Curtis, William. Assistant Plates to the Materia Medica. London: Frys and Couchman, 1786.
———. Botanical Magazine. 14 vols. London: Couchman, 1787–1800.
———. A Catalogue of the British, Medicinal, Culinary, and Agricultural Plants, Cultivated in the London Botanic Garden. London: B. White, 1783.
———. Flora Londinensis; or Plates and Descriptions of Such Plants as Grow Wild in the Environs of London. 6 vols. London: B. White, 1777–1798.
———. Lectures on Botany. Edited by Samuel Curtis. 3 vols. London: William Philips/H. D. Symonds, 1803–1805.
———. Linnaeus’s System of Botany. London: Printed for and sold by the Author and B. White, London, 1777.
———. Practical Observations on the British Grasses. London: Couchman, 1790a.
———. Proposal for a Course of Herbarizing Excursions. London: [no. pub.], 1792.
———. Proposals for Opening by Subscription, a Botanic Garden, To be Called the London Botanic Garden. London: J. Andrews, 1778.
———. Subscription Catalogue of the Brompton Botanic Garden for the Year 1790. London: Published by W. Curtis, 1790b.
———. The Subscription Catalogue of the Brompton Botanic Garden for the Year 1792. London: Published by W. Curtis, 1792.
Delacoste, [Jean-Baptiste?]. Catalogue of the Natural Productions and Curiosities, Which Compose the Collections of the Cabinet of Natural History. New York: Isaac Collins and Son, 1804.
Delile, Alire Raffeneau. Flore d’Égypte, explication des planches. Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1813.
———. An Inaugural Dissertation on Pulmonary Consumption. New York: T. and J. Swords, 1807.
———. Leçon de botanique. Montpellier, France: Auguste Ricard, 1833.
Douglas, David. Journal Kept by David Douglas during his Travels in North America, 1823–1827. London: William Wesley and Son, 1914.
Downing, Andrew Jackson. “Descriptive Notice of J. W. Knevels Esq.’s Collection of Exotic Plants at Newburgh, N.Y.” American Gardener’s Magazine 2 (1836): 96–102. Boston: Hovey & Co, 1836.
———. Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, Adapted to North America. New York and London: Wiley and Putnam, 1841.
Duncan, Andrew, Jr. Edinburgh New Dispensatory. Worcester, MA: Isaiah Thomas, Jr., 1805.
———. Edinburgh New Dispensatory. Edited by Jacob Dyckman. New York: James Eastman, 1818.
Earle, Sir James. A Treatise on the Hydrocele. 1st ed. London: J. Johnson, 1791.
———. A Treatise on the Hydrocele. 2nd ed. London: J. Johnson, 1796.
Emerson, Ralph Waldo. Nature. Boston: James Monroe and Co., 1836.
Field, Henry. Memoirs Historical and Illustrative of the Botanic Garden at Chelsea. London: R. Gilbert, 1820.
Floy, Michael, Jr. The Diary of Michael Floy, Jr., Bowery Village, 1833–1837. Edited by Richard Albert Edward Brooks. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1941.
[Francis, John Wakefield.] “David Hosack.” In National Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Americans, edited by James Herring and James B. Longacre, vol. 2, pp. 351–64. New York: Monson Bancroft, 1835.
Francis, John Wakefield. Old New York; or, Reminiscences of the Past Sixty Years. New York: C. Roe, 1858.
Francis, Samuel W. Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Living New York Surgeons. New York: J. Bradburn, 1866.
Gentle, Andrew. Every Man His Own Gardener. New York: Sold, wholesale and retail, by Alexander Smith, Nursery and Seedsman; and by the author, 1841.
Gross, Samuel D. Autobiography of Samuel D. Gross, M.D. Edited by Samuel W. Gross. 2 vols. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1893.
Hamilton, James A. Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton. New York: Charles Scribner & Co., 1869.
Hone, Philip. The Diary of Philip Hone. Edited by Bayard Tuckerman. 2 vols. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1889.
Hosack, Alexander Eddy. “David Hosack.” In Lives of Eminent American Physicians and Surgeons of the Nineteenth Century, edited by Samuel D. Gross, 289–337. Philadelphia: Lindsay & Blakiston, 1861.
Hosack, Alexander, Jr. An Inaugural Essay on the Yellow Fever. New York: T. and J. Swords, 1797.
Humboldt, Alexander von. Alexander von Humboldt und die Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika. Briefwechsel. Edited by Ingo Schwarz. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 2004.
———. Briefe aus Amerika, 1799–1804. Edited by Ulrike Moheit. Berlin: Akademie Verlag, 1993.
Hunt, Freeman. Letters about the Hudson River. New York: Freeman Hunt and Co., 1836.
Irving, Pierre Munro, ed. The Life and Letters of Washington Irving. 3 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1864.
