by H. W. Brands
10. “Over to EOB to speak”: Diary entry for June 16, 1986.
11. “We talked of our Mideast peace plan”: Diary entry for Feb. 2, 1985.
12. “We will not agree”: Minutes of National Security Planning Group meeting, May 16, 1986, Reagan Library.
13. North had taken between $3 million and $4 million: Tower Commission Report, 53–54.
14. “$12 million will be used”: Report of the Congressional Committees Investigating the Iran-Contra Affair, 199.
15. “I had a feeling”: Tower Commission Report, 54–55.
16. “We didn’t see anything illegal”: Poindexter interview.
CHAPTER 87
1. “The United States attacked Libya”: Gorbachev, Memoirs, 413–14.
2. “It is of course a frame up”: Diary entry for Sept. 3, 1986.
3. “I can give you my personal assurance”: Reagan to Gorbachev, Sept. 4, 1986 (dated Sept. 5 by time of delivery), Reagan Library.
4. “Your letter of September 5”: Gorbachev to Reagan, Sept. 6, 1986, Reagan Library.
5. “Father Potemkin”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 733; Gates, From the Shadows, 366–67.
6. “The CIA has really reamed Daniloff”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 733–34.
7. “The Soviets had done”: Abraham Sofaer interview, Miller Center.
8. “This put a whole new light”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 734.
9. “I went through the facts”: Sofaer interview.
10. “Their man is a spy”: Diary entry for Sept. 12, 1986.
11. “Most of the shows”: Diary entry for Sept. 14, 1986.
12. “The press is obsessed”: Diary entry for Sept. 17, 1986.
13. “I let the Foreign Minister know”: Diary entry for Sept. 19, 1986.
14. “However, the US side”: Gorbachev to Reagan, Sept. 15, 1986, Reagan Library.
CHAPTER 88
1. “a pre-summit planning session”: Briefing book, undated, Reagan Library.
2. “Our SDI research”: Reagan radio address, July 12, 1986.
3. “Our response to demands”: Reagan remarks at White House briefing, Aug. 6, 1986.
4. “reeling toward a summit” et seq.: Washington Post, Oct. 3, 1986.
5. “We go into Reykjavik”: “Gorbachev’s Goals and Tactics at Reykjavik,” undated [Oct. 4, 1986], Reagan Library.
6. “We should take”: Shultz memo to Reagan, Oct. 2, 1986, Reagan Library.
7. “I am convinced”: Anatoly Chernyaev, notes from Politburo session, Sept. 22, 1986, and notes of Gorbachev conversation with assistants, Sept. 29, 1986, Gorbachev Foundation Archive via National Security Archive.
8. “Most likely nothing”: Chernyaev notes on Gorbachev’s instructions to the Reykjavik Preparation Group, Oct. 4, 1986, Gorbachev Foundation Archive via National Security Archive.
9. “The rightists are concerned”: Chernyaev notes from Politburo session, Oct. 8, 1986, Gorbachev Foundation Archive via National Security Archive.
10. “I was nervous”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 338–40, 344.
11. “As usual, Mrs. Reagan”: Regan, For the Record, 335.
12. “After extensive consultations”: Ibid., 383–84.
CHAPTER 89
1. “The Russians are gaining sympathy”: New York Times, Oct. 10, 1986.
2. “We do not confirm or deny”: Washington Post, Oct. 5, 1986.
3. “I would like”: Memorandum of conversation at first Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, Oct. 11, 1986, Reagan Library; transcript of Reagan-Gorbachev summit in Reykjavík, morning of Oct. 11, 1986, Gorbachev Foundation Archive via Foreign Broadcast Information Service FBIS-USR-93-061, May 17, 1993, 1–5.
4. “Whoops, I thought”: Matlock, Reagan and Gorbachev, 220.
5. “You and I cannot allow”: Memorandum of conversation at first Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, Oct. 11, 1986; transcript of Reagan-Gorbachev summit in Reykjavík, morning of Oct. 11, 1986, 1–5.
6. “We are agreeing to a great concession”: Memorandum of conversation at first Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, Oct. 11, 1986; transcript of Reagan-Gorbachev summit in Reykjavík, morning of Oct. 11, 1986, 1–5.
7. “As I listened to you this morning”: Memo of conversation of Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, 3:30–5:40 p.m., Oct. 11, 1986, Reagan Library; transcript of Gorbachev-Reagan talks, afternoon of Oct. 11, 1986, Gorbachev Foundation Archive via Foreign Broadcast Information Service FBIS-USR-93-087, July 12, 1993, 1–6.
