/ 119RI/journalandrillon.html.
7. Ibid.
8. War diary 28th Infantry Regt., (SHAT).
9. War diary 12th Infantry Bde., (SHAT).
10. Martin, op. cit.
11. Ibid.
12. Brigadier General J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1915, (MacMillan and Co. Ltd, London, 1927) Vol. 2, p. 194; 236–7.
13. Major-General Sir Ernest D. Swinton, Eyewitness, London, Hodder and Stoughton, 1932, p. 118.
14. C. E. W. Bean, The Story of Anzac from 4 May, 1915, to the Evacuation of the Gallipoli Peninsula, (Angus and Robertson Ltd, Australia, 1941), Vol. 2, p. 259.
15. R. East, (Ed.), The Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence of the Australian Engineers – 1st A.I.F. 1915 (Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1981), p. 154.
16. Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, op. cit., p. 31.
17. The British Official History of the Gallipoli campaign claims that three mines were used to open up a gallery and that a long narrow crater formed was converted into a communication trench. This statement does not correspond to the location of the mines and is not borne out by the accounts in Bean (op. cit.) or the War Diary of 2nd Field Company. C. F. Aspinall-Oglander, Military Operations Gallipoli, Vol. II, May 1915 to the Evacuation, (William Heinemann, London, 1932), p. 181.
18. Bean, The Story of Anzac, Vol. 2, op. cit., pp. 502–503.
19. Ibid., p. 505.
20. War Diary 2nd Field Company Australian engineers, www.awm.gov.au.
21. Gallipoli Diary of Sergeant Lawrence, op. cit., p. 66.
22. Bean, The Story of Anzac, Vol. 2, op. cit., p. 817.
23. Bean, The Story of Anzac, Vol. 2, op. cit., p. 813.
24. J. Murray, Gallipoli As I Saw It, (William Kimber, London, 1965), p. 168.
25. Murray, op. cit., p. 174.
26. [Anon.], The Fifth Battalion Highland Light Infantry in the War 1914–1918, (MacLehose, Jackson and Co., Glasgow, 1921), p. 64.
27. Op. cit., p. 67.
28. Op. cit., p. 61.
29. GHQ Instruction OB1207, 2/2/1916, in Brigadier General J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, [Vol. 1] Appendices, (Macmillan and Co. Ltd, London, 1932), Appendix 16, pp. 91–124.
30. Captain W. Grant Grieve and Bernard Newman, Tunnellers, (Herbert Jenkins, London, 1936), pp. 116–7.
31. Brigadier General J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, [Vol. 1], (Imperial War Museum, London, nd, originally published 1932), pp. 429, 444.
32. Diary of R. S. G. Stokes, Assistant Inspector of Mines, 4/7/1916, NA WO158/137.
33. Letter G. A. Robson MC, late Lt 1st Bn Rifle Brigade, to J. E. Edmonds, nd, NA CAB45/137.
34. Stokes diary, op. cit., 4/7/1916.
35. Ibid.
36. Lt. Geoffrey Malins OBE, How I Filmed the War, (Herbert Jenkins Limited, London, 1920), pp. 156–157.
37. 29 Division Order No 36, 14/6/16 transcript in ‘First Avenue’ DVD produced by the Durand Group.
38. Letter of Colonel A. F. G. Ruston, 1/3rd Kent Field Company, RE, to J. E. Edmonds, NA CAB45/137.
39. War Diary 1/2 Monmouthshire Regiment, transcript in ‘First Avenue’ DVD produced by the Durand Group.
40. War Diary 16 Royal Irish Rifles, NA, WO95/2498.
41. Report c.16/8/16, 10 Corps GS War Diary, NA WO95/851.
42. 32 Division GS War Diary, 1/7/16, NA WO95/2368.
43. Lt. Col. J. Shakespear, A Record of the 17th and 32nd Service Battalions Northumberland Fusiliers (N.E.R.) Pioneers 1914–1919, (Northumberland Press Limited, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1926), p. 34.
44. Letter H. M. Hance to J. E. Edmonds, June 1930, NA CAB45/134.
45. Report on action of 70th Company Machine Gun Corps on July 1st 1916, War Diary 70 Infantry Brigade, National Archives, WO95/2185.
