by Adam Makos
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Magazines
“ALNAVS, NAVACTS in Brief.” All Hands, Nov. 1946: 62–63.
Black, Charles L. “Briefing off Wonsan.” Flying, Feb. 1951: 24+.
———. “A Carrier Goes to War.” Flying, Dec. 1950: 24+.
———. “Korean Strike: From the Back Seat.” Flying, Jan. 1951: 16+.
Cavendish, Richard. “The Greek Civil War Ends.” History Today, 1999. HistoryToday.com.
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Farrell, Sean. “Not Just Farms Anymore: The Effects of World War II on Mississippi’s Economy.” Mississippi History Now, Mississippi Historical Society, Sept. 2001.
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Herring, George C., Jr. “Lend-Lease to Russia and the Origins of the Cold War, 1944–1945.” The Journal of American History 56.1 (1969): 93–114.
“How Could Soviet Attack Come?” Life, Feb. 27, 1950: 20–29.
Kaiser, Helen. “Pioneering Spirit.” Wilkes, Fall 2010: 12.
Kerr, Frank. “At the Reservoir: Through the Eyes of a Combat Photographer.” Leatherneck, Dec. 1990.
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“The Last Days of a Navy Pilot.” Ebony, Apr. 1951: 15–17.
Lester, Connie. “Economic Development in the 1930s: Balance Agriculture with Industry.” Mississippi History Now, Mississippi Historical Society, May 2004.
“Lieutenant (jg) Thomas Hudner, Jr. Medal of Honor.” Life, May 26, 1952: 131.
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Rasula, Col. George. “Chapter 74.” Ed. Byron Sims. Changjin Journal, 2009.
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Newspapers
“Ask Medal for Pilot Who Tried to Save Brown.” Chicago Defender, Dec. 23, 1950: 1.
Baldwin, Hanson W. “ ‘Cold War’ Involves Mediterranean.” New York Times, Jan. 18, 1948: E5.
———. “The Landing at Inchon.” New York Times, Sept. 18, 1950: 4.
———. “Prolonged Fight Seen.” New York Times, Jan. 4, 1950: 2.
———. “Red Threat to Asia Gains.” New York Times, Dec. 18, 1949: 27.
“Both Races Honor Hero in Mississippi Ceremony.” The Afro-American [Washington], Oct. 9, 1951: 14.
Brindley, Tho
mas K. “Congressional Honor Medal Is Presented to Lt. Hudner.” Herald News [Fall River], Apr. 13, 1951.
———. “Honor Medal Man Hudner Awaits Further Navy Orders.” Herald News [Fall River], Apr. 14, 1951.
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“Ens. Brown’s Widow, Pal to Be Cited.” Chicago Defender, May 5, 1951: 1.
“Ensign Brown’s Widow Sees Truman Award Highest Honor to Navy Pilot.” Chicago Defender, Apr. 21, 1951: 1.
“Ensign Hudner Receives Wings.” Herald News [Fall River], Aug. 17, 1949.
“Fall River Navy Flier Risks Life to Rescue Fellow Pilot in Korea.” Herald News [Fall River], Dec. 6, 1950: 1–2.
“1st Tan Navy Flier Dies in Korea Crash.” The Afro-American [Baltimore], Dec. 16, 1950: 1+.
“Flying Cross Is Awarded to 10 Men on Baltic Plane.” New York Times, Apr. 25, 1950: 14.
“40,000 Cheer Tom Hudner in Parade.” Herald News [Fall River], Apr. 20, 1951: 1.
“Helped Make History Over Clark Field.” Providence Journal, 1945.
“Hero Gives $1,000 Gift to Killed Pilot’s Kin.” The Afro-American [Baltimore], Apr. 28, 1951: 1.
“Heroic Flyer of Korean War Now Carrier Boss for Viet Missions.” Herald News [Fall River], May 3, 1966.
“Hudner Qualifies as Carrier Flier.” Herald News [Fall River], Apr. 5, 1949.
“Hudner Tried to Save First Negro Naval Officer Ever to Lose Life in Action in Any U.S. Campaign.” Herald News [Fall River], Dec. 11, 1950.