CHAPTER 90
1. “Here we have differences”: Memo of conversation, Oct. 12, 1986, 10:00 a.m.–1:35 p.m., Reagan Library; transcript of Reagan-Gorbachev talks, part 3, morning of Oct. 12, 1986, Gorbachev Foundation Archive via Foreign Broadcast Information Service FBIS-USR-93-113, Aug. 30, 1993, 1–11.
CHAPTER 91
1. “Our position offers”: Memo of conversation, Oct. 12, 1986, 3:25–4:30 and 5:30–6:50 p.m. (memo dated Oct. 16, 1986), Reagan Library; transcript of Gorbachev-Reagan talks, part 4, Oct. 12, 1986, Gorbachev Foundation Archive via Foreign Broadcast Information Service FBIS-USR-93-121, Sept. 20, 1993, 2–8.
CHAPTER 92
1. “Oh, shit!”: Matlock, Reagan and Gorbachev, 233.
2. “We have kept you a long time”: Memo of conversation, Oct. 12, 1986, 3:25–4:30 and 5:30–6:50 p.m.; transcript of Gorbachev-Reagan talks, part 4, Oct. 12, 1986, 2–8.
3. “Am I wrong?”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 773.
CHAPTER 93
1. “I was worried about his health”: Larry Speakes, Speaking Out (1988), 142.
2. “Reagan was somber”: Regan, For the Record, 392.6
3. “There is going to be no statement!”: Speakes, Speaking Out, 142–43.
4. “Buck up, Mr. President”: Regan, For the Record, 392–94.
5. “Mr. Gorbachev, leaning forward”: New York Times, Oct. 13, 1986.
6. “only a madman”: Ibid.
7. “For much of the way”: Regan, For the Record, 392–94.
8. “Thank you all”: Reagan remarks at Keflavík, Oct. 12, 1986.
9. “Gorbachev took a very high-stakes”: Gates, From the Shadows, 407.
10. “I felt crushed”: Matlock, Reagan and Gorbachev, 237–38.
11. “Given the present state”: Washington Post, Oct. 14, 1986.
12. “History will show”: Shultz to Jacalyn Stein, Oct. 13, 1986, George Shultz Papers, Reagan Library.
13. “Without SDI”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 775.
14. “We had to wage a struggle”: Working notes of session of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Oct. 14, 1986, Volkogonov Collection via National Security Archive, Library of Congress.
CHAPTER 94
1. “As long as Iran”: New York Times, Nov. 5, 1986.
2. “Usual meetings”: Diary entry for Nov. 7, 1986.
3. “Mr. President”: Reagan remarks and informal exchange with reporters, Nov. 7, 1986.
4. “My God, Mr. President”: Regan, For the Record, 29.
5. “It was an emotional”: Diary entry for Nov. 7, 1986.
6. “Don, you heard”: Regan, For the Record, 30.
7. “The Saturday night”: Diary entry for Nov. 8–9, 1986.
8. “He’s not going to talk”: Regan, For the Record, 30.
9. “Subject: the press storm”: Diary entry for Nov. 10, 1986.
10. “Some of those men”: Regan, For the Record, 34.
11. “This whole irresponsible press bilge”: Diary entry for Nov. 12, 1986.
12. “I know you’ve been reading”: Reagan address, Nov. 13, 1986.
13. “The president’s speech”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 816, 819.
14. Los Angeles Times poll: Los Angeles Times, Nov. 18, 1986.
15. “Will there be any more”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 822–23.
CHAPTER 95
1. “Eighteen months ago”: Reagan news conference, Nov. 19, 1986.
CHAPTER 96
1. “They were out for b
lood”: Diary entry for Nov. 19, 1986.
2. “disastrous”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 827.
3. “If some malicious Merlin”: Wall Street Journal, Nov. 13, 1986.
4. “a great many factual errors”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 831.
5. “There may be some misunderstanding”: Reagan statement, Nov. 19, 1986.
6. had been told this by John Poindexter: Regan, For the Record, 36.
7. “The content of our discussion”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 832.
8. “A touchy meeting”: Diary entry for Nov. 20, 1986.
9. “We had an NSC briefing”: Diary entry for Nov. 21, 1986.
10. “Big thing of the day”: Diary entry for Nov. 24, 1986.
