by Will Durant
and Montaigne, 101, 413
on origin of planets, 589
and portrait (Hals), 486
scientific researches, 587, 588, 641–42
skepticism of, 572, 613
universal-mechanism theory, 177, 593, 642–44
De signatura return (Böhme), 553
Desmond, Gerald Fitzgerald, 15th Earl of (d. 1583), 29, 38
Dessau, battle of (1626), 559
De statu religionis et reipublicae Carolo V Caesare (Sleidanus), 547
Detectio Mariae Reginae (Buchanan), 135
Deventer, Netherlands, Dutch victory at, 457
Devereux, Penelope, Lady Rich (1562?–1607), 72
Devereux, Robert, see Essex, 2d Earl of
Devereux, Walter, see Essex, 1st Earl of
De vertiate (Herbert of Cherbury), 186–87
Devil Is an Ass, The (Jonson), 151
De vita, moribus, et doctrina Epicuri and De vita, moribus, et placitis Epicuri (Gassendi), 635
Diablo cojuelo, El (Vélez de Guevara), 310
Dialogues of Orasius Tabero (La Mothe), 614–15
Diana enamorada (Montemayor), 67, 257, 417
Diane de Poitiers, Duchess of Valentinois (1490–1566), 338
Díaz de Bivar, Rodrigo (El Cid: 1040?–99), 422*
Dickens, Charles (1812–70), 313
dictionaries, first: English, 51
French, 416
Italian, 256
South American Indian, 249
Didactica magna (Comenius), 582
Diderot, Denis (1713–84), 182, 414
Dido, Queen of Carthage (Marlowe and Nash), 69, 85
Diet, Electoral, see Holy Roman Empire, electors
Diet, Imperial, see under Holy Roman Empire
Digby, Sir Kenelm (1603–65), 167
Digges, Leonard (d. 1571?), 165
Digges, Thomas (c. 1545–95), 165
Dijon, France, Huguenot massacre at, 352
Dillingen, Jesuit church and college at, 549, 553
Dini, Piero, Cardinal (fl. 1615), 606–7
Dio Cassius (155–240?), 149
Diodorus Siculus (1st cent. B.C.), 66
Dioptrice (Kepler), 587
Discouerie of Witchcraft, The (Scot), 163
Discours de la méthode (Descartes), 175, 638–40, 644–46
Discourse … for a New Passage to Cataia (Sir Humphrey Gilbert), 166
Discourses (Machiavelli), 629
Discours sur la servitude volontaire (La Boétie), 401
Discovery of the Large, Rich, and Beautiful Empire of Guiana, The (Raleigh), 39
Distributio operis (Bacon), 173
divine right of kings, see absolutism
Dmitri I (the “False Dmitri”), Czar (1605–1606), 514–16
Dmitri Ivanovich, Czarevich (1581–91), 513–14
Dnieper and Dniester rivers, Turkish control of, 518
Dobson, William (1610–46), 200, 476
Doctor Faustus (Marlowe), 81, 83–84, 267
Doelen paintings, 485–86
Dog and the Fever, The (Quevedo), 306
Domenichino (Domenico Zampieri: 1581–1641), 234, 236–37
domestic system, 47, 184–85
Dominic, Saint (1170–1221), 239
Dominicans, 238, 616
in America, 251
in China, 248–49
and Galileo, 607f.
