Horton, H. Mack. “Saiokuken Sōchō and Imagawa Daimyō Patronage.” In Literary Patronage in Late Medieval Japan, edited by Steven D. Carter, 105–161. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 1993.
Horton, H. Mack. “Saiokuken Sōchō and the Linked-Verse Business.” Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 1 (1986): 45–78.
Horton, H. Mack. Song in an Age of Discord: The Journal of Sōchō and Poetic Life in Medieval Japan. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Horton, H. Mack, trans. The Journal of Sōchō. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1999.
Keene, Donald. “Jōha, a Sixteenth-Century Poet of Linked Verse.” In Warlords, Artists, and Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century, edited by George Elison and Bardwell L. Smith, 113–131. Honolulu: University Press of Hawai’i, 1981.
Kinjiro, Kaneko, and H. Mack Horton, trans. “Sōgi and the Imperial House.” In Literary Patronage in Late Medieval Japan, edited by Steven D. Carter, 63–93. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 1993.
Konishi, Jin’ichi. “The Art of Renga.” Translated, with an introduction, by Karen W. Brazell and Lewis Cook. Journal of Japanese Studies 2, no. 1 (1975): 29–61.
Miner, Earl. Japanese Linked Poetry: An Account with Translations of Renga and Haikai Sequences. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1979.
Miner, Earl. “Some Theoretical Implications of Japanese Linked Poetry.” Comparative Literature Studies 18, no. 3 (1981): 368–378.
Okuda, Isao. “Renga in the Medieval Period.” Acta Asiatica: Bulletin of the Institute of Eastern Culture 37 (1979): 29–46.
Pollack, David. “Gidō Shūshin and Nijō Yoshimoto: Wakan and Renga Theory in Late Fourteenth Century Japan.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 45, no. 1 (1985): 129–156.
Ramirez-Christensen, Esperanza. “The Essential Parameters of Linked Poetry.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 41, no. 2 (1981): 555–595.
Ramirez-Christensen, Esperanza. Heart’s Flower: The Life and Poetry of Shinkei. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1994.
Ueda, Makoto. “Verse-Writing as a Game: Yoshimoto on the Art of Linked Verse.” In Literary and Art Theories in Japan, edited by Makoto Ueda, 37–54. Cleveland: Press of Western Reserve University, 1967.
Yoshimura, Teiji. “Shinkei’s Aesthetics in the Art of Chanoyu.” Chanoyu Quarterly 1, no. 4 (1970): 16–28.
Muromachi Tales
Araki, James T. “Bunshō sōshi: The Tale of Bunshō, the Saltmaker.” Monumenta Nipponica 38, no. 3 (1983): 221–249.
Araki, James T. “Otogi-zōshi and Nara-ehon: A Field of Study in Flux.” Monumenta Nipponica 36 (1981): 1–20.
Childs, Margaret H. “Chigo monogatari: Love Stories or Buddhist Sermons?” Monumenta Nipponica 35 (1980): 127–151.
Childs, Margaret H. “Didacticism in Medieval Short Stories: Hatsuse monogatari and Akimichi.” Monumenta Nipponica 42, no. 3 (1987): 253–288.
Childs, Margaret H. “The Influence of the Buddhist Practice of sange on Literary Form: Revelatory Tales.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 14, no. 1 (1987): 53–66.
Childs, Margaret H. “Kyōgen-kigo: Love Stories as Buddhist Sermons.” Japanese Journal of Religious Studies 12, no. 1 (1985): 91–104.
Childs, Margaret H. Rethinking Sorrow: Revelatory Tales of Late Medieval Japan. Ann Arbor: Center for Japanese Studies, University of Michigan, 1991.
Keene, Donald, trans. “The Three Priests.” In Anthology of Japanese Literature: From the Earliest Era to the Mid-Nineteenth Century, edited by Donald Keene, 322–331. New York: Grove Press, 1955.
Kimbrough, R. Keller. “Little Atsumori and The Tale of the Heike: Fiction as Commentary, and the Significance of a Name.” Proceedings of the Association for Japanese Literary Studies 5 (2004): 325–336.
Mills, Douglas E. “The Tale of the Mouse: Nezumi no sōshi.” Monumenta Nipponica 34, no. 2 (1979): 155–168.
