The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright

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The Bishop's Boys: A Life of Wilbur and Orville Wright Page 74

by Crouch, Tom D.


  Wright Aeronautical Company, 466–67

  “Wright Aeroplane and Its Fabled Performances, The,” 307

  “Wright Aeroplane and Its Performances,” 313

  Wright & Wright, 100–103

  Wright Brothers, 2

  aeronautical influence of, 317, 318, 319–20, 322, 323–24, 333, 352, 369, 383–84

  aeronautical influences on, 56–57, 141, 160, 162, 347, 446

  bachelor status of, 13, 101, 104, 117–19, 371

  bicycle business of, 107–16, 129, 181, 229, 233. 274. 411, 454

  bicycles built by, 109, 111–14, 119, 204

  biographies of, 48, 451, 475–76, 516–21

  business strategies of, 108, 110–11, 114, 116, 274, 278, 291–92, 294–95, 300, 301–7, 309–12, 315, 329–34

  cautiousness of, 230, 253–54, 270, 272, 276–77, 278, 291, 300, 302–5, 307, 310–11, 314–15, 316, 326, 329–30, 332, 341, 395–96

  celebrity of, 2, 196, 272, 278, 291, 327, 367–69. 371–72, 382–94, 396

  commitment of, 273–74, 417

  competitions shunned by, 363–64, 403, 407, 420

  contrasting natures of, 2, 13–16, 53, 114, 127, 396, 516

  correspondence between, 337–38, 360, 365, 366, 375, 380, 405, 440, 442

  criticism of, 278, 301–2, 313, 326, 369, 395–96, 417–19

  design breakthrough of, 297

  disagreements between, 101–3, 104, 243, 337–38, 365–66

  disputed claims of, 419–20, 441–42

  division of labor between, 102–3, 164, 331–32, 359, 516

  engineering vs. scientific skills of, 174–75

  European contracts disappointing to, 440–42

  exhibition team of, 426–33, 427, 434–35, 475

  expenses incurred by, 199, 229, 276–77, 278

  family background of, 19–43, 113

  family life of, 116–31, 273, 448

  fashions inspired by, 387

  financial problems of, 109–10, 113

  first powered flight of, 265–70, 485, 528, 529

  first public flights of, 90, 317

  friendships lost to, 419–23

  gifts of, 128, 273

  glider records of, 240–41, 444–45

  government contracts sought by, 289–95, 304–12, 314, 328–42, 370

  happy and active years for, 301

  historic papers of, 475, 525–26

  humor of, 103

  income of, 114, 229, 362, 410, 429, 432–33, 434

  interviews with, 308

  manufacturing monopoly of, 415–16, 418

  memorabilia of, 509–10

  Milton and, 20, 25, 60, 90–92, 107, 109, 111, 302, 393

  Milton on, 327

  monuments and memorials to, 504–11, 521, 526–29

  mother’s influence on, 33

  mysterious impression given by, 251, 333, 355

  patent infringement suits by, 402–3, 404–5, 407, 412–23, 440, 441–42, 447, 451–52, 456–57, 460–61, 465–67

  photographs by, 187, 203, 219, 232

  pilots trained by, 383, 385, 386, 387–88, 408, 426–28, 427, 429, 435–37, 438, 439

  practical airplane first demonstrated by, 299–300

  press accounts of, 306–7, 308, 313, 315, 326, 327, 328–29, 355–57

  presses built by, 95, 96, 102, 107, 515, 516

  printing and publishing partnership of, 96–103, 104–5, 109, 110–11, 114

  public corporate entity of, 163–64, 359, 396

  publicity avoided by, 253–54, 270, 276–77, 281, 326, 356, 360, 396–97

  publicity released by, 270–72, 274, 360–62

  public opinion about, 417, 472

  published papers of, 475, 526

  recognition and praise of, 313, 314, 326, 328–29, 336, 367–68, 382–83, 386–94, 485

  record keeping of, 16, 188, 218, 221, 454

  records achieved by, 240–41, 282, 297, 325, 358, 374–75, 380–81, 383, 384–85, 397. 398, 404. 406, 444–45