and Molina, 246
in Spain, 275
and witchcraft persecution, 578
Dominis, Marco Antonio de (1566–1624), 587
Donato, Leonardo, Doge of Venice (r. 1606–1612), 228–29
Don Giovanni (Mozart), 310
Don Juan (Byron), 310
Donne, John (1573–1631), 64, 71, 143, 154–156, 182, 482, 647
Don Quixote (Cervantes), 267, 295, 300–304
Don River, Tatar control of, 518
Dordrecht, Netherlands, school of artists, 483; see also Dort Dorotea, La (Vega), 308
Dorpat, Esthonia, capture of (1625), 500
University of, 501, 503, 583*
Dort (Dordrecht), Synod of (1618), 460
Dortmund, Germany, Catholicism restored in, 561
Dostoevski, Feodor (1821–81), 101
Douai, Spanish Netherlands, 20, 454
Douay Bible, 20
Douglas, George (fl. 1568), 123
Douglas of Lochleven, Sir William (d. 1606), 123
Dowland, John (1563–1626), 60
Downs, battle of the (1639), 289, 461
Drake, Sir Francis (1545?–96), 31, 32, 34–37, 38, 58, 63
drama: Caroline, 192–93
classic, Dutch, 481
classic, English, 147–49
classic, French, 78, 99, 108, 109, 313, 398, 417, 420–26, 481, 645–646
in education, 80, 245, 421
Elizabethan (“romantic”), 13–16, 58, 59, 64, 66, 77–109, 147, 194, 422, 426
Greek, 66, 78, 88, 100, 109, 254–55, 420, 422, 481
historical, English, 89, 96, 99, 143
Italian, 251, 257, 260, 313
Jacobean, 50, 99
Latin, 67
musical, 273
religious, 547–48
Restoration, 108, 144
Spanish, 288, 295, 299, 303–4, 507–15, 422
Drayton, Michael (1563–1631), 76, 104, 107
Dresden, Germany, 546, 552, 591
dress: Elizabethan, 56–57
French, 396
Italian, 253
Persian, 532, 535
Spanish, 277
Dreux, France, battle of (1562), 343
“Drink to me only with thine eyes” (Jonson), 146, 151
Drummond of Hawthornden, William (1585–1649), 9, 96*, 148
drunkenness, 58, 480, 495–96, 532, 544, 548
Drury, Elizabeth, 155
Drury, Sir Robert, 155
Dryden, John (1631–1700), 107–8
Dublin, 30
University of, 30, 583*
Du Bourg, Anne (1521–59), 336–37
Duchess of Malfi, The (Webster), 145–46
Du Deffand, Marie, Marquise of (1697–1780), 414
Dudley, Lady Mary, m. Sir Henry Sidney, 70
Dudley, Robert, see Leicester, Earl of
dueling, 276, 383, 394–95, 423
Duisburg, University of, 590
Dulwich College (London), 81
Dumonstier, Daniel (1574–1646), 365
Dunbar, Scotland, Mary Stuart at, 119, 122, 123
Duns Scotus, John (c. 1265–1308), 67
Duplessis-Mornay, Philippe (1549–1623), 359, 361, 363, 614
Duquesnoy, François (1594–1643?), 463, 473
Durham, England, in northern rebellion, 125
Dutch arts, 266, 267, 482–94
Dutch Empire, 478
Dutch Guiana (Surinam), 478
Dutch language, 436, 462, 480
dykes, Netherlands, 447, 454, 477, 589
Eastern Christian Church, 519
East India Company, Dutch, 159, 477, 491
East India Company, English, 49, 50, 159, 531
East Indies: Dutch in, 477–78
Dutch trade with, 466
Portuguese in, 291
East Prussia, anti-Calvinism in, 552
Swedish conquest of, 500
Eastward Ho! (Chapman, Jonson, Marston), 50, 149
Eboli, Ana de Mendoza, Princess of (1540–1592), 283
Eboli, Ruy Gómez, Prince of (d. 1573), 283
Eclectic school, see under painting
Edgehill, battle of (1642), 169, 213
Edict of Amboise (1563), 343–44, 345
Edict of Beaulieu, 358–59
Edict of Grace (1629), 382
Edict of January (1562), 341–42
Edict of July (1561), 340
Edict of Nantes (1598), 45, 367, 377–78, 417
Edict of Restitution (1629), 561, 563, 566, 571
Edinburgh, Scotland: Calvinism in, 112–13, 116
Holyrood Palace, 113, 114, 119, 120, 121, 134
hostility to Mary, 123
riots in, 134, 206
Treaty of (1560), 112
University of, 583*
education: Bacon’s views on, 174, 176
church control of, 495, 557, 583
Comenius’ principles of, 582–83
compulsory, 284, 583
Denmark, 495
drama used in, 80, 245, 421
England, 17, 51–52, 59, 64, 66, 71, 80
Germany, 383, 546, 583
Jesuit, 244–45, 421, 422, 427 (see also Jesuits, schools and colleges)
medical, 167, 591, 593
musical, 59, 546
Montaigne on, 399
Poland, 509
