Solitude_A Return to the Self
Page 25
18. Ibid., p. 99.
19. Hermine Wittgenstein, ‘My Brother Ludwig’, in Ludwig Wittgenstein, Personal Recollections, edited by Rush Rhees (Oxford, 1981), p. 9.
20. Norman Malcolm, op. cit., p. 20.
21. M. O’C. Drury, ‘Conversations with Wittgenstein’, in Ludwig Wittgenstein, edited by Rush Rhees (Oxford, 1981), p. 140.
22. Anthony Storr, ‘Isaac Newton’, British Medical Journal (21–28 December 1985), 291, pp. 1779–84.
23. Richard S. Westfall, ‘Short-writing and the State of Newton’s Conscience, 1662’, Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 18 (1963), p. 13.
24. J. M. Keynes, ‘Newton the Man’, in G. Keynes (ed.), Essays in Biography (London, 1951), p. 311.
25. S. Brodetsky, Sir Isaac Newton (London, 1972), pp. 69, 89.
CHAPTER 11
1. Bernard Berenson, The Italian Painters of the Renaissance (London, 1959), p. 201.
2. Joseph Kerman, The Beethoven Quartets (Oxford, 1967), p. 12.
3. Ibid., p. 184.
4. Martin Cooper, Beethoven: The Last Decade (London, 1970), p. 11.
5. Joseph Kerman, op. cit., p. 322.
6. J. W. N. Sullivan, Betthoven (London, 1927), p. 225.
7. Wilfrid Meilers, Beethoven and the Voice of God (London, 1983), p. 402.
8. Maynard Solomon, Beethoven (London, 1978), p. 325.
9. Humphrey Searle, The Music of Liszt (New York, 1966), p. 108.
10. Malcolm Boyd, Bach (London, 1983), p. 208.
11. Mosco Carner, ‘Richard Strauss’s Last Years’, in The New Oxford History of Music, X, edited by Martin Cooper (Oxford, 1974), p. 325.
12. William Murdoch, Brahms (London, 1933), p. 155.
13. Denis Arnold, ‘Brahms’, in The New Oxford Companion to Music (Oxford, 1983), p. 254.
14. J. A. Fuller Maitland, ‘Brahms’, in Grove’s Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 5 volumes, third edition, edited by H. C. Colles, I, p. 452.
15. Friedrich Nietzsche, The Case of Wagner, translated by Walter Kaufmann (New York, 1967), p. 187.
16. Peter Latham, Brahms (London, 1966), p. 87.
17. Quoted in George R. Marek, Richard Strauss (London, 1967), p. 323.
18. Henry James, The Ambassadors, 2 Volumes (linden, 1923), I, p. 190.
19. Leon Edel, The Life of Henry James, 2 volumes (Harmondsworth, 1977), II, pp. 333–4.
20. Ralf Norrman, The Insecure World of Henry James’s Fiction (London, 1982), p. 138.
21. The Notebook of Henry James, edited by F. O. Matthicssen and Kenneth B. Murdock (Chicago, 1981), pp. 150–51.
22. Henry James, ‘The Beast in the Jungle’, in The Altar of the Dead (London, 1922), p. 123.
23. Ibid., p. 114.
24. Quoted in Leon Edel, op. cit., II, p. 694.
25. Ibid., p. 538.
CHAPTER 12
1. Plato, The Symposium, translated by W. Hamilton (Harmondsworth, 1951), p. 64.
2. Sigmund Freud, On the Universal Tendency to Debasement in the Sphere of Lave, Standard Edition, edited by James Strachey, 24 volumes, XI (London, 1957), pp. 188–9.
3. Marghanita Laski, Ecstasy (London, 1961), p. 148.
4. Sigmund Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents, Standard Edition, edited by James Strachey, 24 volumes, XXI (London, 1961), p. 65.
5. Ibid., p. 66.
6. Marghanita Laski, op. cit., p. 206.
7. Bertrand Russell, The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 3 volumes (London, 1967–9), I, p. 36.
8. C. P. Snow, The Search (London, 1934), pp. 126–7.
9. C. G. Jung, Memories, Dreams, Reflections (London, 1963), p. 191.
10. C. G. Jung, ‘The Development of Personality’, Collected Works, XVII (London, 1954), p. 171.
11. C. G. Jung, ‘Psychotherapists or the Clergy’, in Psychology and Religion: Collected Works, XI (London, 1958), p. 334.