  relationship of, 13, 48–50, 53, 92, 94, 96, 97, 101–3, 104–5, 117, 157, 159, 162–64, 238, 243, 267, 337–38, 359, 365, 481, 516

  safety precautions urged by, 430–31

  shared analytical abilities of, 15–16, 33, 221, 225, 238–39, 243

  showmanship of, 407

  siblings’ relationship with, 48–50

  single flight together of, 12

  skepticism about, 292–93, 304–5, 307, 314, 315, 317, 319, 322, 326, 332, 336, 345, 355, 366, 368, 369

  social life of, 116–19, 173, 336, 383, 389–90

  suits brought against, 423

  theoretical testing procedures of, 221–28,

  223, 224, 227, 230, 231, 234, 235, 254

  toy helicopters of, 56–57

  toys made by, 15, 127, 515–16

  triumphant homecoming of, 390–94, 393

  value as inventors stressed by, 293, 300, 303. 306, 316, 403. 412, 419

  White House visit of, 391–92

  world seen as hostile by, 302–3, 380

  Wright Brothers, The: A Biography Authorized by Orville Wright (Kelly), 521

  Wright Brothers, The: Fathers of Flight (McMahon), 517–18

  “Wright Brothers’ Aeroplane, The” (Wright), 362

  Wright Brothers’ Home Day Celebration, 390–91, 392–94, 393

  Wright Brothers National Memorial, 505–7

  Wright Cycle Company, 109–14, 116, 161, 204, 454

  Wright Cycle Exchange, 108

  Wright Field, 502–3, 511

  Wilbur Wright Field, 510–11

  Wright-Fliers, 426–33, 434–35

  accidents and fatalities among, 430–31, 432, 434–35

  exhibition flights of, 428–33, 434–35

  training of, 426–28, 427, 429

  Wright Flyer (1903):

  American retrieval of, 495–96, 526–29

  damage to, 269, 269, 273, 354, 454

  design and construction of, 255, 256, 259, 260–61, 263–64

  English museum as recipient of, 491–92, 506, 509. 520, 525

  first successful flights of, 265–70, 275, 289, 291

  flying times achieved in, 268, 269, 270, 271, 274, 280

  museum label of, 527, 529

  photographs of, 265, 267, 268, 268, 269, 291, 454, 497

  press accounts of, 270–72, 274, 279, 280–81

  repairs of, 264, 265

  size and weight of, 255, 259, 260, 264

  survival of, 269, 454, 488, 491–92

  tests of, 261, 263, 264, 265

  world’s first powered flight in, 265–70, 485, 528, 529

  Wright Flyer (1904), 278, 279–86, 281, 286, 454

  accidents involving, 283, 285, 286

  banking and turning of, 285–86

  descriptions of, 279–80, 284–85

  design and construction of, 274, 276, 279

  difficulties with, 281–84, 285. 286

  engine of, 276, 280, 281

  flights of, 284–86, 291, 292, 295

  flying times of, 284, 285–86

  muslin covering of, 280

  takeoffs of, 281–84

  Wright Flyer (1905), 280, 295–96, 297–300, 298, 349, 454

  capabilities of, 299, 310

  descriptions of, 295, 298–99

  design and construction of, 295, 297

  flying times of, 297, 298, 299, 303, 338

  photographs of, 310

  preservation and restoration of, 521–23, 524

  press accounts of, 300

  takeoffs of, 299

  Wright Flyer (1907), 412

  capabilities of, 339–40

  design and construction of, 331, 332, 338

  shipping of, 338, 339

  Wright Flyers (1908–1915), 338, 342, 359

  Army demonstration flights of, 372–78, 376, 395–99. 397, 408, 445. 451, 456

  Army purchase of, 424, 446, 457, 463–64

  automatic stability developed in, 443–45, 459–60

  banking
and turning of, 436

  climbing and diving of, 458–59

  crashes and fatalities involving, 124, 163, 237, 238, 283, 285, 296, 375–78, 384, 395, 396–97. 430–31, 432, 434–35. 438–39. 444. 456, 458–59, 463–64

