American Dream
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lack of attendance at
Opal at
Maximus, Inc.
attempts to win N.Y. contract by
client and caseworker turnover at
incompetent caseworkers at
ineffectiveness of
lack of client activity at
lavish spending by
office politics at
Opal at
shortage of caseworkers at
state review of
W-2 contract with
see also Steinborn, Michael; Wisconsin Works (W-2)
Medicaid
creation of
Medicare
Mercy Residential & Rehabilitation Center
Merkel, Ken
Merrill Park
Merrion, Joseph E.
Merrionette Manor
Meyers, Jan
Mica, John
Michigan
decrease of welfare rolls in
time limits in
Milam, J. W.
Miles, Kathryn
Milwaukee, Wis.
black migration to
as epicenter of antiwelfare crusade
ghettos in
high welfare benefits in
segregationists in
size of caseloads in
welfare battles in
Milwaukee Business Journal
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Minnesota
Mississippi
Chicago life vs.
mechanical cotton picker in
racial discrimination in
sharecropping in
slavery in
welfare in
Mobilization for Youth
Moore, Melba
Morris, Dick
Mothers’ Pensions
Moving to Opportunity
Moyers, Bill
Moynihan, Daniel Patrick
background of
Clinton’s inaction and
in welfare debate
Murray, Charles
Myrdal, Gunnar
Narcotics Anonymous
Nation, The
National Governors Association (NGA)
block grants debate in
National Survey of America’s Families
National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO)
Negro quotas
Nelson, Sandi
“New Consensus,” 99
New Deal
New Hope Project
New Republic, The
New York, N.Y.
New York Daily News
New York Post
New York Times, The
New York Times Magazine, The
Nicholas, Tony
Nightline
Nixon, Richard
nonmarital births
conservatives’ hopes of reducing
lack of state action on
postwelfare levels of
in welfare debate
see also single-parent families
Norquist, John
nursing aides
risks of
Offner, Paul
O’Neill, June E.
Opportunities Industrialization Center (OIC)
failings of
scandals at
spending of funds by
Oregon, new welfare law in
Owens, Major
Packwood, Bob
Panetta, Leon
Pate, David J., Jr.
Pathways program
Pattillo-McCoy, Mary
Pavetti, LaDonna
Pawasarat, John
Pay for Performance program
declining caseloads in
see also Wisconsin Works (W-2)
Peck, Amber
Perales, Steve
Percy, William Alexander
Perez, Celestino
Personal Responsibility Act
Piven, Frances Fox
plantations
mechanical cotton picker and
Poor Support (Ellwood)
poverty rates
Powdermaker, Hortense
Primus, Wendell
Project HALT
Putting People First (Clinton)
Quinten (Jewell’s nephew)
Reagan, Ronald
Reagan administration
Rector, Robert
caseload reduction credit proposed by
ideology of
in move to abolish welfare
on nonmarital births
Red Cross
Reed, Bruce
background of
Senate welfare debate and
Reed, Greg
Angie’s relationship with
arrests of
and children’s prison visit
as drug dealer
imprisonment of
Reed, Jewell
bleeding ulcers of
childhood of
jobs held by
in JOBS program
Ken Thigpen’s relationship with
and life on First Street
and move to Milwaukee
as nursing aide
Opal’s addiction and
Opal’s stay with
pregnancies of
shoplifting incident and
Tina as rival to
after welfare bill
as welfare recipient
Reed, Mary
Reed, Robert
Reed, Terrell
Reed, Tremmell
Reid, Harry
Republican governors
Gingrich’s plan supported by
Republican Governors Association
Republican party
block grants supported by
collapse of unity in
and criticisms of welfare
“new compassion” of
in Senate welfare debate
states’ rights supported by
welfare abolition sought by
in Wisconsin’s welfare battles
see also Gingrich, Newt
Ridgeway, Bridgette
Riemer, David
Riley, Antonio
Riverside, Calif.
Robertson, Marcus
Angie’s relationship with
background of
death of
restraining order against
Roosevelt, Franklin
Rostenkowski, Dan
Sandefur, Gary
Santorum, Rick
Sawhill, Isabel
Schoen, Doug
Scott, Hugette
Scott, Jay
Scott, Rodger
Angie’s relationship with
segregation
in Chicago
in Milwaukee
Senate, U.S.
and Democratic party welfare debate
Finance Committee of
Judiciary Committee of
and Republican party welfare debate
welfare debate in
sexual abuse, see women, sexual abuse of
Shalala, Donna
welfare bill opposed by
Shapiro vs. Thompson (1969)
sharecropping
cheating of sharecroppers by planters
as precursor to welfare
social chaos in
Shaw, Clay
Shays, Christopher
Shechtman, Morris
Sherman, William T.
single mothers, see nonmarital births; single-parent families
single-parent families
among blacks
gangs as appealing to
in ghettos
health insurance and
higher-risk children in
rise in
unemployment among
on welfare
welfare bill’s effects on
slavery
buying and selling in
whites’ dependency on
white supremacy and
Social Security
Social Security Act
Speck, Richard
; Stack, Carol
State of the Union Address:
of 1935
of 1986
of 1994
Steele, Sandy
Steinborn, Michael
background of
dedicated efforts of
Opal as client of
Steinborn, Ted
Stewart, Linda
Stokes, Flukey
Supreme Court, U.S.
