by Dan Jones
Gaveston, Piers: appearance, 359; banished by Edward I, 352, 360; burial, 387–8, 595; capture, 374–5; career, 359, 360; character, 359, 368; daughter, 373; death, 376–7, 381, 390, 551; earldom of Cornwall, 360–1, 367, 373, 449, 451; Edward II’s coronation, 363–5, 367; excommunication, 365, 367, 374, 377, 387; exile, 365–6, 372–3; marriage, 360; Ponthieu county issue, 357; popular anger against, 367–8; Regent of England, 361; relationship with Edward II, 351, 359–60, 363–4, 367, 542; return from exile, 367–8, 373
Gawain poet, 504, 601
Geoffrey, archbishop of York, 124–7
Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, son of Henry II: birth, 49; character, 102; conflict with father, 102; death, 104–5, 125, 142; duchy of Brittany, 102, 104; heirs, 106, 125, 142, 150; inheritance, 102, 104; Le Mans meeting, 102; marriage, 75, 91; peace terms with father, 91; rebellion against father, 83–6; relationship with Philip II, 104–5
Geoffrey le Baker, 359, 420, 459
Geoffrey Fitz Peter, 152, 182
Geoffrey de Mandeville, earl of Essex, 206, 211
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 297–8
Geoffrey of Norwich, 199
Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou: appearance and character, 11; claim to Norman border castles, 15–16; death, 25; disinherited by Stephen, 14; duke of Normandy, 19; family background, 12; knighted, 11; marriage, 11–12; Normandy campaigns, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23–4, 139; sons, 12, 15, 18, 20, 23–4, 25
Geoffrey Plantagenet the Younger (son of above): childhood, 15, 20; count of Nantes, 52; death, 52; Eleanor kidnap plans, 29–30, 31; rebellions against brother, 37, 51–2, 263
George, St: banner of, 490, 596, 598; battle cry, 491, 594; cross of, 490, 573, 598; cult of, 559, 594, 595–6; feast day, 313, 485, 488, 489, 500; Garter order, 489, 500, 595; on great seal, 490
Gerald of Wales, 23, 46, 80, 102, 108, 308
Gerard de Furneval, 184
Germany, king of, 332, 341, 345
Gervase of Canterbury, 40, 85, 107, 155, 157
Gesta Stephani (The Acts of Stephen): on end of civil war, 36; on Eustace, 38; on Malmesbury defence, 32; on mercenaries, 34; on Stephen’s accession, 15; on Stephen’s appointment of successor, 39; on Stephen’s destruction of countryside, 20
Ghent, 345, 452–3, 455–6, 457
Gisors, castle, 133, 140, 144, 145
Glamorgan, lordship of, 396, 404
Glanvill, Ranulf, 137, 181
Glastonbury, tomb of Arthur, 239, 298, 304, 442
Gloucester: abbey, 219, 427–8, 561, 595; capture (1321), 398; council (1234), 233–4; siege (1264), 283
Gloucester, duke of, see Thomas of Woodstock
Gloucester, earldom, 396, 404
Gloucester, earls of, see Audley (Hugh the younger), de Clare (Gilbert), de Clare (Richard), Despenser (Thomas), Robert (earl of Gloucester)
Godwin, Earl, 234
Gower, John, 504, 558, 570, 601
Gower, lordship, 396–7, 404
Graçay, 156
Gray, John de, bishop of Norwich, 188
Gray, Sir Thomas, 384
Gray, Sir Thomas (son of above), 440
Great War (1173–4), 86, 91, 93–4, 96–8, 124, 599
Grim, Edward, 67, 71
Gruffudd ap Gwenwynwyn, 307
Gruffudd Llwyd, 399, 414
Guala Bicchieri, Cardinal, 215, 220, 221, 224
Guines, peace talks (1354), 494–5, 497
Gurdon, Adam, 285
Gurney, Sir Thomas, 427
Guthred MacWilliam, 197
Guy of Flanders, 453
Hagenau, palace of, 131
Hagnaby chronicle, 333
Hainault, count of, 413, 426, 455
Hales, treasurer, 536–7
Halidon Hill, battle (1333), 446, 474, 597
Harclay, Sir Andrew, earl of Carlisle, 400, 403, 405, 449
Harlech castle, 312
