by John Man
East India Company, and opium trade, 42–43
Ebera, Mr., 32, 33
Edo (Tokyo), 88–96. see also Tokyo
becomes Tokyo (Eastern Capital), 186
daimyos, required residence, 79, 88, 108
Nariakira at, 46–47
Nariakira’s journey to, 66–69, 74–75
riots, 183
shogun’s residence, 79, 88
education
medieval samurai, 26
post-1600 samurai, 26–28
projects, Saigo and, 210–212
reform, Saigo and, 195
temple schools, 26
education, rote learning as, 29–30
Eiko Ikegami, on Tokugawa peace, 110
Elliot, Captain Charles, 43–44
emperors, 95–96, 118
Heaven embodied in, 155–156, 266
Enfield rifles, 173
English travelers, attacked at Namamugi, 149–151, 157–158
enlightenment, individual, 35–36
Eto Shinpei, uprising, 215
Euryalus (ship), 160
executions, 76
schoolboys and, 31–32
sword testing on, 58
expansionism, and Saigo myth, 295–296
Fillmore, President Millard, 72
finance, Kagoshima rebellion, 220, 251–252
firearms
acquisition, 172–175
rejected as barbarism, 106–107
First Opium War, 42–45, 49
Fistful of Dollars, 2
flintlock muskets, 172
foreign trade, restriction, 107
foreigners, attacks post-Richardson murder, 157–162
France, advice on army reform, 198
Francis Xavier, Saint, in Kagoshima, 40
Fukuda, Mr., 9–10, 52
Fukuzawa Yukichi, 287
Fushimi shrine, 142
geishas, 101
Gessho, 96–97, 102, 102–104
relationship with Saigo, 96–97, 100, 102–104
girls, education, 27–28
Glover, Thomas, 173–174
Glynn, Commander, 129
goju education system, 30–32, 34
Gokase River, Saigo’s retreat, 265–266
Gota Goro, 21–22, 23
government
duty to serve people, 156
practical, Confucianism and, 26, 27
Great Memorial Day Celebration, Kumamoto, 229–230
Greece, honor killings, 18
Guangzhou, and opium trade, 43–44
guerrilla phase, Kagoshima rebellion, 249–261, 262–270, 271–284
Hakata Bay, 20–21, 234
hara-kiri. see seppuku (ritual suicide)
Harris, Townsend, 95
Hashimoto Sanai, 93
Hawks, Francis, 70
Hayato village, Saigo’s life at, 208–214
heaven, 24, 294–295
embodied in emperors, 95, 155–156, 266
Saigo and, 124, 148, 155–156, 196, 257
helmets, 63
heroism, Japanese concept, 6–7, 35–36, 50, 111–112, 186–187, 263, 286, 288–298
Higashi, Mr., 33
Higo province (Kumamoto prefecture), 20
Hiogo and Osaka Herald, 186
Hirano (friend of Saigo), 120, 121–122, 141, 142
Hisamitsu, 105
and attack on English travelers, 149–150, 151
and British compensation demands, 159, 161
complaints, 194, 197, 200, 210
exiles Saigo to Okinoerabu, 143, 144
exiles Saigo to Tokunoshima, 142
government, 200
government position, 197
orders Saigo’s return from exile, 136
and Saigo & Gessho, 120–121
and shogun removal, 138–142, 162–163, 166–167, 179, 181
Hitoyoshi, Kagoshima rebellion retreat, 248–251
Hojo Nakatoki, 78
Hobbes, Thomas, on honor, 111
Hochi Shimbun, on Saigo’s rebellion, 286
Hoffmann, Theodor, 201
Hokoshui sub-temple, Satsuma memorial, 187
Hokoshui sub-temple, Tofuku, 103–104
Holland, trade with, 42, 46, 68, 69, 107
homosexuality, 96–100
Hong Kong, 44
honor cultures, 18–20
honor killings, 18–19
Hososhima, Kagoshima rebellion retreat, 252
hot sands, Ibusuki, 139–140
House, Edward, on Taiwan crisis, 213
Hubbard, John
on Kagoshima rebel prisoners, 253–254
on Saigo’s last stand, 274–275, 278, 282–284
Hun-style mounted archery, 14
Hyogo (Kobe), 84
opening to foreigners, 176–177, 179
Hyuga, Saigo and Gessho flight to, 118–122