James, Edwin L. “Vital Facts at Issue in Dispute Over Plane.” New York Times, Apr. 23, 1950: B3.
Johnson, Richard J. “New Forces Moved Directly From U.S.” New York Times, Aug. 1, 1950: 1.
Leviero, Anthony. “U.S. ‘Not at War,’ President Asserts.” New York Times, June 30, 1950: 1+.
“Leyte Pilots Raise $2,700 for Late Buddy’s Daughter.” The Afro-American [Baltimore], Apr. 28, 1951: 19.
Lieberman, Henry B. “Chou Brands U.S. China’s Worst Foe.” New York Times, Oct. 1, 1950: 48.
“Lt. Hudner Grateful for Fete, Proud to Be Fall River Man.” Herald News [Fall River], May 3, 1951.
“Lt. Richard Cevoli Wins Navy Cross.” Providence Journal, 1945.
“Morale of American Soldiers Is High Declares Lt. Hudner.” Herald News [Fall River], Feb. 5, 1951.
“Naval Hero Honored at City Youth Rally.” The Afro-American [Baltimore], Dec. 11, 1951.
“Navy Is Commissioning Destroyer Escort in Memory of Man Hudner Tried to Save.” Herald News [Fall River], Feb. 16, 1973.
“Negro Navy Pilot Killed in Korea.” Hattiesburg American, Dec. 9, 1950: 1.
“New Communist Frontiers.” New York Times, Dec. 12, 1949: 32.
“New Year, New Chance.” New York Times, Jan. 1, 1950: 6.
“No Troops of Peiping in Korea, Limb Says.” New York Times, Sept. 19, 1950: 11.
“North Korea Warns of Fight for Unity.” New York Times, Oct. 18, 1949: 20.
“Now It Can Be Told: Fire Bombs Ignited Pyre of Airman Jesse Brown.” The Afro-American [Washington], Mar. 6, 1951: 3.
Perry, Tony. “Remains of Camp Pendleton Marine Killed in Korean War Identified.” Los Angeles Times, Aug. 10, 2013.
“Pilot’s Widow to Be Honored by President.” The Afro-American [Baltimore], Apr. 14, 1951: 15.
“Richard L. Cevoli Takes Bride in Dixie Kiefer Chapel.” Providence Journal, 1946.
“Russian Killed by American in Patrol Clash in Germany.” New York Times, July 10, 1949: 1.
“Russians Fire B-29 by ‘Error’ in Korea.” New York Times, Sept. 17, 1945: 1+.
“Russians Irk Navy; Fired at Two Planes.” New York Times, Mar. 2, 1946: 2.
“Scenes From Fifth Annual Robert S. Abbott Award Presentation.” Chicago Defender, May 12, 1951: 4.
“Sec. Chapman Backs Truman Policy Here.” Chicago Daily News, May 5, 1951.
“6-to-9 Month War Foreseen in Korea.” New York Times, July 17, 1950: 10.
“Soviet Fliers Gun U.S. Vienna Plane.” New York Times, Apr. 23, 1946: 5.
“To Annapolis.” Herald News [Fall River], June 7, 1943.
“Truman Presents Top Medal to Navy Flier Who Landed in Enemy Area in Rescue Try.” New York Times, Apr. 14, 1951: 4.
“U.S. Planes Were Shot Down.” New York Times, Apr. 11, 1948: 32.
Wersinger, Tammie. “Richard Fowler Jr. Gave His Best to Every Task.” Orlando Sentinel, Apr. 25, 2011.
Winslow, Walter G. “A Beacon for All to See.” Milwaukee Sentinel, Sept. 21, 1952: 2.
“World News Summarized.” New York Times, Aug. 1, 1950: 1.
Websites and Other Sources
“Apr 16, 1947: Bernard Baruch Coins the Term ‘Cold War’ ” This Day in History. The History Channel, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bernard-baruch-coins-the-term-cold-war.
Barnes, Michael. “An Overview of the Korean War.” The Authentic History Center, www.authentichistory.com/1946-1960/2-korea/1-overview.
