American Eden

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American Eden Page 49

by Victoria Johnson


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  Stiles, T. J. The First Tycoon: The Epic Life of Cornelius Vanderbilt. New York: Vintage, 2010.

  Stokes, I. N. Phelps. The Iconography of Manhattan Island, 1498–1909. 6 vols. New York: Robert H. Dodd, 1915–1928.

  Stradling, David. The Nature of New York: An Environmental History of the Empire State. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010.

  Strouse, Jean. Morgan: American Financier. New York: Random House, 1999.

  Sumner, Judith. American Household Botany: A History of Useful Plants, 1620–1900. Portland, OR: Timber Press, 2004.

  Taylor, Alan. The Civil War of 1812. New York: Vintage, 2011.

  Taylor, Linda Averill. Plants Used as Curatives by Certain Southeastern Tribes. Cambridge, MA: Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 1940.

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  Toll, Ian W. Six Frigates: The Epic History of the Founding of the U.S. Navy. New York: W. W. Norton, 2008.

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  Walls, Laura Dassow. Emerson’s Life in Science: The Culture of Truth. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003.

  ———. Henry David Thoreau: A Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2017.

  ———. The Passage to Cosmos: Alexander von Humboldt and the Shaping of America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

  Ward, David C. Charles Willson Peale: Art and Selfhood in the Early Republic. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.

  Wilder, Craig Steven. Ebony and Ivy: Race, Slavery, and the Troubled History of America’s Universities. New York: Bloomsbury, 2013.

  Wilentz, Sean. Chants Democratic: New York City and the Rise of the American Working Class, 1788–1850. 20th anniversary ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.

  ———. Rise of American Democracy. New York: W. W. Norton, 2005.

  Wilf, Steven Robert. “Anatomy and Punishment in Late Eighteenth-Century New York.” Journal of Social History 22, no. 3 (1989): 507–30.

  Wilson, Renate. “Introduction, William Bartram and Eighteenth-Century Medicine: A Collection of Recipes from Post-Revolutionary Philadelphia.” In William Bartram: The Search for Nature’s Design, edited by Thomas Hallock and Nancy E. Hoffman, 440–61. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2010.

  Wood, Gordon S. “The Bleeding Founders.” New York Review of Books, July 10, 2014.

  ———. Empire of Liberty: A History of the Early Republic, 1789–1815. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

  Wootton, David. Bad Medicine: Doctors Doing Harm Since Hippocrates. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006.

  Wulf, Andrea. The Brother Gardeners: Botany, Empire, and the Birth of an Obsession. New York: Knopf, 2008.

  ———. Founding Gardeners: The Revolutionary Generation, Nature, and the Shaping of the American Nation. New York: Knopf, 2011.

  ———. The Invention of Nature: Alexander von Humboldt’s New World. New York: Knopf, 2015.

  Yoshpe, Harry B. “Record of Slave Manumissions in New York During the Colonial and Early National Periods.” Journal of Negro History 26, no. 1 (January 1941): 78–107.

  ILLUSTRATION CREDITS

  I am grateful to the institutions below for providing permission to use these images from their collections.

  IMAGES IN TEXT

  iiDavid Hosack, by Charles Heath, engraving, 1816, after oil paintings by Thomas Sully and John Trumbull. Collections of the National Library of Medicine. http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101433834.

  viiiEupatorium perfoliatum specimen, n.d. Courtesy of the Linnean Society of London. http://linnean-online.org/9961/.

  6David Hosack, by Charles Heath, engraving, 1816, after oil paintings by Thomas Sully and John Trumbull. Collections of the National Library of Medicine. http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/101433834.

  17View of Columbia College in the City of New York, by J. Anderson and Cornelius Tiebout, engraving, 1790. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, New York Public Library. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-7b08-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

  35Title page, Edinburgh New Dispensatory, by William Lewis. Philadelphia: T. Dobson, 1791. Courtesy of the Wellcome Collection.

  40William Curtis, by William Evans, stipple engraving and etching, 1802. © National Portrait Gallery, London.

  50Gentlemen botanizing, by unknown artist, engraving, 1777, from the title page of Flora Londinensis, vol. 1, by William Curtis. Biodiversity Heritage Library/Smithsonian Libraries.

  54Hosack’s entrance ticket to Dr. Andrew Marshal’s anatomy course in London, 1793–1794. Archives and Special Collections, Columbia University Health Sciences Library.

  67View of New-York, 1787, lithograph by George Hayward, 1828. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, New York Public Library. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47da-282c-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

  77Traveling medicine case, c. 1814, Museum of the City of New York. Bequest of Gherardi Davis in memory of his wife, Alice Davis, 1941. 41.304.4AB.

  78Samuel Latham Mitchill, by Rembrandt Peale, oil painting, 1822. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Archive Collection 2011-022.

  98Samuel Bard, by James or Ellen Sharples, pastel on paper, n.d. Archives and Special Collections, Columbia University Health Sciences Library.

  114DeWitt Clinton, by Cephas G. Childs and Henry Inman, engraving, c. 1828. Prints & Photographs Division, Library of Congress, LCDIG-pga-05649.