Russia, 515
Spain, 284, 295
state control of, 17, 583
Sweden, 501, 503–4
after 30
Years’ War, 579
United Provinces, 479
of women, 71, 376; see also universities
Edward II (Marlowe), 84–85, 89
Edward III, King of England (1327–77), 4
Edward VI, King of England (1547–53), 4, 6, 9, 48, 70, 110
Effiat, Antoine Coiffler, Marquis of (1581–1632), 387
Egerton, Sir Thomas (1540?–1617), 155
Egmont, Anne of (Anna van Buren: d. 1558), 1st wife of William I of Orange, 437–38
Egmont, Lamoral, Count of (1522–68), 280, 437, 439, 441, 443, 444–46
Egypt, 518, 519
Dutch trade with, 482
“Eighty Years’ War,” 446–61
Eine wahrhaftige neue Zeitung, 554
Eisenhut, Anton (fl. 1588), 551
Elbe River outlet, control of, 570
election, doctrine of, see predestination
electors, Imperial (Electoral Diet), see under Holy Roman Empire
electricity, study of, 166
Elements (Euclid), 601
Eliot, Sir John (1592–1632), 201, 202–4
Elizabeth I, Queen of England (1558–1603), 3–45, 48, 49, 51, 53, 59, 82, 94, 136, 263, 337, 338, 502
absolutism of, 7, 45, 47, 133, 138, 139, 204, 220
aides, 5–7, 8, 38, 45, 52
and Alençon, 11, 17, 32, 55, 70, 354, 358
appearance, 5, 38, 57
and the Armada, 34–38
at Cambridge and Oxford, 51, 503
conspiracies to assassinate or dethrone, 6, 8, 33, 34, 81, 91, 114, 126–29, 240, 242, 280, 451, 629
court of, 11–15
death, 44
education and learning, 4, 9, 12–13, 44, 51
and English Renaissance, 13–15, 63, 79, 126
and Essex, 40–43
eulogized by contemporaries, 11, 44–45, 66, 618
excommunication of, 19–20, 21, 31, 239
final years, 43–45
“Golden Speech” (1601), 43
government and statesmanship, 5–9, 44–45
Hatfield speech (1558), 4
and Huguenots, 8, 18, 342, 354, 362
illegitimacy question, 4, 110
and Ireland, 28–30
and Leicester, 9–12, 14, 23, 38, 457
manners, 11–12
and Mary Stuart, 4, 10, 12, 43–44, 110, 111, 112, 114, 118, 121, 123–25, 127, 129–30, 285
monopolies to favorites, 7, 14, 43, 48, 50, 61
and Netherland revolt, 8, 33, 73, 285, 445, 446–47, 457
and parliamentary freedom, 26, 43
parsimony, 12, 37, 73
and Philip II of Spain, 7, 8, 10, 30–37, 280, 282, 285, 446–447, 457
popularity, 7–8, 13
portraits of, 61, 268
and privateers, 31–34
progresses of, 8, 14, 38
and Raleigh, 38–40
and Reformation, 13, 63, 102, 126
religious views and policies, 4, 7, 8, 15–28, 33, 38, 43, 59, 87, 134, 141, 178, 284, 647
and sciences, 164, 165
and Shakespeare, 92
and the Sidneys, 14, 55, 70–73
and Spenser, 74
splendor of, 7, 11, 14, 38, 56, 137
succession problem, 10, 43–44, 110, 129
Elizabeth of Austria, Queen of Charles IX of France (m. 1570), 346–47, 355, 393, 427, 430
Clouet’s portrait of, 430
Elizabeth of Bourbon (m. Philip IV of Spain), see Isabel of Bourbon
Elizabeth of the Palatinate and Bohemia (Elizabeth Stuart: 1596–1662), wife of Elector Frederick V, King of Bohemia, 157, 213, 552, 557–58, 644
Elizabeth, Princess Palatine (1618–80), 641, 644
Elizabeth of Valois (1545–68), Queen of Spain as 3d wife of Philip II, 278, 280–81, 344, 455
Elsass, 387
Elsheimer, Adam (1578–1610), 550
Elzevir, house of, 611
Elzevir, Louis (1540?–1617), 579
Emerson, Ralph Waldo (1803–82), 414, 510
Éminence Grise (Father Joseph: 1577–1638), 386
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy (r. 1553–1580), 225, 226
Empedocles (5th cent, B.C.), 624
Empire, First (French, 1804–15), 420
empiricism, 163, 175, 646
Enchiridion (Epictetus), 66
enclosures, 46, 178, 185, 204, 217
Encyclopédie (Diderot, d’Alembcrt et al), 182
Endymion (Keats), 76
Endymion (Lyly), 81
Enghien, Duke of, see Condé, Louis II of
engineering, 164, 266, 457, 477, 589
England, 3–221
army, 5, see also New Model Army
art, 61–63
Civil Wars, see Civil Wars, England
colonics, see Americas
commerce and industry, 5, 7, 33, 46, 48–50, 159, 163, 166, 185, 219, 273, 294, 332, 519, 528–29, 543, 559–60