Irving, Washington. A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty . . . by Diedrich Knickerbocker. 2 vols. New York: Inskeep & Bradford, 1809.
Jefferson, Thomas. Notes on the State of Virginia. London: John Stockdale, 1787.
Joly, Nicolas. Éloge historique d’Alyre Raffeneau Delile. Toulouse, France: Douladoure Frères, 1859.
Kalm, Peter [Pehr]. Travels into North America. Translated by John Reinhold Forster. 2nd ed. 2 vols. London: T. Lowndes, 1772.
Kames, Henry Home, Lord. The Gentleman Farmer. 3rd ed. Edinburgh: John Bell, 1788.
Laight, Henry. Diaries, 1795–1803, 1816–1822. Manuscript Collection, New York-Historical Society.
Lewis, Meriwether, and William Clark. The Lewis and Clark Journals. Edited by Gary E. Moulton. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2003.
Lewis, William. Edinburgh New Dispensatory. Edinburgh: Charles Elliot, 1786.
———. Edinburgh New Dispensatory. Edinburgh: William Creech, 1791.
———. Edinburgh New Dispensatory. 3rd American Edition, from 4th Edinburgh Edition. Walpole, NH: D. Carlisle, 1796.
Lindley, John. “Hosackia bicolor.” Edward’s Botanical Register 15, no. 6 (1829): [np; plate 1257]. London: James Ridgway, 1829.
Linnaeus, Carl. The Elements of Botany . . . Being a Translation of the Philosophia Botanica. Translated by Hugh Rose. London: T. Cadell, 1775.
———. Species Plantarum. Facsimile of 1st ed., 1753. London: Ray Society, 2013.
———. Systema Naturae. Originally published 1735. Edited by Johan Friedrich Gmelin. 2 vols. Leipzig: Georg Emanuel Beer, 1788–1793.
Marshal, Andrew. The Morbid Anatomy of the Brain, in Mania and Hydrophobia. Edited by Solomon Sawrey. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, 1815.
Martineau, Harriet. Retrospect of Western Travel. 2 vols. London: Saunders and Otley, 1838.
McMahon, Bernard. The American Gardener’s Calendar. Philadelphia: B. Graves, 1806.
McVickar, John. A Domestic Narrative of the Life of Samuel Bard. New York: Paul, 1822.
Michaux, André. Flora Boreali-Americana. 2 vols. Paris: Chez Levrault Frères, 1803.
———. Histoire des Chênes de l’Amérique. Paris: Chez Levrault Frères, 1801.
Michaux, François André. Histoire des arbres Forestiers de l’Amérique septentrionale. 3 vols. Paris: L. Haussmann et d’Hautel, 1810–1813.
———. The North American Sylva. Translated by Augustus L. Hillhouse. 2 vols. Paris: C. d’Hautel, 1819.
———. Travels to the West of the Alleghany [sic] Mountains. London: Richard Phillips, 1805.
———. Voyage à l’ouest des monts Alléghanys. Paris: Chez Levrault, Schoell et Compagnie, 1804.
Milbert, Jacques Gérard. Itinéraire pittoresque du fleuve Hudson et des parties laterales de l’Amérique du Nord. 2 vols. Paris: Henri Gaugain et Cie, 1828.
———. Picturesque Itinerary of the Hudson River and the Peripheral Parts of North America. Translated by Constance D. Sherman. Ridgewood, NJ: The Gregg Press, 1968.
Miller, John. An Illustration of the Sexual System of Linnaeus. London: Published for the author, 1779.
———. An Illustration of the Termini Botanici of Linnaeus. London: Published for the author, 1789.
[Mitchill, Samuel Latham.] “Histo
ry of the Worm, Which Spread Terror through New York and the Neighbouring States in June and July 1806.” Medical Repository, Hexade 2, vol. 4, no. 1 (May–July 1806): 98–100.
Mitchill, Samuel Latham. A Discourse on the Character and Services of Thomas Jefferson. New York: G. and C. Carvill, 1826.
———. A Discourse on the Life and Character of Samuel Bard. New York: Fanshaw, 1821.
———. The Picture of New-York. New York: I. Riley, 1807.
———. Remarks on the gaseous oxyd [sic] of azote or of nitrogene. New York: T. and J. Swords, 1795.
Moore, Clement Clarke. Plain Statement, Addressed to the Proprietors of Real Estate, in the City and County of New-York. New York: J. Eastburn and Co., 1818.
Morris, George Pope. The Little Frenchman and His Water Lots. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard, 1839.
Mott, Valentine. Reminiscences of Medical Teaching and Teachers in New York. New York: Jennings, 1850.
Muhlenberg, Henry. Catalogus plantarum Americae Septentrionalis. Lancaster, PA: William Hamilton for the author, 1813.