Mulhern, Chieko Irie. “Cinderella and the Jesuits: An Otogi-zōshi Cycle as Christian Literature.” Monumenta Nipponica 34, no. 4 (1979): 409–447.
Mulhern, Chieko Irie. “Otogi-zōshi: Short Stories of the Muromachi Period.” Monumenta Nipponica 29, no. 2 (1974): 181–198.
Putzar, Edward D. “The Tale of Monkey Genji: Sarugenji-zōshi. Translated with an Introduction to Popular Fiction of Medieval Japan.” Monumenta Nipponica 18 (1963): 286–312.
Ruch, Barbara. “Medieval Jongleurs and the Making of a National Literature.” In Japan in the Muromachi Age, edited by John W. Hall and Toyoda Takeshi, 279–309. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
Ruch, Barbara. “The Origins of The Companion Library: An Anthology of Medieval Japanese Stories.” Journal of Asian Studies 30, no. 3 (1971): 593–610.
Skord, Virginia. “Monogusa Tarō: From Rags to Riches and Beyond.” Monumenta Nipponica 44, no. 2 (1989): 171–198.
Skord, Virginia, trans. Tales of Tears and Laughter: Short Fiction of Medieval Japan. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press, 1991.
Steven, Chigusa. “Hachikazuki: A Muromachi Short Story.” Monumenta Nipponica 32 (1977): 303–331.
Popular Linked Verse
Keene, Donald. “The Comic Tradition in Renga.” In Japan in the Muromachi Age, edited by John W. Hall and Toyoda Takeshi, 241–277. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977.
PERMISSIONS
The editor and publisher acknowledge with thanks permission granted to reproduce in his volume the following material. In most cases, revisions were made by the original translator or the editor.
From The Tale of Genji, translated by Edward G. Seidensticker. Copyright © 1976 by Alfred A. Knopf. By permission of the publisher.
From A Collection of Tales from Uji: A Study and Translation of Uji Shūi Monogatari, translated by D. E. Mills. Copyright © 1970 by Cambridge University Press. Reprinted with the permission of Cambridge University Press.
From Essays in Idleness: The Tsurezuregusa of Kenkō, translated by Donald Keene. Copyright © 1967 by Columbia University Press. By permission of the publisher.
From Japanese Literature in Chinese, Vol. 1, translated by Burton Watson. Copyright © 1975 by Columbia University Press. By permission of the publisher.
From The Pillow Book of Sei Shōnagon, translated by Ivan Morris. Copyright © 1967 by Columbia University Press. By permission of the publisher.
From The Confessions of Lady Nijō, translated by Karen Brazell. Copyright © 1973 by Karen Brazell. Used by permission of Doubleday, a division of Random House, Inc.
From Miraculous Stories from the Japanese Buddhist Tradition, translated by Kyoko Nakamura. Copyright © 1973 by Harvard-Yenching Institute. By permission of the publisher.
From Donald Keene, “The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter,” Monumenta Nipponica 11, no. 4 (1956). By permission of Sophia University.
From Jean Moore, “Senjūshō: Buddhist Tales of Renunciation,” Monumenta Nipponica 41, no. 2 (1986). By permission of Sophia University.
From Virginia Skord, “Monogusa Taro: From Rags to Riches and Beyond,” Monumenta Nipponica 44, no. 2 (1989). By permission of Sophia University.
“Lady Aoi,” from Japanese Noh Drama, Vol. 2, translated by Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkōkai. Copyright © 1959 by Nippon Gakujutsu Shinkōkai. By permission of the publisher.
“Atsumori” and “Pining Wind,” from Japanese Nō Drama, translated by Royall Tyler. Copyright © 1992 by Royall Tyler. By permission of Penguin Books.
From Tales of Times Now Past: Sixty-two Stories from a Medieval Japanese Collection, translated by Marian Ury. Copyright © 1979 by University of California Press. By permission of Debra B. Fisher.
From Robert Borgen, Sugawara no Michizane and the Early Heian Court. Copyright © 1994 by University of Hawaii Press. By permission of the publisher and author.
From Kojiki, translated by Donald Philippi. Copyright © 1968 by University of Tokyo Press. By permission of the publisher.