46. Hance letter, op. cit.
47. Report Major H. M. Hance to Chief Engineer 3rd Corps, 27/7/1916, RE Library.
48. 9th Bn The Cheshire Regiment War Diary, NA WO95/2090.
49. Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, [Vol. 1] Map Volume, (MacMillan and Co. Ltd, London, 1932), Map 8.
50. Letter Lt Col A. G. B. Urmston to J. E. Edmonds, 11/6/1930, NA CAB45/191.
51. Hance letter, op. cit.
52. War Diary 179 Tunnelling Company, RE, NA WO95/244.
53. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, Vol. 1, op. cit., p. 359.
54. Letter B. G. Clay to J. E. Edmonds, 3/12/1929, NA CAB45/132.
55. Maj. Gen. C. H. Foulkes, “Gas!” The Story of the Special Brigade, (William Blackwood & Sons Ltd, Edinburgh & London, 1934), pp. 162–163; War Diary Special Section, RE, NA WO95/122; Peter Barton, The Somme, (Constable, London, 2006), contains an illustrated reconstruction of the Livens flame projector.
56. Weekly Mine Report 183 Tunnelling Company, RE, 18 Division GS, War Diary, NA WO95/2015.
57. Letter H. C. B. Hickling to J. E. Edmonds, nd, NA CAB45/189.
58. Weekly Mine Report 183 Tunnelling Company, op. cit.
59. Stokes diary, op. cit., 4/7/1916.
60. Ibid.
61. Report by Lt Col F. Preedy, Controller of Mines, 4th Army, NA WO158/335.
62. Brigadier General J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, (Vol. 2), (Imperial War Museum, London, nd, originally published 1932), p
. 281; War Diary 174 Tunnelling Company WD, NA WO95/404.
63. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, Vol. 2, op. cit., p. 502.
64. Major R. G. Trower, Summary of Operations of 252nd Company Royal Engineers during attack of November 13th 1916, National Archives WO158/335.
65. Letter C. E. G. Shearman to J. E. Edmonds, 20/1/1937, NA CAB45/137.
66. R. N. Harvey, ‘Military Mining in the Great War, A Lecture delivered at the S.M.E., Chatham, on November 14th, 1929’, Royal Engineers Journal, XLIII Dec. 1929, p. 542.
67. Chief of the General Staff, GHQ, to Armies, 5/12/1916, NA WO158/335.
68. 5th Army to 1st Army, 15/12/1916, NA WO158/335.
69. Tunnellers, op. cit., p. 129; Graham Seton Hutchison, The W Plan, (Thornton Butterworth, London, 1929).
Chapter 10
1. Capitaine Thobie, La Prise de Carency par le Pic et Par la Mine, (Berger-Levrault, Paris 1918), pp. 38–39.
2. Ernst Jünger, The Storm of Steel (trans. Basil Creighton), (Constable, London, 1994) (1929), pp. 59–60.
3. Ernst Jünger (trans. Basil Creighton), Copse 125 A Chronicle from the Trench Warfare of 1918, (Zimmerman & Zimmerman, 1985), p. 17.
4. Jünger, Storm of Steel op. cit., p. 35.
5. Unterirdische Anlagen (Katakomben) in Nordfrankreich, Herausgegeben im Auftrag des AOK2, [February 1918].
6. [Anon.], ‘Experience Gained from the September (1915) Offensives on the Fronts of the Sixth and Third Armies’, German and Austrian Tactical Studies Translations of Captured German and Austrian Documents and Information Obtained From German and Austrian Prisoners from the British, French and Italian Staffs, (Government Printing Office, Washington, 1918), p. 13.
7. Ibid., p. 17.
8. Ibid., p. 22.
9. Witte, Karl, 3. Rheinisches Pionier=Bataillon Nr.30 (Gerhard Stalling, Berlin 1928), p. 97; Georges Blond, Verdun, (MacMillan, New York, 1964), pp. 14–15.
10. Alistair Horne, The Price of Glory Verdun 1916, (Penguin Books, London, 1964), pp. 216, 303–306.
11. Brigadier General J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, [Vol. 1] Appendices, (MacMillan and Co. Ltd, London, 1932), App. 10, ‘Amended Plan submitted by the Fourth Army to GHQ 19th April 1916,’ p. 80.
