Loch Rog nan Ear 21
Loch Ryan (Rerigonium) 54, 56, 57, 59, 132
Lochmaben 31, 34
Lochmaben Stane 22, 23, 24
De Locis Sanctis (Adomnan of Iona) 212–13
Locus Maponi 23
Lomond mountains (and Ben Lomond) 50, 239, 240
London 93, 100, 106, 133, 207, 221
Longtown (Arthuret or Arderydd) 124
LORDS OF CATRAETH 144
Los Alamos National Laboratory 117, 118
Lothians 49, 185, 190, 213
see also East Lothian; West Lothian
Lughnasa Celtic festival 34
Lugi people 78
Luguvalium 22, 132
Lupus, Virius 81, 82
Lwyddog, Elen 90
Mac Each Thighearna 60
McBean, Gillies 9
Macbeth 259
Macsen Wledig 90, 91, 244 (box)
Maeatae 81, 82, 84
Mael Umai macBaetain 167, 171
Maelgwn 120
Mag Slebe 61
Malcolm, King of Cumbria 258
Malcolm Canmore 259
Malcolm II, King of Scots 258–9
Malcolmisrode (Via Regis) 73
Man (Monapia) 28
Manau, kingdom of 9, 52, 59, 81, 89, 133
Manau-Gododdin 52, 100, 101
Manor Valley 42, 44, 151–5, 158–9
Mapon/Maponus 23, 24
Maporitum 24
Marazion 15
Marcellinus, Ammianus 86, 87, 89
Marcellus, Ulpius 80
Marchidun 6, 90
Mare Cronium 29
Marmoutier 106, 107
Marseilles (Masillia) 11, 12, 14, 15
Maryport 55, 56
Mauricius 38
Mavorius 107
Maximus, Magnus 90, 99, 101, 104
Mediterranean 14, 18, 26, 46, 48, 83, 106, 117, 120
Medraut (Mordred) 116
Meirionydd 101
Mela, Pomponius 24, 25, 26
Melrose 67, 73
see also Old Melrose
Melrose Chronicle 257
Mercia 4, 177, 198–9, 200 (box), 206, 214, 222, 233, 234, 251, 252, 254, 255
MERCIAN GOLD 200
Merlin (Myrddin) 44, 127, 130, 131
Mictis (St. Michael’s Mount) 29
Midlem 6
Minerva 93
Minnigaff 202
Moffatdale Hills 31
Molendinar Burn (’Mill Burn’) 245, 248
Mona (Anglesey) 28
Monkwearmouth 181, 212, 228
Monmouth, Geoffrey of 131
Mons Graupius 39, 64, 65, 67, 70, 78, 81
Montrose (and Montrose basin) 52, 83
MORAY, KINGDOM OF 10
Moray Firth 9, 10, 85
Morcant Bwlc 135, 138–40, 141, 178, 244
More, St Thomas 182, 182 (box)
Morham in East Lothian 186
Morris, John 135, 136, 137
MORTIFICATION OF THE FLESH 182
Mote of Mark 60
Mull of Galloway 12
MUNGO’S MIRACLES 246
Myot Hill 81
names and origins 176
Narbonne 14, 92
Narcissus 26
The Natural History of Selborne (White, G.) 223–4
Natural History (Pliny) 29
Nectaridus 86, 91
Nennius 97, 111, 112, 113, 116, 127
Nether Liberton 69
Netherby (Castra Exploratorum) 126
Newstead 50
Niall of the Nine Hostages 183
Nicaea, Council of 204 (box), 217
Ninian 107
Ninth Legion 63, 64
Nith River (Novios) 31, 54, 56
North Africa 46, 89, 117
North British Chronicle 124
North Channel 12, 56
North Sea 83, 99, 121
Northumbria 94, 113, 115, 122, 123, 253
dialect of 205–6
extent of Kingdom 213–14
Northumbrians, Southumbrians and 236–7
Novantae 54, 55, 56, 59, 88, 89, 132
Offa, King of Mercia 4, 5, 222
Offa’s Dyke 4, 5
Ogham 165
Olaf, Viking King of Dublin 247, 254, 255–6 (box), 257
Old Kilpatrick 74
Old Melrose 179, 180–82, 194, 202
foundation of abbey at 183–5
St Cuthbert at 190–91
Old Welsh language