INDEX
Page numbers
refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abutsu, Nun, Diary of the Sixteenth Night Moon, 382
Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut, An (Hōjōki; Kamo no Chōmei), 7, 140, 249, 312–25, 398
Account of the New Monkey Music, An (Shinsarugakuki; Fujiwara no Akihira), 248
Aesop’s Fables, 411
aesthetics, 5–8, 138n.124; of aware, 79, 251–52, 290.14, 397, 399n.169; of haikai, 298n.28, 522; of nō, 412, 415, 434, 487; of renga, 498, 499, 501n.148; sabi/wabi, 307n.52, 411, 498; and sociality, 5–6, 140. See also attachment; impermanence; poetic topics
agriculture, 38, 73; and private estates, 68, 412
Akazome’emon, 139
Akebono (Saionji Sanekane), 383, 384, 385n.150, 388n.155
Akihira Letters (Meigō ōrai; Fujiwara no Akihira), 248
Akutagawa Ryūnosuke, 274, 330
allusive variation (honkadori), 129, 290n.15, 294–95, 308n.55
Amaterasu (Sun Goddess), 42, 132n.106; in anecdotes, 338, 340; in Kojiki, 13–15, 18–22; in Sarashina Diary, 228, 234–35, 239, 246
Amida Buddha, 254, 281, 327n.108, 328n.110, 403, 443n.47, 452, 521; and Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut, 320, 324; original vow of, 470; in Sarashina Diary, 237n.260, 246; in Shinkokinshū, 294n.25; in Tales of the Heike, 356–57, 377, 381. See also nenbutsu; Pure Land Buddhism
anagrammatic (mono no na) poems, 297
Analects (Rongo; Lunyu; Confucius), 249n.299, 523n.206
anecdotes (setsuwa), 5, 8, 9, 274, 328–43, 382; anthologies of, 260–61, 448; and Buddhism, 112, 283, 284, 324, 328, 338–43, 449; and Essays in Idleness, 397–98; in Heian period, 71–73, 507; in Kamakura period, 282, 328–43; and monogatari, 112, 251, 328–29; in Muromachi period, 413, 448, 489, 507; and otogi-zōshi, 329, 411, 507; and warrior tales, 328, 343–46. See also Collection of Sand and Pebbles; Collection of Tales from Uji; Collection of Tales of Times Now Past; Collection of Things Written and Heard in Past and Present; Illustration of the Three Jewels; Record of Miraculous Events in Japan; Tales of Awakening; Tales of Renunciation
anthologies: of anecdotes, 260–61, 448; of early poetry, 1–2, 11, 33; haikai in, 522, 523; in Heian period, 69, 128, 507; in Kamakura period, 282; in Muromachi period, 413, 500; of renga, 410, 499–506, 526; of waka, 69; and women writers, 70–71
anthologies, imperial waka (chokusenshū): in Heian period, 69, 72, 78, 83–84, 91, 507; in Kamakura period, 282, 313, 383, 396; in Muromachi period, 413, 500, 502. See also Gosenshū; Goshūishū; Kin’yōshū; Kokinshū; Senzaishū; Shinkokinshū; Shinzokukokinshū; Shūishū
Anthology of Literature (Wen xuan; Monzen), 34, 248
Antoku (emperor), in Tales of the Heike, 346–48, 369, 375, 377
Arakida Moritake, 522–23, 526
aristocracy: and Buddhism, 7, 280, 281, 312, 412; and Chinese writing, 12, 35; in Heian period, 2, 5–6, 67, 114, 129, 162, 163, 249, 397; in Kamakura period, 278–84, 328; in late Heian period, 71–73, 251–52; and monogatari, 112–13, 251; in Muromachi period, 411, 413, 464, 465; in Nara period, 3; and nō, 415; in Northern and Southern Courts period, 410, 487, 507, 508; and renga, 498, 502; vs. samurai culture, 412; women of, 2, 69–71, 139–40, 162. See also imperial court
Ariwara no Motokata, 92, 96
Ariwara no Narihira, 3, 69–71, 78n.16, 81n.23, 92n.41, 222n.215; death poem of, 352n.129; in Kokinshū, 108; legends of, 128, 129; and Shinkokinshū, 304nn. 44–45, 306n.48, 311n.59; and Tales of Ise, 128–29, 130n.100, 133–36, 304n.44