  Curtiss aircraft vs., 436, 458, 463

  design and construction of, 355, 365–66

  eyewitness accounts of, 356–57, 368

  feedback mechanism in, 443

  first full drawings of, 389

  first passenger aboard, 358

  first published photograph of, 357

  flight films of, 387, 388

  flying times of, 356, 357, 358, 367

  freight carried on, 433

  license-built, 389, 433–34, 435, 440–41. 442

  maintenance of, 464

  modifications of, 442

  offer made for foreign rights of, 329–30

  passengers aboard, 381–82, 382, 385, 386, 387, 397–99, 406, 408–9

  pilot control of, 435, 443

  public demonstrations of, 90, 366–70, 367, 380–90

  shipping of, 365, 394

  wheels added to, 428, 430

  Wright glider (1900), 178–91, 196–99, 209, 212, 219, 235, 269

  design and construction of, 183, 184, 187–88, 197, 199

  manned trials of, 188–91, 196–99, 200, 505

  unmanned tests of, 189, 190, 197–98, 197, 203

  weight of, 178, 179, 188, 196

  Wright glider (1901), 208–12, 209, 219, 232, 235, 248, 269

  design and construction of, 131, 203

  manned flights of, 208–9, 210, 211–12

  size and weight of, 203

  unmanned flights of, 212

  Wright glider (1902), 235–41, 238, 240, 246, 249, 251, 256, 260, 269, 281

  drawings of, 318, 362

  remains of, 354, 359

  Wright glider (1911), 443–45, 522, 523

  Wright-Martin Company, 466, 467, 469, 497

  Wright Memorial Bridge, 507

  Wright Memorial Committee, 504

  Wright Model A, 412, 426, 430

  Wright Model B, 428, 430, 431, 433, 438, 439, 443. 458

  design and construction of, 412, 424, 426

  Wright Model C, 457, 458, 463–64

  Wright Model CH, 458

  Wright Model C-1, 451

  Wright Model E, 459

  Wright Model EX, 438–39

  Wright Model K, 466

  Wright Model L, 466

  Wright Model R, 431, 432, 432

  design and construction of, 412, 424

  Wright-Patterson Airforce Base, 511

  Wright Special bicycle, 113, 119

  Wright State University, 526

  Wright v. Herring-Curtiss, 402–3, 404–5, 407, 412–15, 422, 423, 430, 443, 447, 448, 452, 456–57, 460–61

  Wu Ting Fang, 360

  XPS-1 airplane, 471

  Yale College, 65, 74, 75, 502

  yaw control, 167–69, 201, 443

  Yeager, Charles, 528–29

  yellow journalism, 98

  “Yellow Kid, The,” 136

  YMCA Wheelmen, 107

  Yon, Gabriel, 249

  Younger brothers, 72

  Zahm, Albert Francis, 151, 154–55, 329, 371, 422–23, 486–87, 488, 490, 500, 501, 502, 520, 525

  Zens, Paul, 368

  Zeppelin, Ferdinand Von, 250–51, 406

  Copyright © 1989 by Tom D. Crouch

  All rights reserved.

  Reissued as a Norton paperback 2003

  Book design by Charlotte Staub

  Photos drawn from the collection of the Wright State University Archives appear on pages 20, 34, 45, 62, 70, 73, 74, 95, 120, 126, 141, 147, 155, 187, 189, 209, 238, 263, 266, 386, 397, 480, 483. Photos drawn from the collection of the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution appear on pages 59, 61, 112, 197, 223, 224, 227, 240, 245, 265, 268, 269, 281, 286, 298, 367, 376, 382, 389, 393, 427, 432, 474, 478, 514 524, and frontispiece.

  Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

  Crouch, Tom D.

  The Bishop’s boys: a life of the Wright brothers/Tom D. Crouch

  p. cm.

  Bibliography: p.

  Includes index.

  1. Wright, Orville, 1871–1948. 2. Wright, Wilbur, 1867–1912. 3. Aeronautics—United States—Biography. I. Title

  TL540.W7C76 1989

  629.13′0092′2—dc19

  [B] 88–19585

  ISBN 978-0-393-34746-3 (e-book)

  W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.

  500 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10110

  www.wwnorton.com

  W. W. Norton & Company Ltd.

  Castle House, 75/76 Wells Street, London W1T 3QT

 

 

 


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