“Berlin Airlift.” History.com. A&E Television Networks, www.history.com/topics/cold-war/berlin-airlift.
“Desegregation of the Armed Forces: Chronology.” Harry S. Truman Library and Museum, www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_collections/desegregation.
Howard, Sally. “Postcards From the Age.” Social Planet, 2012, http://bmisocialplanet.tumblr.com/post/16118086170/postcards-from-the-age.
“Jul 5, 1946: Bikini Introduced.” This Day in History. The History Channel, www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bikini-introduced.
Koenig, William H. “On Jesse’s Wing.” 2007. MS.
“Letter from Feng Xi (Stalin) to Kim Il Sung (via Shtytkov),” Oct. 8, 1950, History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, Archive of the President, Russian Federation, http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112862.
“M20 3.5in Rocket Launcher and Manuals.” Korean War Online, www.koreanwaronline.com/arms/bazsup.htm.
“Newsletter of the USS Leyte Association.” Leyte News (1990–2012).
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. The North Atlantic Treaty. Washington, D.C.: NATO, 1949. Official Texts. Dec. 9, 2008, www.nato.int/cps/en/natolive/official_texts_17120.htm.
Skelton III, William P. “American Ex-Prisoners of War.” Department of Veterans Affairs. Independent Study Course, released Apr. 2002.
Smitha, Frank. “Communists Win China’s Civil War.” Macrohistory and World Timeline, www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch24cld8.htm.
“World War II Naval Glossary and Terminology.” Valor at Sea, 2002, www.valoratsea.com/glossary.htm.
NOTES
INTRODUCTION
“There has been no finer act”: “The Last Days of a Navy Pilot,” Ebony, Apr. 1951.
CHAPTER 1
“Knowing that he’s helping those poor”: “Last Days of a Navy Pilot,” Ebony.
CHAPTER 2
The tough Portuguese boy: The day after their encounter near the flagpole, Tom passed Manny in the hallway and was shocked to see Manny nod and smile at him. After that, anytime Tom and Manny passed in the hallway, they greeted each other warmly.
CHAPTER 3
Behind Jesse came his younger brothers: No known photos exist of Lura or Fletcher as children. After Julia Brown’s death most of the family’s photos became lost to time.
CHAPTER 6
Tom nodded politely
, despite his doubts: After middle school, Tom attended the prestigious Andover Academy prep school. He served as president of his senior class and captain of the track team. At the end of the senior year, Tom’s classmates voted him “Most Respected,” and in the top three for the categories “Best Athlete,” “Most Popular,” “Most Modest,” and “Most Agreeable.”
CHAPTER 8
Tom Hudner steered: Tom’s car was spotless, for being a decade old. Aviators in those days had an image to maintain and never drove a second-rate or secondhand car.
Marty introduced himself: Marty Goode remembers: “I was one of three fellows in the city of New York that passed that exam and was taken into the flight program. I’ll never forget during the round of tests they gave, this lieutenant said to me: ‘Do you really want to fly in the navy?’ I said, ‘Yes, sir.’ All these pictures of navy fighter planes were on the wall. ‘Can you name the planes?’ he asked. I read off what I thought the names of all these planes were. He said, ‘That’s fine, you’ve passed, you’re in.’ Years later, when I thought about it, I had all those names wrong. They must have really needed pilots!”
CHAPTER 9
“atomic bomb monopoly”: “How Could Soviet Attack Come?” Life, Feb. 27, 1950.
CHAPTER 11
“If I had done anything right”: Theodore Taylor, The Flight of Jesse Leroy Brown (New York: Avon, 1998).
Jesse chuckled but decided to leave: Jesse would tease Daisy about saying “Anathens” for months to come, and Daisy remembered that her husband even let his brothers in on the joke and that Lura and Fletcher teased her in good fun.
The recent headlines had set her emotions: Compounding Daisy’s worries were the funeral announcements she saw every week in the papers. The remains of boys killed in World War II were still coming home from Europe and the Pacific, five years after the fact.
saga of the lost “Baltic Plane”: Edwin L. James, “Vital Facts at Issue in Dispute Over Plane,” New York Times, Apr. 23, 1950.