Ariwara no Yukihira, 135–36, 467nn.101–2; in Pining Wind, 449–64
Ashikaga (Muromachi) bakufu, 279, 409–13, 487
Ashikaga clan, 279, 344, 396, 410, 411–12
Ashikaga Takauji, 345, 409
Ashikaga Yoshiaki, 279, 410
Ashikaga Yoshimasa, 411
Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, 411, 414
Ashikaga Yoshimochi, 411
Ashikaga Yoshinori, 415
Asuka (capital), 37, 39, 42, 44, 47, 50, 51, 60
Asuka (princess), 57–59
At the Hawk’s Well (play; Yeats), 423
Ataka (nō play; Kanze Kojirō Nobumitsu), 415, 416
Atsumori (nō play; Zeami), 7, 419, 420, 464–74
attachment, 6–8, 64, 271, 338; in nō, 415, 446, 450, 459, 479n.120, 485n.136; and Saigyō, 285, 287n.8, 294n.25
autumn: in Kokinshū, 98–104; in Man’yōshū, 38–39, 44, 46, 55–58; Saigyō on, 286n.3, 287, 288n.8, 290–91, 293n.24. See also Shinkokinshū; Tsukuba Collection
Avalokitesvara. See Kannon
Avatamsaka (Flower Wreath) Sutra (Kegon-kyō), 323n.97
avatars (gongen), 110n.96, 228n.238, 269n.322, 510. See also original ground and manifestation
“Avatars of Kumano, The” (Kumano gongen no koto), 283
aware (pathos), 79, 251, 290n.14, 397, 399n.169
Azuchi-Momoyama period, 279, 409–11
bakufu (military government). See Ashikaga bakufu; Kamakura bakufu
ballad drama (kōwakamai), 280, 329, 347, 411. See also sermon ballads
Bashō (Matsuo Bashō), 307n.52; Oku no hosomichi, 292n.20
binary measures (tsuiku), 34–35, 40, 44, 57
biwa (lute), 8, 173, 320, 321, 393
biwa hōshi (blind lute minstrels), 8, 345, 346–47, 413
Bo Juyi (Hakurakuten, Hakkyoi), 250, 342n.122; and Account of a Ten-Foot-Square Hut, 321nn.88,90, 322n.92; in Confessions of Lady Nijō, 394n.165; in Essays in Idleness, 404n.195; on fiction, 257, 258; in nō, 425n.10; in Pillow Book, 159n.154; and Sarashina Diary, 229n.240; “Song of Everlasting Sorrow,” 229, 394n.165
Bo Juyi’s Collected Works (Hakushi monjū; Boshi wenji), 258n.302, 296
bodhisattvas, 257, 328, 362, 381, 425n.9, 433, 439n.35. See also Fugen; Kannon; Mañjuśurī
Bon Festival, 402n.183
Book of Yotsugi’s Mirror, The (Yotsugi no kagami no maki). See Great Mirror
Buaku (kyōgen play), 488, 489
Buddhism: and anecdotes, 112, 283, 284, 324, 328, 338–43, 449; and aristocracy, 7, 280, 281, 312, 412; from China, 6, 260, 281–82, 412; in Collection of Tales of Times Now Past, 260, 261, 264n.317, 268–74; and commoners, 281–83; concepts from, 6–8, 73, 79, 261, 284, 324n.99, 429n.16, 430n.22; criticism of fiction in, 257–60, 284; in Edo period, 7, 328; and exorcism, 432n.26; in Heian period, 71–78, 249, 268–74; hymns of, 281, 283; and Japanese language, 261, 283, 313; in Kamakura period, 281–84, 313, 398, 402n.181; in Kokinshū, 90, 109n.93, 110n.96; literature of, 6–8, 71, 72–78, 268–74, 281–84, 313, 328–43; Mahayana, 268, 323n.97, 441n.44; in monogatari, 8, 112–14; in Muromachi period, 410–13, 415, 433, 508, 509; and nō, 283, 284, 415, 476; in Okura, 61, 64; and otogi-zōshi, 282–84, 507–9; and pilgrimages, 382, 413; and renga, 502; and Saigyō, 284, 285, 286n.3, 288n.8, 289n.12, 290n.14, 292n.21; in Shinkokinshū, 297, 307n.53; and Shinto, 110n.96, 338, 477n.115, 502; and storytelling, 8, 73, 283–84, 330, 345, 413; and Tale of Genji, 164, 170; and waka, 109n.93, 110n.96, 284, 412; and warrior tales, 280, 284, 345, 346. See also attachment; dharma; enlightenment; impermanence; Jishū Buddhism; karma; Pure Land Buddhism; Shakyamuni Buddha; Shingon Buddhism; Tendai Buddhism; Zen Buddhism