in Bernicia 172, 174, 185, 189, 196, 201, 202, 205, 206, 209, 221, 224, 237–8
in Strathclyde 239–40, 245, 248, 252, 253–4
Oldhamstocks 186
Orkneys (Orcades) 25, 26, 27, 28, 40
Orkoi 78
Oswald, King of Northumbria (Bretwalda) 173, 174, 175, 177–8, 178, 183–4, 185, 197–9, 202–3
Oswestry 197–8
Oswin, King of Deira 197, 233
Oswui (Imperator Totius Britanniae) 8, 173, 175, 177, 198–200, 201–2, 202–6
death and burial at Whitby 206
Owain, King of Cumbria 251–2
Owain, King of Gwent 251
Owain, King of Strathclyde 253–4, 258–9
Owain, son of Urien and King of Rheged 9, 133, 134, 141–2, 199–200
Owain Glyn Dwr 134
Padon Hill 114
Palatine Hill 67
Pallinsburn 175
Parisii 30
Paternus, son of Tacitus 89
Paternus Pesrut 90, 100, 130 (box)
Pathhead 82
Paulinus 173, 174–5, 178
Pausanias 66, 67
Peebles 3, 42
Peel Fell 4
Penda, King of Mercia 177, 198, 199, 206
Penmanshiel 7
Pennines 30, 41, 124, 128
Penninghame 202
Penvalla 44
Penzance 15
Peohthelm and Peohtwine, Bishops of Whithorn 233
Peredur ap Elifer 128, 131
Perth (and Perthshire) 8–9, 69, 225
Petilius Cerialis 9
Phoenicians 46
Picts 47, 86, 87, 88, 90, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 107, 241
pilgrimage 184
Pius, Antoninus 73, 76, 80, 81
Plautius, Aulus 27
Pleiades 20, 21
Pliny the Elder 28, 29
Pliny the Younger 40
Pompeii 28
Pope Gregory I 176, 226, 227
Potitus 96
Powblack 51
Powis Burn 52
Powys 90, 171–2
Praetorian Guard 26, 83
Pringle, George 187–8
Procopius 117, 119
Ptolemy, Claudius 25 (box), 41, 43, 49, 50, 54, 56, 60, 71, 74, 78, 242
Pytheas 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25
Raedwald, King of East Anglia 172
raiding 164–5
Rathlin (Riginia) 28
Ravenna 23, 24, 31, 91
Recedham 124
RECESSION IN DARK AGES 102
Rede River 114
Rennie, Elizabeth 240, 241
Rerigonium (Loch Ryan) 55, 56, 57, 59, 132
Rheged, Kingdom of 124, 141, 142, 199–201, 213, 242, 244 (box), 252
Rhinns of Galloway 107
Rhionydd 55
Rhône River 15
Rhun, son of Urien 142
Rhydderch Hael (’Riderch the Generous’), King of Strathclyde 135, 145, 146, 243, 244 (box), 246 (box)
Ribchester 23
Richborough 27
Rieinmelth, Princess of Rheged 199–200, 201, 234
Rink fortress 2–3, 259
Risingham 68
Rochdale 124
Rock of Clyde 96
Roman Empire 39, 48, 70, 89, 92, 96, 100, 136, 137 (box)
power of 126, 127, 128
roads 65, 72
Roman Carlisle 95, 96, 154
Romanisation of south Britain 48, 49, 76
Romania 69, 92<
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Romanitas 101
ROMANS, WHAT HAVE THEY EVER DONE? 137
Rome 26, 27, 93, 153 (box), 166
ROME, ANOTHER JERUSALEM 153
Rough Castle 75
Roxburgh (and Roxburghshire) 6, 124
Roxburgh Castle 73, 89, 90
Ruberslaw 69
Rudchester 80
runic script 184, 230–31
Rusticus 38
Ruthwell Anglian Cross 184, 229, 231–3
Sabir 54
St Augustine 161
St Augustine of Hippo 89
St Baldred 186–7, 189, 190, 257
St Columba 166, 180, 183, 189–95, 223, 225
St Constantine 249
St Cuthbert 94, 139, 190–95, 206–8, 209–10, 214–17, 220, 236, 252