12. Stephen Westman, Surgeon with the Kaiser’s Army, (William Kimber, London, 1968), pp. 94–95.
13. Thobie, op. cit., p. 82.
14. ‘Lessons Drawn from the Battle of the Somme,’ German and Austrian Tactical Studies, op. cit., p. 87.
15. [Anon.], Deep Gallery Shelters, Translated at the Army War College from a French Study, July 1917, (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1917), p. 5; [Anon.], Notes on the Construction of Deep Gallery Shelters, Translated and edited at Army War College, October 1917, (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1917), p. 7; [Anon.], Notes on the Construction and Equipment of Trenches, Compiled from the latest sources, Army War College April 1917 (Washington, Government Printing Office, 1917).
16. Brigadier General J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1916, (Vol. 1), (Imperial War Museum, London, nd, 1932), p. 284.
17. Brig Gen Trevor Ternan, The Story of the Tyneside Scottish, (The Northumberland Press, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, 1919), p. 82.
18. GOC 103 Brigade to 34 Division, 11/6/1916, WD, 103 Infantry Brigade, NA WO95/2464; Lt. Col. J. Shakespear, The Thirty-Fourth Division 1915–1919, (H. F. & G. Witherby, London, 1921), pp. 28–29.
19. ‘Mining in France 1914–1917’ by Major-General R. N. Harvey, late Inspector of Mines, National Archives, WO106/387, pp. 19, 23.
20. Cyril Falls, The History of the 36th (Ulster) Division, (M’Caw, Stevenson & Orr Ltd, Belfast, 1922), pp. 112–113.
21. Harvey, Mining in France, op. cit., p. 19.
22. First Army Administrative Report on the Vimy Ridge Operations, NA WO158/900.
23. H. W. Graham, The Life of a Tunnelling Company, (J. Catherall & Co. Ltd, Hexham, 1927), p. 74.
24. R. E. Priestley, The Signal Service in the European War of 1914 to 1918 (France), (Institution of Royal Engineers, Chatham, 1921), pp. 118–119.
25. J. C. Neill (Ed.), The New Zealand Tunnelling Company, 1915-1919, (Whitcombe & Tombs, Auckland, 1922), p. 63.
26. Neill, op. cit., pp. 63–64.
27. Maj. Gen. Sir W. G. MacPherson, Medical Services General History Vol. III, (HMSO, London, 1924), p. 74–76.
28. Captain W. Grant Grieve and Bernard Newman, Tunnellers, (Herbert Jenkins, London, 1936), p. 159.
29. Neill, op. cit., p. 65.
30. Neill, op. cit., pp. 72–74.
31. Falls, History of the 36th (Ulster) Division, op. cit., p. 127.
32. Captain Cyril Falls, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1917, [Vol. I], The German Retreat to the Hindenburg Line and the Battle of Arras, (Imperial War Museum, London, nd) (1940), pp. 217–218.
33. Neill, op. cit., pp. 77–80.
34. Neill, op. cit., p. 81.
35. Graham, op. cit., pp. 182–183.
36. Timothy T. Lupfer, The Dynamics of Doctrine: the changes in German tactical doctrine during the First World War, (Combat Studies Institute, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, 1981), pp. 13–15.
37. Falls, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1917, Vol. 1, op. cit., pp. 323–325, Map 10; Jonathon Nicholls, Cheerful Sacrifice, (Leo Cooper, London, 1990), p. 84.
38. W. Buhr, Die Geschichte des I. Westf. Pionier=Bataillons Nr. 7 und seiner Kriegsverbände im Weltkriege 1914/18 (Gerhard Stalling, Oldenburg 1938), p. 160.
39. ‘3. Inf.-Regt. 476. Die Katastrophe im Cornillet-Tunnel (20. Mai 1917)’, in Generalleutant Otto v. Moser, Die Württemberger im Weltkriege, (Chr. Belser A G, Stuttgart, 1927), pp. 537–541; Oberstleutnant L. Knies, Das Württembergische Pionier=Bataillon Nr. 13 im Weltkrieg 1914-1918, (Chr. Belser A. G., Stuttgart, 1927), pp. 114–117 (my thanks to John Lane for German translations); Ministère de la Guerre, État-Major de l’Armée – Service Historique, Les Armées françaises dans la grande guerre, Tome V, 2nd Vol., Annexes 1st Volume, (Imp. Nationale, Paris 1937), Annexe No 351; Extrait d’un rapport émis par le médecin allemand du bataillon, médecin en chef, le Docteur Nagel 11/476, http://pagesperso-orange.fr/champagne1418/recit/recit9.htm# cornillet; ‘Note on Mont Cornillet Tunnel,’ [Anon.], Notes on Recent Operations No. 2, Edited at the Army War College from French and British Sources, July, 1917, Washington, Government Printing Office.