Harold Godwinsson, 234
Harwich, town charter (1238), 600
Hastings, John, earl of Pembroke, 519
Hastings, Laurence, earl of Pembroke, 408
Hatfield, Thomas, bishop of Durham, 472
Hattin, battle (1187), 110
Hawarden castle, 306
Haxey, Thomas, 564–5
Henry, count of Champagne, 129
Henry, earl of Lancaster, brother of Thomas: capture of Edward II and Despenser, 416; Edward II’s abdication, 420; Edward II’s coronation, 363; knighting of Edward III, 422; opposition to Isabella and Mortimer, 429, 430, 468; restoration of family lands and titles, 423; support for Isabella and Mortimer, 415
Henry Grosmont, earl of Lancaster, duke of Lancaster: Avignon peace negotiations, 495; Becket relics, 589; death, 508; earl of Derby, 451; finances, 461; French campaign (1359–60), 499; Garter order, 487; Gascony campaigns, 471, 472–3, 477, 491; lieutenant of Aquitaine, 471; Normandy campaign (1356), 496; opponents, 511; Scottish campaign (1333–7), 446, 447; titles, 472–3, 546; tournaments, 485; Winchelsea sea battle (1350), 492
Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, 10, 73
Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 117, 131, 132, 134, 139, 144
Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor, 362
Henry I, king of England and duke of Normandy: accession, 15; character, 23; Charter of Liberties, 210, 235; children, 3–4, 10, 73; coronation, 210; death, 13–14; reign, 9–10, 16; son William’s death in the White Ship, 7–8; succession, 4–5, 8, 10–12, 14–15, 21; tomb, 49
Henry II, king of England and duke of Normandy: accession, 40; aims of his reign, 94; appearance and character, 22–3, 39, 45–6, 151, 160; arrival in England (1149), 22, 24–5; Arthur legend, 239, 298; Ballan peace terms (1189), 108, 109; Becket appointment as archbishop, 63–4; Becket murder, 78–9, 89; Becket relationship, 58, 60, 62, 63–70, 72, 76–8; birth, 12; brother Geoffrey’s rebellions, 37, 51–2; career, 37; castles, 94–5; Charter of Liberties, 210; childhood, 15, 18, 20–1, 22; children, 45, 47, 48–9, 73, 83–4, 124, 480; claim to English throne, 24; Compromise of Avranches, 80–1; conflict with son Henry, 101–3; conquests, 169; coronation, 45; coronation charter, 45, 50; court, 46–7, 60–1, 93–4; death, 108, 109; death of son Geoffrey, 104–5; death of son Henry, 103; duke of Normandy, 25; education, 22, 45; father’s death, 25; finances, 67; government, 49–50, 96–8, 138, 181, 183, 214; Great War (1173–4), 86, 91, 93–4, 96–8, 124, 599; heir to Stephen, 39; homage to Louis VII for Normandy, 25, 52, 57, 156, 263; horsemanship, 24, 46–7; invasion of England (1147), 23; Irish campaign, 79–80, 599; king of England, 40–1; kingship, 560; knighted, 25; languages, 45, 600; Le Mans meeting, 102; marriage, 26, 30–1, 506; mercenary forces, 23, 33–4, 87, 88, 91; Normandy estates policy, 177; old age, 100, 107–8; peace terms with sons, 91; peace terms with Stephen, 36, 37–40, 51; penance for Becket’s death, 89–90, 596; plot against, 40; rebellions of Plantagenet family against him, 82–92, 107–8, 124; relationship with Church, 63–70, 77–9, 80–1, 88; relationship with Philip II, 105–8; Scottish achievements, 92, 598–9; supporters, 33, 34–5, 87–8; territories, 74–6; tomb, 174; Toulouse campaign, 54–8, 302, 597; training in warfare, 23–4; treatment of rebels, 284; warfare, 182, 597; Welsh campaigns, 53, 56; will, 99