12. Charles Rycroft, ‘Introduction: Causes and Meaning’, in Psychoanalysis Observed (London, 1966), p. 22.
13. C.G.Jung, ‘The Aims of Psychotherapy’, in The Practice of Psychotherapy. Collected Works, XVI (London, 1954), p. 41.
14. C.G.Jung, ‘Commentary on “The Secret of the Golden Flower”’, in Alchemical Stuthes: Collected Works, XIII (London, 1967), p. 46.
15. Ibid., p. 45.
16. C.G.Jung, Psychology and Religion: Collected Works, XI (London, 1958), pp. 81–2.
17. C.G. Jung, ‘Commentary on “The Secret of the Golden Flower”’, op. cit., pp. 47–8.
18. William James, The Varieties of Religious Experience (London, 1903), p. 289.
19. Ibid., p. 381.
20. Ibid., p. 175.
21. C. G.Jung, The Transcendent Function: Collected Works, VIII (London, 1969),p. 73.
22. W. M. Thackeray, Roundabout Papers, The Works of William Makepeace Thackeray with Biographical Introductions by his daughter, Anne Ritchie (London, 1903), XII, pp. 374–5.
23. J. W. Cross, George Eliot’s Life as related in her Letters and Journals (Edinburgh and London, 1885), III, pp. 421–5.
24. Friedrich Nietzsche, Ecce Homo, translated by R.J. Hollingdale (Harmondsworth, 1979), p. 48.
25. Abraham Maslow, The Farther Reaches of Human Nature (Harmondsworth, 1973), p. 59.
26. Ibid., pp. 63–4.
27. Ibid., p. 67.
28. William Wordsworth, The Prelude: The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, introduced by John Morley (London, 1950), p. 261.
Epigraphs
INTRODUCTION
Edward Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, edited by J. B.
Bury, 7 volumes. (London, 1898), V, p. 337.
CHAPTERS
John Milton, Paradise Lost, Book 8, line 364.
Michel De Montaigne, Of Solitude, from The Essays of Montaigne, translated by E. J. Trechmann (New York, 1946), p. 205.
Charles de Gaulle, Mémoires de Guerre, Vol. III (Paris, 1959), p. 288.
Francis Bacon, De Dignitote et Augmentis Scienliarum (ed. 1640, translated by Gilbert Watts), vii, 37.
Samuel Johnson, Boswell’s Life of Johnson, edited by G. Birkbeck Hill, 6 volumes. (Oxford, 1887), III, p. 341.
Thomas De Quincey, The Collected Writings of Thomas De Quincey, edited by David Masson, 14 volumes. (Edinburgh, 1889–1890), p. 235.
Carl G. Jung, The Psychology of the Unconscious, in The Collected Works of C. G. Jung, 20 volumes. (London, 1953–79), VII, p. 58.
Walt Whitman, Song of Myself, stanza 32, lines 684–5, in Leaves of Grass, edited by Emory Holloway (London, 1947), p. 52.
Graham Greene, Ways of Escape (Harmondsworth, 1981), p. 211. Edward Thomas, quoted in Edward Thomas, by R. George Thomas (Oxford, 1985), p. 162.
Quoted in Ben-Ami Scharfstein, The Philosophers (Oxford, 1980), p. 89. [Refers to L. Wittgenstein, Vermischte Bemerkungen (Oxford, 1978), p. 11 (1929).]
Alex Aronson, Music and the Novel (New Jersey, 1980), p. xiii.
William Wordsworth, The Prelude, from The Complete Poetical Works of William Wordsworth, introduced by John Morley (London, 1950), p. 239.
Index
The pagination of this electronic edition does not match the edition from which it was created. To locate a specific passage, please use the search feature of your e-book reader.