40. Die Katastrophe im Cornillet-Tunnel, op. cit., pp. 537–538.
41. Ibid., p. 539.
42. Knies, op. cit., p. 115.
43. Nagel report, op. cit.
44. Nagel report, op. cit.
45. Die Katastrophe im Cornillet-Tunnel, op. cit., p. 540.
46. Ibid., p. 541.
47. A. Girod, http://www.lced.org/div_04.php.
48. [Anon.], Verdun An Illustrated Historical Guide, (Éditions Lorraines Frémont, Verdun, nd), pp. 40, 106.
49. ‘The Experience Gained During the English-French Offensive in the Spring of 1917, 10th June, 1917, Issued by the Chief of the General Staff of the Field Army’, German and Austrian Tactical Studies, op. cit. pp. 181–182.
50. ‘Extracts from The Construction Of Defensive Positions, Translation of a German document, dated German Army Headquarters, June 30, 1917’, German and Austrian Tactical Studies, op. cit. pp. 127–132.
51. Op. cit., p. 132.
52. Lt Col von Thaer, CGS, ‘The Construction of Positions for the Coming Winter’, (Translation of a German document captured by the British), Headquarters American Expeditionary Forces, General Staff, Intelligence Section (A), October 19, 1917, German and Austrian Tactical Studies, op. cit. pp. 139–142.
53. Jünger, Copse 125, op. cit., pp. 17–20.
54. [Anon.], The Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914–19. Military Mining, (Institution of Royal Engineers, Chatham, 1922), p. 18.
55. H. J. Humphrys, letter to J. E. Edmonds, 16/7/1931, private papers of descendant of writer.
56. Brig Gen J. E. Edmonds, Military Operations, France and Belgium, 1918, [Vol. II], March-April: continuation of the German offensives, (MacMillan and Co., Ltd., London, 1937), p. 160.
57. Capt E. J. Ritchie, ‘The Fight for Givenchy Ridge, April 1918 and the Part Played by the 251st (T) Coy. R.E.,’ TOCA Bulletin, No. 13, 1938, p. 64.
58. Ibid.
59. Grieve & Newman, Tunnellers, op. cit., p. 283.
60. Ritchie, op. cit., p. 65.
Chapter 11
1. Brigadier R. M. Merrell, ‘The Berlin Spy Tunnel – a Memoir’, The Royal Engineers Journal, Vol. 116, 2002, pp. 105–107.
Bibliography
Only works actually consulted are included.
Unpublished Documents
Detailed references for archival sources are given in the chapter notes.
National Archives, Kew
War Diaries.
Diary of Sir John Norton Griffiths.
Diary of Maj. R.S.G. Stokes.
Maj. Gen. R. N. Harvey, ‘Mining in France 1914–1917’.
Mining Plans.
Royal Engineers Museum, Chatham
Alexander Barrie papers.
Just a Small One (magazine of 172 Tunnelling Company) 1915, 1916
Royal Engineers Library, Chatham
F.J. Mulqueen, Memoirs of Major F. J. Mulqueen, DSO MC, (unpublished typescript).
Library and Archives Canada
http://www.collectionscanada.gc.ca/archivianet/020152_e.html
Canadian Army War Diaries.
British Army War Diaries concerning St Eloi operation.
Service Historique de la Défense, Département de l’armée de Terre
http://www.memoiredeshommes.sga.defense.gouv.fr/jmo/cdc.html
French Army War Diaries.
West Sussex Record Office
Sir Ivor Maxse papers.
Published sources
Books
G.H. Addison, The Work of the Royal Engineers in the European War, 1914–1918 Miscellaneous (Institution of Royal Engineers, Chatham, 1927).
Amis de Vauquois, La Butte Meurtrie Vauquois La guerre des mines 1914–1918, (Les Amis de Vauquois et de sa Région, 2004).
[Anon.], Consolidation of Trenches and Localities after Assault and Capture, General Staff, SS112, 1916.