Henry III, king of England: accession, 219; aims, 226, 250, 254; appearance, 236, 245, 247, 357; artistic patronage, 236–7; birth, 186; character, 219–20, 231, 234, 265–6; children, 241, 255, 263; coinage, 244, 251, 266, 316; confrontation with barons (1258), 258–60; coronations, 219, 225, 427–8; crusading plans, 254–5; cult of Edward the Confessor, 234–5, 236, 241, 246, 266, 298; death, 293; Evesham battle, 280, 281; favourites, 252–3, 258; finances, 243, 250–2, 254–6; French invasion (1216–17), 220–3; government, 230–4, 262–3, 271–2; homage to Louis IX, 263–4, 453; homage to pope, 220; invasions of France (1229, 1230), 230; minority, 527, 531; motto, 250–1; old age, 265–7; piety, 219, 234–5, 236, 244–7, 263, 266, 288, 584; Poitou expedition, 243, 248; Provisions of Oxford, 261–2; puppet king, 275, 276; relationship with barons, 252–3, 258–62; relationship with Simon de Montfort,
239–40, 242–3, 248–50; Sicilian project, 254, 255–7; territories, 264; tomb, 427; treatment of Jews, 320, 321; treatment of rebels, 284, 285, 287; vision of kingship, 246–7, 254, 266; war against Simon de Montfort, 272–4; Westminster presentation of blood of Christ, 244–7
Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke), king of England: accession, 586–7, 589–90, 591, 592; Appellant revolt, 552, 553, 554, 555, 568, 569, 571, 579; banished by Richard II, 574, 576, 578–9, 591; claim to throne, 591–2; coronation, 587, 589; deposition of Richard II, 585–7, 591, 592; exile in France, 577–8; father’s death, 577; imprisonment of Richard II, 583; invasion of England, 580–1; Lancaster inheritance, 577; Lancaster inheritance confiscated by Richard II, 578–9; Mowbray dispute, 571–2, 576; Peasants’ Revolt, 533, 537, 579; plot against, 590; Richard II’s death, 591; Richard II’s surrender, 581–2; sentence of perpetual banishment, 578, 591; supporters, 580, 581, 583; titles, 569; trial by battle, 571, 572–4
Henry V, king of England, 222, 590, 594, 595, 598
Henry VI, king of England, 594
Henry VII, king of England, 592
Henry VIII, king of England, 61, 592, 596
Henry I, king of Navarre, 371
Henry, son of Edward I, 289, 313
Henry (the Young King), son of Henry II: appearance and character, 82–3, 101, 102, 103; betrothal, 53–4, 59; birth, 47, 49; conflict with father, 101–3; coronations, 78, 82–3, 100; death, 103; education, 64; heart, 147; inheritance, 74, 83; king designate, 63, 74, 78, 100; Le Mans meeting, 102; marriage, 82; peace terms with father, 91; rebellion against father, 83–6, 91; receives homage (1162, 1163), 74; war with father, 103
Henry of Almain, 274–5, 276, 286, 288, 290
Henry of Blois, bishop of Winchester, 15, 16, 18, 34, 38, 51
Henry of Huntingdon: on Eleanor’s marriage to Henry, 31; on Henry I’s corpse, 13; on Henry II, 41; on Matilda, 15; on Stephen’s army mutiny, 33; on Stephen’s peace negotiations with Henry, 36, 38, 39; on White Ship, 7, 8
Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, 74, 94, 102, 132, 144
Henry of Monmouth, son of Henry of Bolingbroke, 579
Henry of Trastámara, 511, 512, 513, 515
Herbert of Bosham, 47, 70, 76–7
Hereford, duke of, see Henry IV (Henry of Bolingbroke)
Hereford, Henry de Bohun, 1st earl of, 211
Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd earl of, 300
Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 3rd earl of, 343, 344, 347, 348, 358
Hereford, Humphrey de Bohun, 4th earl of: captured at Bannockburn, 385; civil war, 394, 398–400; contrariant, 398; death, 400; dispute with Despensers, 396–7; at Gaveston’s burial, 388; Gaveston’s capture and death, 375, 376; Gaveston’s return, 368; Gower dispute, 396; opposition to Edward II, 365, 398; pardoned by Edward II, 382; Scottish campaign, 383, 384–5; support for Edward II, 391–2