Abbs, Peter 77, 79–80
Aberbach, David 133, 140
At the Handles of Lock, Loss and Separation in Bialik and Wordsworth, 133
abstraction, 88–9, 104, 169
Adler, Alfred 86–7, 89
aggression, 7, 10, 17, 27, 82, 97, 100,1 48
Alexander, Franz 150
aloneness, vii, xii
capacity for, 16–29, 62, 69–71, 93, 201
in childhood, 106–7
in the presence of others, 19–22, 26, 94
fear of, 18
need for, 93,95
wish for, 18
Andersen, Hendrik 180
Andreasen Nancy C., 142
animals, 10–11, 16, 62–4,
66, 109–12, 116, 119
Aristophanes, 185–6
Aristotle, 160
Arnold, Denis, 177
Aronson, Alex 168
art, artists, vii, x, 68, 75–80, 107, 123, 147, 151–2, 160, 169, 180
attachment, ix, 8–15, 16, 18–21, 69–70, 83, 95, 107, 122, 127, 136
Auden, Wystan H. 150
Augustine, St. 80
Austen, Lady 137
autobiography, 75, 78, 80–1, 85
autonomy, 48–9, 155, 160, 164, 166
avoidance behaviour, (see ‘infant’)
Bacon, Francis 42
Bach, Johann Sebastian 175, 177–8
Balestier, Carrie 114
Balzac, Honoré de 98
Bartók, Bela 174
Bauer, Felice 102, 104
Bazin, Germain 75–6
Beethoven, Ludwig van 49, 52, 159, 170–4, 180
‘behavioral disorganization’ 99–191, 146, 149, 164
behaviour, animal 62–3
Bennet, Glin
Beyond Endurance, 40
bereavement, 12, 29–31, 115, 123–44
Berenson, Bernard 17, 169
Berkeley, George 160
Berlin, Sir Isaiah 160
Berryman, John 138
Bettelheim, Bruno 49, 81, 127
Bialik, Chaim 140
Birtchnell, John A. 126
blindness, 51
Boethius.
‘the Consoltion of Philosophy, 57, 141
Bone, Dr. Edith
Seven Years Solitary, 48
Bowlby,John 8–11, 15, 18, 21, 74, 82, 98, 127
Attachment and Loss, 8–10, 15
Boyd, Malcolm 175
Brahms, Johannes 25, 176–8
brainwashing, 50
Breuer, Josef 4
Brink, Andrew 133, 140–141
Creativity as Repair, Loss and Symbolic Repair, 133
Brod, Max 101
Brodetsky, S. 165
Brown, George 125–6, 128, 137
Buddha, The 34
Bunyan, John 57–58
Grace Abounding, The Pilgrim’s Progress, 58
Burckhardt, Jacob 77
Bumey, Chistopher
Solitary Confinement, 48
Burton, Robert
The Anatomy of Melancholy, 130
Byrd, Admiral R. 35–38, 51, 188
Byron, George Gordon, Lord 139
Canter, A. 142
Carpenter, Humphrey 108, 111–2
Secret Gardens, 108
Carrington, Charles 113–4
Catherine of Siena, St. 34
Cecil, David
The Stricken Deer. 133
‘chiastic inversion’, 181–2
Chopin, Fryderyk 170
Cimabue, 160
Clare, John 132, 142
Cohen, Stanley and Taylor, Laurie
Psychological Survival 56
coherence, 81, 84, 92, 145–167, 172
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor x, 138
Collins, William 138
competence, 126, 128
compliance, 7, 20, 47, 94–7, 100
concentration camps, 48–49, 153
confinement, solitary 42–49, 55, 58, 60, 110, 153
convergers, 89–92, 146
Cooper, Martin 171–2, 175
Cowper, William 133–8
Task, The 137
Crane, Hart 142
creative abilities 104
achievements, 74, 107
activities, 84
apperception, 71, 123
artists, 53, 107
endeavour xi
imagination 62, 67, 107, 123
interests, 73
person, people, vii–xii, 25–6, 66, 75
phantasy, 90
potential, 91, 123
powers, 143
process, 25, 198–200
production, 57
pursuits, xii
talent, vii–viii
task, 50
creativity, 52, 81, 199–202
as compensation, 123
as coping mechanism, 127–9, 131, 143
as repair, 123, 129, 143, 152
as response to loss, 123, 128–9, 132–4, 144
as therapy, 123, 129
Curchod, Suzanne xi
Day–Lewis, Cecil 139
deafness, 51–53, 170
death, 39–40, 61, 66, 76, 84, 113, 121, 124–30, 134–5, 137, 139, 153, 169
de Gaulle, Charles 29
De Quincey, Thomas, 73, 155
Dement, William C. 24
dependence, 11, 127, 136, 149–50
depression, depressive, 46, 54,93, 95–8, 112, 120–1, 123–145, 194
de Sade, Marquis 59–60
Descartes, René vii, 160
discontent, 63–4
‘disintegration anxiety’, 149, 164
divergere, 89–92, 98