11. “The president, in person”: Regan, For the Record, 42–43.
12. “I’m sorry it’s come to this”: Ibid., 45–47.
13. “And this report led me”: Reagan remarks, Nov. 25, 1986.
14. “In the course”: New York Times, Nov. 26, 1986.
CHAPTER 97
1. “Ronnie can be too trusting”: Michael K. Deaver, Nancy: A Portrait of My Years with Nancy Reagan (2004), 99.
2. “I think it’s the eternal optimist”: Ibid.
3. “I’ll never forget”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 317–22.
4. “As revelation followed revelation”: Regan, For the Record, 47–48.
5. “Without stretching things”: Ibid., 61.
6. “Longtime Reagan Advisers”: Los Angeles Times, Dec. 13, 1986.
7. “There is a bitter bile”: Time, Dec. 8, 1986.
8. “So far, only two”: Regan, For the Record, 59.
9. “Stu Spencer dropped by”: Diary entry for Dec. 17, 1986.
10. “Have to begin thinking”: Diary entry for Dec. 22, 1986.
11. “With Casey in the hospital”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 323.
12. “It seemed unwise”: Regan, For the Record, 73–74.
13. “Ronnie and I”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 323.
14. “Just before Christmas”: Regan, For the Record, 74.
15. “An informed source”: Washington Post, Dec. 6, 1986.
16. “There was some tension”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 324.
CHAPTER 98
1. “I was furious”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 326.
2. “I talked with Ronnie”: Ibid., 327.
3. “Are you going to fire Regan”: Reagan exchange with reporters, Feb. 18, 1987.
4. “That’s a pretty broad hint”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 328.
5. “Don, why don’t you”: Regan, For the Record, 107.
6. “Were you surprised?”: Lou Cannon, President Reagan (1991), 709–10.
7. “In trying to recall”: Tower Commission Report, 29.
8. “The president’s management style”: Ibid., 79.
9. “More than almost any”: Ibid., 81.
10. “It’s not a bad idea”: Diary entry for Feb. 26, 1987.
11. “I’m too mad”: Regan, For the Record, 416.
12. “He was understandably angry”: Diary entry for Feb. 27, 1987.
13. “In my time”: Regan, For the Record, 417.
14. “That night”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 333.
CHAPTER 99
1. “For the past 3 months”: Reagan address, March 4, 1987.
2. 85 percent: Washington Post, March 11, 1987.
3. “The speech was exceptionally”: Diary entry for March 4, 1987.
CHAPTER 100
1. “Nancy and I are saddened”: Reagan statement, Oct. 2, 1985.
2. “He had been to a White House dinner”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 281.
3. “Called Rock Hudson”: Diary entry for July 24, 1985.
4. Patti Davis … later said: New York Times, April 3, 2013.
5. “They have declared war”: Randy Shilts, And the Band Played On: Politics, People, and the AIDS Epidemic (2007 ed.), 311.
6. “AIDS is God’s judgment”: John C. Purdy, God with a Human Face (1993), 38.
7. “I think they do”: Los Angeles Times, March 6, 1980.
8. “Mr. President”: Reagan news conference, Sept. 17, 1985.
9. “high priority”: Reagan message transmitting fiscal year 1987 budget, Feb. 5, 1986.
10. “One of our highest public health priorities”: Reagan remarks, Feb. 5, 1986.
11. “AIDS is clearly”: Reagan statement, May 4, 1987.
12. “Fundraisers always remind me”: Reagan remarks, May 31, 1987.
13. “I am outraged and depressed”: Los Angeles Times, June 3, 1987.
14. “Well received”: Diary entry for May 31, 1987.
CHAPTER 101
1. “Judge Bork, widely regarded”: Reagan remarks, July 1, 1987.
2. “Robert Bork’s America”: New York Times, July 5, 1987.
3. “Unless he can demonstrate”: New York Times, July 2, 1987.
4. “Some talk about Bork”: Diary entry for July 2, 1987.
5. “We’ll get Bork confirmed”: Diary entry for July 6, 1987.
6. “The president had high confidence”: Baker interview, Miller Center.
7. “Beginning with Brown v. Board”: Washington Post, Sept. 20, 1987.
8. “It would really be preposterous”: Washington Post, Sept. 17 and 19, 1987.
9. “Over my dead body”: Diary entry for Oct. 5, 1987.
10. “Mr. President, fifty-one senators”: Reagan exchange with reporters, Oct. 8, 1987.