Commonwealth (1649–1660), 197
Dutch-English wars, 205, 478
economic and social conditions, 5, 7, 45–50, 184–85
French alliance (1624), 160, 558
French-English war, 185, 202, 559
in French Religious Wars, 342–43, 362
Glorious Revolution (1688), 220
literature, 65–109, 142–56, 172–83
maritime supremacy, 37, 49, 285, 314, 559–60
navy, 5, 31, 55–57, 205
and Netherland revolt, 33, 73, 285, 446–47, 457
northern rebellion, 125–26
Parliament, see Parliament, English
Poor Laws (1563–1601), 48
population (1581), 46; (1640), 185
regional, class, and religious groupings in, 15, 17, 185, 187, 212–13
Restoration (1660), 107, 108, 188, 197, 214
Spain’s invasion projects, 21–23, 34–38, 125, 126, 242, 285, 286, 291, 451, 457
Spanish-English wars, 33–38, 157, 160, 201, 286, 293–94
Spanish peace treaties, 286 (1604), 471 (1629)
succession question, 4, 110, 129, 136
treaty with Turks (“capitulations”), 524*; see also Anglican Church
British Empire
Privy Council, English
Puritans
English language, 51
English Turkey Company, 49
engraving, 429, 432, 472, 550
Enlightenment, French, 182, 250, 414, 646
Entragues, Henriette d’, Marquise of Verneuil (1579–1633), 369–70, 372
Épernon, Jean Louis de Nogaret de La Valette, Duke of (1554–1642), 374
epics: Hungarian, 547
Italian, 258, 259, 260–261, 263–65
Portuguese, 291–93
Spanish, 304–5
Epictetus (fl. C. A.D. 60), 66
“Epicureans” (skeptics), 16, 614
Epicurus (342?–270 B.C.), philosophy of, 101, 406, 616, 635–36
episcopacy, Anglican: abolition and restoration of, 134, 214
and bishops’ exclusion bill, 209
and Grand Remonstrance, 211
and Hampton Court Conference, 139–40
vs. presbyteries of Kirk, 132–34, 187, 205–6
(“Laud’s Canons”)
Puritan opposition to, 24–26, 187, 189–90
Epithalamium (Spenser), 75–77
Epitome (Florus, ed. Salmasius), 582
Epitome of the Copernican Astronomy (Kepler), 599
Erasmus Desiderius (1466?–1536), 275, 404, 436, 459, 483, 614
Erastus, Thomas (1524–83), 578
Ercilla y Zuñiga, Alonso de (1533–94), 304–305
Eric XIV, King of Sweden (1560–68), 497
Erivan, Persia, 528, 534
Errors in the Government of the Society of Jesus, The (Mariana), 297
Escobedo, Juan de (d. 1578), 283
Escorial Palace, 37, 62, 268, 279, 280, 285, 314, 317, 473
library, 579
Panteón, 279
Essais (Montaigne), 404–15, 615, 632
Essays (Francis Bacon), 68, 176
Essays (Emerson), 414
Essex, Lettice Knollys Devereux, Countess of, later Countess of Leicester (1541?–1634), 40
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2d Earl of (1566–1601), 6, 13, 14, 38–43
Azores expedition, 39, 41, 154, 283
and Bacon, 40–42
Cádiz expedition, 37, 41, 65, 154, 283
execution of, 43
in Ireland, 30, 41
patron of actors and authors, 65, 74, 76
and Raleigh, 39, 157
rebellion and trial, 42, 94, 137, 141
and Shakespeare, 42, 93, 94
Essex, Robert Devereux, 3d Earl of (1591–1646), 213, 215
Essex, Walter Devereux, 1st Earl of (1541?–1576), 29, 72
Established Church, see Anglican Church
Este, house of, 225
Este, Alfonso II d’, Duke of Ferrara (r. 1559–1597), 232, 259, 261–63, 265
Este, Francesco II d’, 324
Este, Isabella d’ (1474–1539), 227
Este, Leonora d’, 259–60
Este, Lucrezia d’, 259–60, 261–63
Este, Luigi, Cardinal d’ (fl. 1570), 259–60, 262
Esthonia, 500, 570
Estienne, Henri II (1528?–98), 579
Estienne, Robert III (1560–1630), 579
Estissac, Baron of, 411
Estrées, Gabrielle d’ (1573–99), 369, 370, 394
Estrella de Sevilla, La (Vega), 309
etchings, 429, 492
Ethics (Aristotle), 66
Ethics (Spinoza), 646
Eton College, 51, 63, 66
Eucharist, see Communion
Euclid (fl. 300 B.C.), 165, 601, 639
Eudes, Saint John (1601–80), 376
Euphrates River, 527
Euphues, or The Anatomy of Wit (Lyly), 67–69, 72
euphuism, 306
Euridice (Peri), 254, 255
Euripides (5th cent, B.C.), 422
Evelyn, John (1620–1706), 108, 226, 235, 427, 579
Every Man in His Humour (Jonson), 89, 147