Buddhist law (dharma), 328, 342. See also mappō
Bunka shūreishū (Chinese poetry and prose collection), 72
bussokuseki-ka (Buddhist stone poem), 34
calendar, 12, 92n.40, 93n.44, 100n.64, 299n.29
calligraphy, 103n.77, 136n.120, 225n.225, 226, 228, 403n.193, 404. See also writing
Chan Buddhism. See Zen Buddhism
chanting, 8, 9
cherry blossoms: in Kokinshū, 93n.44, 94n.47, 95, 96, 101n.70, 109n.93; and renga, 502; and Saigyō, 285, 287, 288, 289nn.10–11,13; in Tales of Ise, 133–34
chigo (temple acolytes), 508, 525n.212
Chikamatsu Mon’zaemon, 7, 9
children: poems on, 84–85; as temple acolytes, 508, 525n.212
China: in ancient period, 11, 44, 59, 61; Buddhism from, 260, 281, 412; capitals of, 3
9–40; in Collection of Tales of Times Now Past, 260, 266–68; culture of, 83, 87, 222n.217; dynasties of, 61, 266n.318, 412; emperors of, 249, 266–68; history in, 103n.78, 344; and Japanese capitals, 39–40; Japanese travelers to, 61; threat of invasion from, 74n.3
Chinese–Japanese style writing (wakan konkōbun), 72, 261, 313, 344
Chinese language: in ancient period, 2, 12, 35; and anecdotes, 329; classical, 11, 83; in Heian period, 68–73, 83–84, 89; male vs. female use of, 70, 71. See also kanbun; kanshi; writing: Chinese
Chinese literature (bun; wen), 12, 68, 113, 330, 397; and Heian literati, 248; and Michizane, 83–85, 87. See also specific authors and works
chōka (long poems), 3, 61; by Hitomaro, 40, 44, 52; in Man’yōshū, 5, 34
Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns, A (Jinnō shōtōki; Kitabatake Chikafusa), 281, 410
Chronicle of Great Peace. See Taiheiki
Chronicles of Japan. See Nihon shoki
Chronicles of Japan Continued. See Shoku Nihongi
Chūjōhime (Chūjōhime no honji), 509
civil service examinations, 83, 86n.34
Clam’s Tale, The (Hamaguri no sōshi), 509
class, 162; and anecdotes, 330; and gekokujō period, 414, 488, 508, 509–10. See also aristocracy; commoners; governors, provincial; samurai
Clear Mirror, The (Masukagami), 4, 278–79, 383, 410
Collection of Ancient and Modern Poems. See Kokinshū
Collection of Priest Kenkō (Kenkō hōshi shū), 396
Collection of Sand and Pebbles (Shasekishū; Mujū Ichien), 284, 329, 398, 489
Collection of Tales from Uji, A (Uji shūi monogatari), 328, 329–38
Collection of Tales of Times Now Past (Konjaku monogatari shū), 5, 71–73, 75, 260–77; and anecdotes, 260, 261, 328; Buddhism in, 260, 261, 264n.317, 268–74; Chinese tales in, 260, 266–68; Indian tales in, 260, 261–66; Japanese Buddhist tales in, 268–74; Japanese secular tales in, 274–77; in Kamakura period, 283, 329, 344; in Muromachi period, 413
Collection of the Way of the Gods (Shintoshū), 283
Collection of Things Written and Heard in Past and Present, A (Kokon chomonjū), 75
commoners (jige), 5, 7, 8; and anecdotes, 328, 330; vs. aristocracy, 413; and Buddhism, 281–83; and drama, 413–14, 420, 487, 488; in Heian period, 140, 261; in Kamakura period, 282; literature of, 72–73, 413–14; in Muromachi period, 412, 413; in Northern and Southern Courts period, 410; and otogi-zōshi, 507–10; and private priests, 72–73; and renga, 414, 420; and Tales of the Heike, 346; uprisings by, 488; urban, 345, 413–14, 487, 508
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