Donaldson, Frances 117–8
Donne, John 133–4, 138
Dorati, Antal 49
Dostoevsky, F.M. 58–9
dramatists, 90–2, 98, 145, 182
dreams, day-dreams, 24–7, 50, 56, 62, 64, 65, 72, 77, 85, 108, 192
Durkheim, Emile 79
Dymant, Dora 103
Eagle, Morris, N. 152–3
Interests as Object Relations, 153
ecstasy,
and being in love, 186–7
and death, 39–40
and work, 189
religious, 135
union with Nature 17–18
Edel, Leon 180,182,184
Einstein, Albert 67, 159,188
Elgar, Edward 151
Eliot, George 198
empathy, 88, 104, 108, 150, 169
environment, 2, 62–4
Erikson, Erik 165
ethology, 9, 15
extravert, extraversion 85, 87–93, 98, 145–6
Faibairn, W. Ronald D. 8, 150
false self, 20, 94–5
fantasy, see phantasy
Firth, Raymond 76
Frege, Gottlob 161
Freud, Sigmund viii, x, 2–8, 37–40, 64–8, 75, 85–7, 97, 108, 121, 152, 169, 186–192
Civilisation and Its Discontents, 37
Creative Writers and Day-Dreaming, 64
Formulations on the Two Principles of Mental Functioning, 68
Introductory Lectures on Psycho-Anlysis, 5
Mourning and Melancholia, 97
The Freud-Jung Letters, 191
The Future of an Illusion, 37
Furtwangler, Wilhelm 179
Galileo Galilei, 199
Gardner, Howard 90–2, 145–6, 182
Gellner, Ernest 1–2, 13
genius vii–viii, x, 53, 161, 169–70, 198
Gibbon, Edward vii–x, 15, 72
The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, ix
Giotto, 160
God, 2, 82–3, 189, 192, 195–6
Goebbels, Joseph P. 179
Goethe,Johann Wolfgangv on 85
Gosse, Edmund 17
Goya y Lucientes, Francisco 53, 67
Greece,
mourning rituals 30
Greene, Graham 123, 129
Grey, Anthony 60–1
Hallam, Arthur 129–30, 133
hallucination, 24, 40, 46, 50, 54, 65–6, 153
harmony, 17, 36, 132, 188
Harris, Tirril 125–6, 128, 137
Haydn, Joseph 170
Heller, Erich 103
Hess, Rudolf 60
Hindemith, Paul 179
Hinkle, Lawrence E. 45–7
Hitler, Adolf 60, 179
Mein Kampf, 60
homosexuality, 112, 116, 130, 138, 163
Hopkins, Gerard Manley 142
Hudson, Liam 89, 92, 146
Hume, David 160
Huxley, Aldous 201
identity; xii, 20, 35, 73, 87, 110, 147–8, 201
imagination, 15, 19, 62–72, 75, 106–23, 132, 187, 197
‘active imagination’ 194, 198
impersonal, the xi, 70–1, 75, 176, 178, 201
individuality, individual, xii, 2–4, 8–10, 13, 18–21, 26–8, 66, 72, 73–85, 87, 110, 169, 191–2
individuation, 41, 80, 193, 196, 198–200
infant,
attachment behaviour 9, 6, 19, 69–70, 95
avoidance behaviour 95, 98–101, 104, 146
awareness of separate identity, 148
dependence on care, 168
depressive position, 100
insecure attachment 19, 95, 127
interaction with mother, 98–100, 148, 151
interaction with peers 16–17
paranoid-schizoid position 100, 102
placation, 95, 97
sexual development 3
treatment of, 10
integration, xii, 22–23, 28, 35, 193, 197
intelligence, 26–7, 63, 91, 155
interests, x–xii, 73–4, 84, 152–3, 201
interrogation, 23, 44–8, 54–5, 148
introvert, introversion 85, 87–93, 98, 104, 14–67, 161, 163
isolation, xii, 10, 13, 17, 19, 43–7, 51, 53, 84, 106–22, 154
as punishment, 43–48
as therapy, 33
James, Henry 179–184
The Ambassadors, 179–81, 184
The Beast in the Jungle, 182–4
The Golden Bowl, 179, 182, 184
The Sacred Fount, 181–2, 184
The Wings of the Deve, 179, 184
James, William
Varieties of Religious Experience, The 37–8, 195–7
Jamison, Kay R. 142
Jarrell, Randall 142
Jesensll, Milena 103–4
Jesus, 34, 135
Jews,
mourning rituals, 31
slaughter of, 101
Johnson, Samuel 62–4
The History of Rassetm. 63
Jung,CG. 2, 40–1, 75, 85–7, 129, 146, 150, 169, 190–200
Psychologies! Types, 85, 88
The Psychology of the Unconscious, 191
The Freud-Jung Letters, 191
Kafka, Franz 98, 101–4, 145–6, 149, 153
Kant, Immanuel vii, 155–15 8, 160, 166
Keats, John 40, 133, 139
Kekulé, F. A. von 67, 72
Kepler, Johannes 199