Hertford, earls of, see de Clare Higden, Ranulph, 358
Holland, John I, count of, 341
Holland, William I, count of, 206
Holland, John, earl of Huntingdon, duke of Exeter: appeal of treason against Gloucester, Arundel and Warwick, 567; capture and trial, 581; death, 590; Lancastrian lands awarded to, 578; Peasants’ Revolt, 533, 536; rebellion, 590; titles, 569
Holland, Sir Thomas, 485–6, 506
Holland, Thomas, earl of Kent, 533, 536
Holland, Thomas (son of above), earl of Kent, duke of Surrey: appeal of treason against Gloucester, Arundel and Warwick, 567; capture and trial, 581; death, 590; Lancastrian lands awarded to, 578; licence to use treason laws, 575; rebellion, 590; titles, 569
Honorius IV, Pope, 320
Hospitaller knights, 99, 113
Houghton, Adam, bishop of St David’s, 528
Hugh III, king of Jerusalem, 292
Hugh Capet, king of France, 454
Hugh of Nonant, 126
Hugh de Puisat, bishop of Durham, 114
Huguzon, Cardinal, 93–4
Hundred Rolls inquiries, 294–5
Hundred Years War, 453, 455–6, 474, 477, 594, 598
Huntingdon, earldom of, 53, 328, 451
Huntingdon, Sir Guichard d’Angle, earl of, 513, 518, 531
Huntingdon, John Holland, earl of, see Holland
Huntingdon, William Clinton, earl of, 436, 450–1, 488
Innocent III, Pope: annulment of Magna Carta, 215; crusades, 145, 155; dispute with John, 187–90, 199, 203; peace with John, 204; support for John, 209–10; support for Richard I, 154
Innocent IV, Pope, 240, 255
Interdict crisis, 187–90
Ireland: aid for Edward I, 307; Arthur’s rule, 598; Briouze family, 192, 193; Edward III’s invasion plans, 444, 445; exiles in, 193, 555; Gaveston’s lieutenancy, 366, 367; Henry II’s feudal overlordship (1175), 93; Henry II’s invasion (1171), 79–80, 599; John lord of, 114; John’s invasion (1210), 193–4, 197, 444, 599; justiciar, 301; Lionel of Antwerp’s role, 507, 508, 515; papal bull Laudabiliter (1155), 53, 79, 599; papal vassalage, 204, 220; Richard II’s expedition (1394), 563, 599; Richard II’s expedition (1399), 579–80; Scottish invasion (1315), 389, 395
Isaac Comnenus, 118, 119
Isabel of Gloucester, 114, 206
Isabella, daughter of Edward III, 480, 505
Isabella, daughter of John, 238
Isabella of Angoulême: betrothal to Hugh de Lusignan, 158, 206; children, 186, 206, 239, 252; marriage to Hugh de Lusignan, 226, 252; marriage to John, 158–9, 175, 206, 332; rescue from Chinon, 164
Isabella of Castile, 512, 544
Isabella of France, wife of Edward II: appearance, 410; betrothal, 360; children, 381, 395, 397; coronation, 363, 364; embassy to France, 410; escape from capture, 404; estates, 423; finances, 423; forces for Scottish campaign, 425; in Hainault, 413; invasion of England, 412–15; marriage, 361, 362; Mortimer’s arrest, 436–7; Paris visit (1313), 379–81; regime, 428, 527; relationship with husband, 364, 367, 381, 397, 409–11; relationship with Mortimer, 411, 412–13; role after Mortimer’s death, 438, 454; son Edward’s marriage, 426
Isabella of France, wife of Richard II, 563, 564
Isabella of Woodstock, daughter of Edward III, 443
Issoudun, 141–2, 156
Ivry, non–aggression pact (1177), 93
Jacquerie, 497–8, 534
Jaffa: capture (1191), 126, 397; fall and re–capture (1192), 128–9, 161, 397
James IV, king of Majorca, 513
James of St George, Master, 310–11, 312, 315
Jean le Bel, 477, 498
Jean de Venette, 498
Jeanne d’Evreux, 413