  120Mastodon, by Titian Ramsay Peale, wash drawing, 1821. Titian Ramsay Peale Sketches, Mss.B.P31.15d. © American Philosophical Society.

  125Unknown artist, Philip Hamilton, c. 1801. Reprinted from Allan McLane Hamilton, The Intimate Life of Alexander Hamilton (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1910). New-York Historical Society. Photography © New-York Historical Society.

  130François André Michaux, by unknown artist, oil painting, 1819. Reproduced with the kind permission of the Director and the Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  134Loblolly Bay, by Pierre-Joseph Redouté, from François André Michaux’s North American Sylva, Vol. 2, Plate 58 (Paris: C. d’Hautel, 1819). Biodiversity Heritage Library/University of Pittsburgh Library System.

  140Charles Gilbert Hine, Thirteen Trees and Alexander H. House [Hamilton Grange], n.d. Platinum print photograph. Charles Gilbert Hine Photograph Collection, image #87991d, New-York Historical Society. Photography © New-York Historical Society.

  158Alexander von Humboldt, by Charles Willson Peale, oil painting, 1804. Courtesy of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia.

  173Page from Hosack’s memorandum book (garden section). Courtesy of the New York Academy of Medicine Library.

  181Dr. Hosack’s Greenhouses, by John Trumbull, pencil drawing, 1806. John Trumbull Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

  184John Wakefield Francis (detail), by Charles Robert Leslie, oil on wood. © The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Image source: Art Resource, NY.

  197Festuca specimen detail, 1806. “Diplachne fusca subsp. fascicularis (Lam.) P. M. Peterson & N. Snow” (specimen barcode 1735347). C. V. Starr Virtual Herbarium of the William & Lynda Steere Herbarium, New York Botanical Garden.

  212John Vanderlyn, Theodosia Burr (Mrs. Joseph Alston), 1802. Oil on canvas, 22 in. × 18¾ in. Object #1931.60, New-York Historical Society. Photography © New-York Historical Society.

  231The Elgin Botanic Garden, by Hugh Reinagle, sepia drawing, c. 1812. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, New York Public Library. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47d9-7b5a-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

  238Jardin des Plantes, Paris (formerly the Jardin du Roi), by Jean-Baptiste Hilair, ink and aquarelle, 1794. Bibliothèque nationale de France.

  263Eupatorium perfoliatum specimen, n.d. Courtesy of the Linnean Society of London. http://linnean-online.org/9961/.

  267Canada thistle, by James Inderwick, engraving published in American Medical and Philosophical Register, edited by David Hosack and John W. Francis, vol. 1, no. 2, 1814.

  280John Torrey, by Daniel Macnee, crayon drawing, n.d. Reproduced with the kind permission of the Director and the Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

  309Hosack’s front lawn and mansion at Hyde Park, by Alexander Jackson
Davis, pencil drawing, c. 1830. Alexander Jackson Davis Architectural Drawings and Papers, c. 1804–1900, Avery Architectural & Fine Arts Library, Columbia University.

  311View of the David Hosack Estate at Hyde Park, New York, from Western Bank of the Hudson River, by Thomas Kelah Wharton, ink drawing, 1832. The Metropolitan Museum of Art.

  325Columbia’s Low Library with yews, photograph, c. 1897. University Archives, Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Columbia University.

  32630 Rockefeller Center Plaza, by Wurts Bros. Photographers, n.d. Irma and Paul Milstein Division of United States History, Local History and Genealogy, New York Public Library. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/510d47e2-f25e-a3d9-e040-e00a18064a99.

  COLOR IMAGES

  David Hosack, by Thomas Sully, oil painting, 1815. Courtesy of Winterthur Museum. Gift of John Hampton Barnes, Jr., in memory of the warm friendship of his parents, Mr. and Mrs. John Hampton Barnes, with Mr. and Mrs. Henry Francis du Pont, 1977.170.

  Hosackia stolonifera (creeping-rooted Hosackia), from Edward’s Botanical Register, vol. 23 (1837), Plate 1977. Image courtesy of Biodiversity Heritage Library, contributed by Missouri Botanical Garden, Peter H. Raven Library.

  View of Bayard’s Mount, the Collect Pond, and New York City, by Archibald Robertson, watercolor and chalk, 1798. The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Edward W. C. Arnold Collection of New York Prints, Maps, and Pictures. Bequest of Edward W. C. Arnold, 1954.

  Brodway-gatan och Rådhuset i Newyork, by Carl Fredrik Akrell, lithograph, n.d. The Miriam and Ira D. Wallach Division of Art, Prints and Photographs: Print Collection, New York Public Library. The New York Public Library Digital Collections. http://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/5e66b3e8-b382-d471-e040-e00a180654d7.

  Ralph Earl (1751–1801). Elizabeth Schuyler Hamilton (Mrs. Alexander Hamilton). 1787. Museum of the City of New York. Gift of Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and General Pierpont Morgan Hamilton, 1971. 71.31.2.

 

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