St Epimachus 151
SAINT ETHERNAN 187
SAINT GILDAS 110
St Gordian 151, 154
St Gordian’s Cross (Celtic) 151–2
St Ignatius Loyola !82 (box), 182
St Jerome 92
St Kentigern 189–90, 201, 244–6, 250
St Martin 106, 107
St Michael’s Mount 15, 16
St Modan 180
St Mungo 245, 246 (box)
St Patrick (Patricius) 95, 96, 242–3
St Paul 182, 182 (box)
St Serf 189, 245, 246 (box)
St Wilfrid of Ripon 200, 203, 205, 206, 236
SAINTS 108
Sais (Sasunnaich) 115, 122, 133–4, 140, 176, 252, 254
Salarian Gate 91
Samuel of Israel 166
sanctity, continuity of 179–80
Sandy Wath 24
Sark River 22, 24
Saxons 86–8, 97, 98, 100, 102, 103, 105, 106, 110, 111, 115–16, 120–21, 176–7
Schiehallion 81
Scotch Corner 41, 134
Scotland 5, 27, 28, 35
emerging kingdoms in south 93
Roman roads in 72
Scots 86, 87, 88, 98, 128
Scottish Borders 1–3
see also Bernicia
Scythia 92
Segontium, Caernarfon 101
Selborne, yew tree at 223–4
Selgovae 41, 42, 43, 45, 48, 49, 50, 59, 66, 67, 68, 88
Selkirk 1, 2, 4, 6, 194
Forest Kirk in 7
Senchus Fer na h’Alban 167
Senecio 38
Severn Estuary 4, 120, 121
Severus, Septimius 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 126, 201
Sgor nam Ban-Naomhan 108, 109
Siberia 54
Siculus, Diodorus 13, 19, 20, 77
Sidon 46
Sigfrith, priest of Jarrow 190–91
Sigurdsson, Harald 117, 118
Sihtric 251
Silchester 49
Silva Caledoniae 29
Skellig Michael 186
Skyreburn 202
Slamannan 52
Solomon, King of Israel 166
Solway Coast 28, 55
Solway Firth 22, 24, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 53, 202
Solway Moss 125
Solway Plain 22, 23
Son of Prophecy 124
South Shields 71
South Tyne 95
Southwick 202
Soutra Hill 69, 73, 83, 168, 170
Spain 90, 117
SPEAR PEOPLE 97
Springwood Park, Kelso 89
Sprouston 8
Stanegate 30, 43, 209
Stanwick Fort 41
Stirling 51, 52, 62, 83
Stobo 44
Stonehenge 22
Strabo 18, 19
Stranraer 124
THE STRASBOURG OATHS 211
Strathcarron, battle at 242
Strathclyde (Ystrad Clud) 9, 10, 159, 221–2, 236, 240–41, 253, 257
Strathearn 81
Strathmore 83
Sueno’s Stone 147
Sul Wath 24
summer, battle season 164
Sunderland 3
Sutherland, Duke of 9
Sutton Hoo 172
Symeon of Durham 234–5
Syria 76, 106, 108
Tacitus 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 48, 49, 55, 62, 63, 64, 76, 78, 193 (box)
Taliesin 133, 141
Tara, Hill of 56
Tay River 69, 70
Taylor, Brian Hope 114, 123
Teith 81
De Temporum Ratione (Bede) 228–9
Tennyson, Lord 116
Teudebur, King of Strathclyde 247
Teutoberg Forest 29
Teviot River (and Valley) 6, 8, 73, 89
Textoverdi 66
Thames River (and Valley) 26, 54, 103, 121
Thenu, Princess of the Gododdin 189, 245
Theobald, brother of Aethelfrith 170, 171
Theodora 119
Theodoric 134, 135, 139, 140, 141
Theodosius I 86, 88, 89, 90, 94
THE THIRTEEN TREASURES OF BRITAIN 129–30
Thomas, Charles 95
Thule 29
Timaeus 29
Tinnis Castle 8, 44
Tintagel 120
Tipalt Burn 95
Tiro 219
Titus 37
Torduff Point 24
Torwoodlee 2
Toward Point 240