Swann, Beverly
Talent, James
Tapogna, John
Taylor, Donald
teen pregnancy
reducing rates of
see also nonmarital births; single-parent families
Temporary Assistance for Needy Families
Terzano, Ginny
Texas, time limits in
Thigpen, Kenyatta “Ken” Q.
arrest of
childhood of
as drug dealer
imprisonment of
Jewell’s relationship with
after prison release
prostitution business of
Thigpen, Kevion Quatrell
Thomas, Adam
Thompson, Tommy G.
award given to
efforts to end welfare by
states’ rights supported by
welfare caseload declines under
work programs of
see also Wisconsin Works (W-2)
Till, Emmett
Time
Tina (prostitute)
Toffler, Alvin
Top Techs nursing pool
Townsend, Lawrence
Truly Disadvantaged, The (Wilson)
Truman, Harry S.
Tufel, John
Turner, Jason A.
background of
as New York City welfare commissioner
as right-wing idealist
see also Pay for Performance; Wisconsin Works (W-2)
“Two-Tier,” 76
UMOS, see United Migrant Opportunity Services (UMOS)
Underclass, The (Auletta)
underclass dilemma
welfare bill as solution to
unemployment rates
among black men
United Migrant Opportunity Services (UMOS)
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee
U.S. News and World Report
Utah, after welfare bill
Valentine, Tim
Vardaman, James
Vicksburg Evening Post
Voinovich, George
Wagner, Ramon
Wallace, George
Wall Street Journal, The
Washington, Dave
Washington Post, The
Watson, Patricia
Weld, William
welfare:
activist push for rights in
blacks on
children on
and Clinton’s pledge
conservative vs. liberal views on ; see also Democratic party; Republican party
and cost to taxpayers
covert work and cheating on
criticism of
cutting benefits of
earnings vs.
emergence of
and importance of work identity
1960s explosion in
original intentions of
racial discrimination in
sexual abuse and
sharecropping as precursor to
single mothers on
stereotypes of
women on
see also Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC); welfare overhaul
welfare overhaul
application requirements after
and benefits for needy workers
block grants and
budget costs of
children affected by
Clinton’s signing of bill on
Congressional debate on
conservative vs. liberal view on
critics of Clinton’s plans for
extreme Right view of
and failure to serve those in need
family structure affected by
Gingrich’s vision for
“Hards” vs. “Softs” on
House bill passed on
job-search classes and
nonmarital births and
opponents of
poverty rates and
and reduction of caseloads
Senate debate on
single-parent families after
and state increase in funds
states’ rights debated in
time limits and
welfare-to-work programs and
work requirements of
see also Clinton, Bill; Personal Responsibility Act; welfare-to-work programs
welfare-to-work programs
achievements of
application requirements of
caseload numbers affected by
caseload reduction credit in
Clinton’s ideas for
costs of
job-search classes in
lack of client activity in
welfare-to-work programs (cont.)
lavish spending of funds by
need for more upward mobility in
personalized casework in
stricter rules placed on
time limits on
training vs. entry-level jobs in
see also Job Opportunities and Basic Skills program (JOBS); Pay for Performance; welfare overhaul; Wisconsin Works (W-2)
Whitburn, Gerald
Wilder, Doug
Williams, Mary
Wilson, William Julius
Wirthlin, Richard
Wisconsin
Wisconsin Works (W-2)
benefits provided by
declining caseloads in
incompetent caseworkers in
lack of client activity in
lavish spending of funds by
Maximus, Inc.’s, contract with
new applicant requirements in
scandals in
shortcomings of
turnover of caseworkers within
work requirements of
see also Goodwill; Maximus, Inc.; Opportunities Industrialization Center (OIC); welfare overhaul; welfare-to-work programs
Witte, Edwin
women:
sexual abuse of
as uninsured
on welfare
see also single-parent families
Woolcott-Steele, Wendy
Work Experience and Job Training program
Works Progress Administration
Wyoming
YWCA
Zeidler, Frank
1 The program was originally called Aid to Dependent Children; “Families” was added in 1962. For simplicity’s sake, I refer to AFDC throughout.