11. “Judge Bork and I agree”: Washington Post, Oct. 14, 1987.
12. “I assured them”: Diary entry for Oct. 15, 1987.
13. “We want Bork!”: Washington Post, Oct. 14, 1987.
14. “By selecting Judge Ginsburg”: Reagan remarks, Oct. 29, 1987.
15. “It was a brief thing”: Diary entry for Nov. 5, 1987.
16. “I told him”: Diary entry for Nov. 7, 1987.
17. “FBI check on Judge Kennedy”: Diary entry for Nov. 11, 1987.
18. “They didn’t lay a glove”: Diary entry for Dec. 16, 1987.
CHAPTER 102
1. “The financial market”: Diary entry for June 6, 1983.
2. “I think we’ll reappoint”: Diary entry for June 7, 1983.
3. “Lew Lehrman came by”: Diary entry for Feb. 23, 1984.
4. “The Fed has pulled the string”: Diary entry for Oct. 31, 1984.
5. “We’re going to see”: Diary entry for March 16, 1987.
6. “We’ve had a miraculous”: Reagan news conference, June 11, 1987.
7. “I couldn’t help”: Alan Greenspan, The Age of Turbulence (2007), 102–6.
8. “Are we headed”: Reagan exchange with reporters, Oct. 19, 1987.
9. “We met with Reagan”: Greenspan, Age of Turbulence, 109.
10. “Are you willing”: Reagan remarks and question-and-answer session, Oct. 20, 1987.
CHAPTER 103
1. “It was in many ways”: American Life, 693–94.
2. “Dick and I buried ourselves”: Diary entry for Oct. 17, 1987.
3. “I looked up”: American Life, 694–95.
4. “I came home”: Diary entry for Oct. 26, 1987.
5. “Upon arrival”: Diary entry for Oct. 27, 1987.
6. “Friends from all over the country”: Diary entry for Oct. 31, 1987.
CHAPTER 104
1. “Margaret Thatcher came down”: Matlock interview.
2. “There was a real point”: Thatcher, Downing Street Years, 586–87.
3. “As usual”: Diary entry for June 9, 1987.
4. “But Reagan was tough”: Baker interview, Miller Center.
5. “General Secretary Gorbachev”: Reagan address in Berlin, June 12, 1987.
6. “In the best tradition”: Gorbachev, Memoirs, 439.
7. “Whatever the arguments”: Ibid., 443–44.
8. “I realized”: Ibid., 440.
9. “Now we must finish”: Minutes of National Security Planning Group meeting, Sept. 8, 1987, Reagan Library.
1. “He was upbeat”: Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, 1008–9.
2. “A good rousing meeting”: Diary entry for Dec. 8, 1987.
3. “Mr. President, you are not a prosecutor”: Gorbachev, Memoirs, 447.
4. “I enjoyed the debate”: American Life, 698.
5. “This ceremony”: Reagan remarks at INF Treaty signing, Dec. 8, 1987.
6. “It is not armaments”: Memorandum of conversation, president’s meeting with Gorbachev, 2:30–3:15 p.m., Dec. 8, 1987, Reagan Library.
7. “It would develop a response”: Memorandum of conversation, 10:55 a.m.–12:35 p.m., Dec. 9, 1987, Reagan Library.
CHAPTER 106
1. “Raisa and I”: Nancy Reagan, My Turn, 346–48.
2. “When I saw you on television”: Ibid., 350.
3. “During those days”: Gorbachev, Memoirs, 448–49.
4. “Hello, I’m glad”: Washington Post, Dec. 11, 1987.
5. “Today, hundreds of millions”: Gorbachev, Memoirs, 449.
6. “I think the whole thing”: Diary entry for Dec. 10, 1987.
CHAPTER 107
1. “First talk was about”: Diary entry for March 17, 1988.
2. “The media are behaving”: Diary entry for May 3, 1988.
3. “A short meeting”: Diary entry for May 4, 1988.
4. “Mr. President, will you continue”: Reagan remarks, May 9, 1988.
5. Joan Quigley: Los Angeles Times, May 11, 1988.
6. “She certainly has”: Los Angeles Times, May 10, 1988.
7. “Are you denying”: Reagan remarks and question-and-answer session, May 17, 1988.
8. “They’re all Aquarians”: Los Angeles Times, May 10, 1988.
CHAPTER 108
1. “Your former chief of staff”: Reagan interview, May 19, 1988.