Jerusalem: fall (1187), 109, 110; Frankish campaigns, 291; kingdom of, 105, 122, 127, 129; truce conditions (1192), 129
Jews: badges, 320, 321; blood libel, 319–20; Edict of Expulsion (1290), 323; Edward I’s policies, 317, 319, 320, 321–3; executed for coin–clipping, 320; expulsion from England (1290), 319, 321–3; expulsion from France (1306); financial dealings, 321; Henry II’s policies, 191; Henry III’s policies, 252; John’s extortions, 187, 190–1; legal status, 319, 320; limitation on moneylending, 289; moneylending to Crown, 138; population in England, 319; synagogues destroyed, 320; taxation of, 321
Joan, daughter of Edward III, 480–1, 483, 484, 505
Joan, daughter of John, 206
Joan of Acre, daughter of Edward I, 293, 313, 360
Joan of Kent: childhood, 480; children, 505–6, 512; marriages, 485–6, 487, 505–6, 509; Peasants’ Revolt, 533, 536
Joan the Lame of Burgundy, 482
Joan of Navarre, 371
Joan of Ponthieu, 237
Joan of the Tower, daughter of Edward III, 443
Joanna, daughter of Edward II, 397, 425, 445, 447
Joanna, daughter of Henry II, queen of Sicily, 49, 89, 94, 118, 126, 255
Jocelin de Balliol, 71
John, duke of Brabant, 362
John III, duke of Brittany, 470
John IV de Montfort, duke of Brittany, 470
John V de
Montfort, duke of Brittany, 519
John, king of Bohemia, 476
John, king of England: accession, 152, 153; appearance, 176, 201, 213; barons’ rebellion against, 210–13, 215–16, 220; birth, 49, 73, 84; Bouvines defeat (1214), 207–8, 209, 597; campaigns, 154, 160–1, 167–9, 179, 195; character, 150–1, 161–3, 182, 187, 205; children, 186, 237; coinage, 176, 183, 195, 203; coronation, 154; count of Mortain, 114; court, 180–1; crusader, 210; death, 216; end of reign predicted, 196–7; excommunication, 190, 203, 235; feudal vassalage to pope, 204; finances, 182–5, 187, 189–90, 197, 205–6, 208; foreign policy, 198, 202; French invasion (1216), 215, 217; French invasion threat, 173–4; government, 181–6, 200–2, 214; governor of England, 126; homage to Philip II, 132, 263–4; inheritance issues, 103–4, 107, 125, 142, 149–52; Interdict crisis, 187–90; invasion force at Portsmouth (1205), 175–8; invasion of Ireland (1210), 193–4, 197, 444, 599; invasion of Wales (1211), 195, 197; in Ireland, 104; kingship, 560, 584; legacy, 217–18; legal system, 183–4, 444; lifestyle, 180; lord of Ireland, 114; loss of allies and supporters, 163–5; loss of baggage in the Wash, 216; loss of territories, 165, 167–9, 174, 175, 209, 217, 596, 597; Magna Carta, 213–15, 217–18; marriages, 114, 158–9, 175, 332; murder of Arthur, 166–7, 215; naval victory (1213), 203–4; Normandy reconquest plans, 202, 205–6, 471; oath to brother Richard, 124; peace terms with Philip II, 155–7; plot against, 198–9; prisons, 161–2, 164; rebellion against brother Richard, 132–3, 134, 137, 138; relationship with Arthur, 154–5; relationship with barons, 199–202, 205–6, 209–13; relationship with brother Richard, 114, 118, 124, 135, 140–1; relationship with Church, 187–90, 199, 204–5, 217; relationship with father, 106, 108; relationship with Philip II, 127, 132, 135, 139–40, 150–1, 153, 156, 167–9; reputation, 216–17; rescue of mother, 159–61; return to England, 125; Richard’s return from captivity, 135; succession, 220–1; taxation, 183; territories, 179–80; tomb, 216; truce with Philip II (1206), 179; truce with Philip II (1214), 208; voyage to England (1174), 89; warfare, 597; wedding gift, 83, 91; Welsh campaign (1211), 195, 299; Welsh rebellion, 198