New-York Hospital. Charter of the Society of the New-York Hospital, and the Laws Relating Thereto, with the By-Laws and Regulations of the Institution and Those of the Bloomingdale Asylum for the Insane. New York: John R. M’Gown, 1845.
Nuttall, Thomas. Genera of North American Plants. 2 vols. Philadelphia: Printed for the author by D. Heartt, 1818.
Parmentier, André. “Landscapes and Picturesque Gardens.” In New American Gardener, edited by T. G. Fessenden, 184–86. Boston: J. B. Russell, 1828.
Plantsman’s ledger, 1793–1796. Manuscript [author unknown], Mertz Library, New York Botanical Garden.
Prince, William. Catalogue of American Indigenous Trees, Plants, and Seeds, Cultivated and for Sale at the Linnaean Botanic Garden, Flushing, Long-Island, near New-York. New York: T. and J. Swords, 1820.
Pursh, Frederick. Flora Americae Septentrionalis. 2 vols. London: White, Cochrane, and Co., 1814.
Review of “An Address Delivered Before the New-York Historical Society at its Fortieth Anniversary,” by John Romeyn Brodhead. Knickerbocker 25, no. 3 (1845): 250–54 [no author].
Review of History of the American Oaks, by André Michaux. Medical Repository 6, no. 1 (1803): 64–70 [no author].
Ross, John. A Voyage of Discovery, Made under the Orders of the Admiralty, in His Majesty’s Ships Isabella and Alexander. . . . London: John Murray, 1819.
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. Letters on the Elements of Botany Addressed to a Lady. Translated by Thomas Martyn. 2nd ed. London: Printed for B. White and Son, 1787.
Royal Society. “List of the Fellows of the Royal Society (1660–2007).” London: Royal Society, 2007.
Royall, Anne. Sketches of History, Life, and Manners in the United States. New Haven, CT: Printed for the author, 1826.
Rush, Benjamin. “An Account of the Sugar Maple-Tree, of the United States. . . .” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 3 (1793): 64–81.
———. Medical Inquiries and Observations: Containing an Account of the Bilious and Remitting and Intermitting Yellow Fever, as it Appeared in Philadelphia in the Year 1794, vol. 4. Philadelphia: Thomas Dobson, 1796.
———. “On the Means of Lessening the Pains and Danger of Child-Bearing.” Medical Repository 6, no. 1 (1803): 26–31.
Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach, Bernhard zu. Reise seiner Hoheit des Herzogs Bernhard zu Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach durch Nord-Amerika in den Jahren 1825 und 1826. Edited by Heinrich Luden. 2 vols. Weimar: Wilhelm Hoffman, 1828.
Savigny, John. A Catalogue of Chirurgical instruments, Made and Sold by J. H. Savigny. [London,] 1800.
Sawrey, Solomon. “Sketch of the Life of Dr. Marshal.” In The Morbid Anatomy of the Brain, in Mania and Hydrophobia by Andrew Marshal, pp. i–xxxiv. Edited by Solomon Sawrey. London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, & Brown, 1815.
Sayers, Edward. American Flower Garden Companion. Boston: Joseph Breck and Company; New York: G. C. Thorburn, 1838.
———. “Notes and Observations on Gardens and Nurseries in the Vicinity of Newark, N.J., New York, Hartford, and Boston.” Magazine of Horticulture, Botany, and All Useful Discoveries and Improvements in Rural Affairs 3, no. 9 (September 1837): 321–30. Boston: Hovey and Co.
Sharples, Ellen. Diary (typescript). Bristol (England) Record Office, 1810–1836.
Short, Thomas. Medicina Britannica. London: R. Manby and H. Shute Cox, 1746.
“Sketch of the Weather and Diseases in the Summer and Autumn of 1806.” Medical Repository 4 [“4th of second hexade”], no. 2 (1807): 214–15 [no author].
Smith, Elihu Hubbard. The Diary of Elihu Hubbard Smith (1771–1798). Edited by James E. Cronin. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1973.
Speechly, William. Treatise on the Culture of the Vine. Dublin: P. Wogan, 1791.
Thacher, James. American Medical Biography. 2 vols. Boston: Richardson and Lord, 1828.
———. American New Dispensatory. 1st ed. Boston: T. B. Wait and Co., 1810.
———. American New Dispensatory. 2nd ed. Boston: T. B. Wait and Co., 1813.
———. “An Excursion on the Hudson, Letter I.” New England Farmer and Horticultural Journal 9, no. 19 (1830): 148–49.
———. “An Excursion on the Hudson, Letter II.” New England Farmer and Horticultural Journal 9, no. 20 (1830): 156–57.
“The Linnean Herbarium.” In Hooker’s Journal of Botany and Kew Garden Miscellany, vol. 4, 217–20. London: Reeve and Co., 1852 [no author].