Trahenna Hill 44
Trajan’s Column 67, 74
Traprain Law 49, 76, 169, 187–9, 201, 244
Triads 44, 55
Tribruit River 111
Trier 86, 90
Trimontium 67, 68, 69, 73, 82
Trinovantes 54
Trumwine, Bishop of Abercorn 221
Tungrians 33, 62
Tweed River (and basin of) 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 41, 44, 49, 50, 68, 69, 73, 89, 90, 123, 130, 168, 179–80
see also Bernicia
Twynholm 202
Tyndrum (Taigh an Droma) 241–2
Tyne Valley 66
Tyninghame 185, 190
Tyrrhene Sea 47
Uhtred,. Earl of Bernicia 258–9
Ulster 57, 58, 95
ULTIMA THULE 25
Ural Mountains 54
Urbicus, Quintus Lollius 67, 68, 73, 74, 76
Urie Valley 22
Urien, King of Rheged 131, 132–5, 133, 135, 139–42, 144, 178, 200, 244, 244 (box)
Valentia 94, 96, 201
Valentinian III 86, 103
Vandals 117
Varus 29
Venicones 9, 49, 50, 52, 78
Venus 95
Venutius 41
Verturiones 86
Vesuvius 28
Vicus Banna Venta Berniae 95
Vikings 234–5, 247–8, 252, 253, 254
legacies in north-west Britain 248–50
Vindolanda 31, 43, 67, 72
Visigoths 117
Viventius 107
Vortigern 97, 99, 100, 101. 102, 103, 104, 112, 113, 114
Votadini 49, 52, 59, 68, 76, 88, 89, 90, 100, 138
Wagga 94
Wales see Cymru
Wallace’s Trench 7
WANSDYKE 121
Wars of Independence 7
Watling Lodge 75
Watson, W.J. 124
Well-Born (nobility) 129, 130, 157–8, 161, 168, 195
THE WELSH ALPHABET 160
WELSH LANGUAGE, WHAT HAPPENED? 162
Welsh language (Brythoniaid) 2–8, 10 (box), 23, 31, 43–4, 54–5, 59–60, 90, 96, 100–101, 104–6, 110 (box), 115, 121–4, 125 (box), 128, 129 (box), 133–6, 137 (box), 138, 144
Welshie’s Law 8
West Lothian 221
Whitby, Synod of 203–4, 205, 228–9
White, Rev Gilbert 223–4
Whitecross 184
Whithorn 28, 54, 107, 233
Whittinghame 185
William of Malmesbury 94, 237, 251
Williams, Gareth 200 (box)
Winwaed, battle at the 198–9
Wohletz, Ken 117
Wroxeter (Viroconium) 101, 120
Y Bedydd 116, 132
Y Mab Darogan 134
Yaevering, Northumberland 49
Yarrow Feus 4
THE YARROW STONE 42
Yarrow Valley 4, 7, 130
Yeavering (Ad Gefrin) 114, 123, 174–5
York (Caer Ebrauc) 62, 69, 91, 93, 126, 127, 131, 132, 253
York Minster 127, 128
Yorkshire 30, 41, 114
Yrfai map Golistan 172
Zenobia of Palmyra 104
The Catrail, near Galashiels
Callanish, Lewis
The Lochmaben Stane
The upper Solway Firth at low tide
The site of Flanders Moss
Traprain Law, East Lothian
Addinston Fort, the site of the Battle of Degsastan, and probably where Aedan’s men corralled their plundered cattle
Burnswark Hill
Dumbarton Rock
The Antonine Wall at Rough Castle
Hadrian’s Wall, showing the Whin Sill (left)
Bennachie, the site of Mons Graupius
The Farne Islands, looking towards Bamburgh Castle
Bamburgh Castle
Lindisfarne Castle
Roxburgh Castle
From Roxburgh Castle, looking east
The site of the monastery of Old Melrose (centre)
The Eildon Hills
Bewcastle Church, Cumbria
Bewcastle Cross
St Gordian’s Cross, Manor Valley
Manor Valley
Stirling Castle
Edinburgh Castle
The Faded Map: The Lost Kingdoms of Scotland Page 31