Thoreau, Henry David. Walden. Edited by Jeffrey S. Cramer. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004 [1854].
Thornton, Robert John. “Letter from Doctor Thornton to Dr. Beddoes,” dated 7 December 1793. In Letters from Dr. Withering, of Birmingham, Dr. Ewart, of Bath, Dr. Thornton, of London, and Dr. Biggs, Late of the Isle of Santa-Cruz, edited by Thomas Beddoes, 22–24. Bristol, UK: Bulgin and Rosser, 1794.
———. New Illustration of the Sexual System of Linnaeus. London: T. Bensley, 1807.
———. “Sketch of the Life and Writings of the Late Mr. William Curtis.” In Lectures on Various Subjects as Delivered in the Botanic Garden at Lambeth, by William Curtis and edited by Samuel Curtis, vol. 3, 1–32. London: H. D. Symonds, 1805.
Torrey, John. “Calendarium Florae for the Vicinity of New York.” Manuscript, 1818–1820. Mertz Library, New York Botanical Garden.
———, Caspar Wistar Eddy, and D’Jurco V. Knevels. A Catalogue of Plants Growing Spontaneously within Thirty Miles of the City of New York. Albany, NY: Webster and Skinners, 1819.
Trollope, Frances. Domestic Manners of the Americans. 2 vols. 4th ed. London: Printed for Whitaker, Treacher, & Co., 1832.
[Verplanck, Gulian.] Procès Verbal of the Ceremony of Installation of President of the New-York Historical Society as it will be performed February 8, 1820. New York: [no publisher], 1820.
Webster, Noah, Jr., ed. A Collection of Papers on the Subject of Bilious Fevers, Prevalent in the United States for a Few Years Past. New York: Hopkins, Webb, and Co., 1796.
Woodville, William. Medical Botany. 3 vols. London: Printed and sold for the author by James Phillips, 1790–93.
Selected Secondary Works
Note: I have included only directly relevant secondary sources here; all the sources I cite can be found in the Notes. A complete bibliography is available at american eden.org.
Ambrose, Stephen E. Undaunted Courage: Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson, and the Opening of the American West. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2005 [1996].
Anderson, Marynita. Physician Heal Thyself: Medical Practitioners of Eighteenth-Century New York. New York: Peter Lang, 2004.
Appleby, Joyce. Inheriting the Revolution: The First Generation of Americans. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Armstead, Myra B. Young. Freedom’s Gardener: James F. Brown, Horticulture, and the Hudson Valley in Antebellum America. New York: New York University Press, 2012.
Atha, Daniel, Todd Forrest
, Robert F. C. Naczi, Matthew C. Pace, Meryl Rubin, Jessica A. Schuler, and Michael Nee. “The Historic and Extant Vascular Flora of The New York Botanical Garden.” Brittonia 68, issue 3 (September 2016): 245–77.
Bagli, Charles V. “Era Closes at Rockefeller Center With $1.85 Billion Deal on Sale.” New York Times, December 22, 2000.
Baird, Eleanora Gordon. “Moses Bartram’s Account Book 1778–1788: Notes Made by a Philadelphia Apothecary.” Bartram Broadside (Spring 2003): 1–8.
Beckert, Sven. Empire of Cotton. New York: Vintage, 2015.
Bender, Thomas. New York Intellect. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.
Bergdoll, Barry, with Hollee Haswell and Janet Parks. Mastering McKim’s Plan: Columbia’s First Century on Morningside Heights. New York: Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Art Gallery, Columbia University, 1997.
Blackmar, Elizabeth. Manhattan for Rent, 1785–1850. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1989.
Blake, John B. “Yellow Fever in Eighteenth-Century America.” Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine 44, no. 6 (1968): 673–86.
Britton, Nathaniel Lord. “Dr. Torrey as a Botanist.” Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 27, no. 10 (October 1900): 540–51.
Brodsky, Alyn. Benjamin Rush: Patriot and Physician. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2004.
Brooke, John. “King George Has Issued Too Many Pattents for Us: Property and Democracy in Jeffersonian New York.” Journal of the Early Republic 33, no. 2 (2013): 187–217.
Brown, Addison. The Elgin Botanic Garden. Lancaster, PA: New Era Printing Co., 1908.
Brown, Lee Rust. The Emersonian Museum: Practical Romanticism and the Pursuit of the Whole. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Buchan, James. Capital of the Mind: How Edinburgh Changed the World. London: John Murray, 2003.
Burrows, Edwin G., and Mike Wallace. Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Chaplin, Joyce E. “Expansion and Exceptionalism in Early American History.” Journal of American History 89, no. 4 (2003): 1431–55.
———. The First Scientific American: Benjamin Franklin and the Pursuit of Genius. New York: Basic Books, 2006.
American Eden Page 47