Ibusuki, hot sands, 139–140
Iesada shogun, 93–96
and isolationism, 107–108
Ignatius Loyola, St., 116
Ihara Saikaku
The Great Mirror of Male Love (Nanshoku Okagami), 98
on Tokugawa peace, 110
Ii family, 104
Ii Naosuke, 104, 133
Ansei Purge, 119
assassination, 133
and Harris Treaty, 104, 133
Iiboshi Pass, Saigo’s retreat, 267
imperial army
modernization, 197–200
sent to relieve Kumamoto, 231, 233–234
Tabaruzaka battle, 235–238, 242–243, 246–247
imperial court, Kyoto, 95–96
and shogun removal, 179
imperial guard
mass resignations, 207
Saigo commander, 193, 195
imperial warships, Kagoshima bombardment, 273
Inazo Nitobe, Bushido: The Soul of Japan, 82
industrialization
Hisamitsu and, 138
Nariakira and, 49–53
Inoue Kaoru, 174n1
and samurai stipends issue, 195
“Invasion Scrolls,” 20–24
Ishida Mitsunari, General, 59
Islamic communities, honor killings, 18
isolationism, 107–108
Itagake Taisuke, 202
Ito Hirobumi, 174n1
Iwakura Tomomi, 181
diplomatic mission to West, 194–195, 199, 206
Iwayama Ito (Saigo’s wife), 171
Janes, Captain Leroy Lansing, 216
Japan, revolution 1877 against feudalism, xi, 2–3
Jigen-ryu swordsmanship, 31–32, 33–34
modern Japan, 32–33, 288
Jusuke (servant), 120, 121–122
junshi (suicide on lord’s death), 83
Kabayama Sukeami, 223
Kabuki theater, 98, 99
Kaempfer, Engelbert, on Kyoto, 96
Kagoshima, 3–6, 39–41. see also Satsuma province
Anglo-Satsuma War, 149–151, 157–162
bombardment, 273, 275, 278
castle, 39
in imperial hands, 249
as military state, 192
Saigo and Gessho in, 118–122
Saigo’s retreat on, 270, 271–278
St. Francis Xavier and, 40
Kagoshima rebellion, 217–221, 222–247
finance, 220, 251–252
justifications, 233, 240–241
Kumamoto seige, 223–233, 239–246
last stand, 271–284
Nagai village council of war, 257–260
retreat, 248–261, 262–270
student rebellion, 217–221
Tabaruzaka battle, 235–238, 242–243, 246–247
Kaibara Ekken, 30, 36
kaishaku, 81, 86–87
Kajiki town, 208
road to, 224–225
Saigo’s retreat, 269–270
Kamakura shogunate, 41, 77
kamikaze pilots, 24, 216, 298
Kamo, Saigo’s retreat, 270
Kamura (imperial commander), 276
Kanagawa, 150
Kanaka Kuboichi (Saigo’s servant), 147, 164
Kanefusa (swordsmith), 58
Kan’ei-ji temple, Ueno, 290
Kannon, Kiyomizu temple, 102–103
Karayama Shiki, 229–232
katana (samurai swords), 12
development, 54–62, 64–65
making, Shintoism and, 61
names, 60, 61
Katsu Kaishu (naval commander), 167–169, 171
and Boshin War, 184–185
Katsu Kokichi, 32
Musui’s Story, 167–169
on sword practice on corpses, 81–82
Kawaguchi Seppo, 153
Kawaji Toshiyoji, 218–219
Kawakami Takeshi, 263–264
Kawamura Sumiyoshi, 240
Kawashiri, Saigo at, 225
Khalkhin Gol battle, 296
Kichizaemon, 280
Kikuchi Gengo. see Saigo Takamori
Kikujiro, Ryu Kikujiro (son of Saigo)
Kikuko. see Ryu Kikuko (daughter of Saigo)
Kinko Bay, 4, 208
Saigo and Gessho in, 120, 121–125
Kira Kozuke no Suke, 79–80
Kirino Toshiaki, 223, 252–253, 256–257, 278, 281, 282, 288
Kirishima, Saigo’s retreat, 269
Kirota Minesuke, 259
Kita River, 252, 254
Kiyomizu temple, 102–104
Koba Dennai (friend of Saigo), 132
Kobayashi, Saigo’s retreat, 268–269
Kodama Gosei, 256–261
Kohei (Saigo’s brother), 288
Komei, Emperor
death, 178
Hisamitsu’s confrontation plans, 138–142
Kono Shorichiro, 276, 287–288
Konoe Tadahiro, Prince, 96, 103, 119
Korea
crisis, 199, 201–206, 212, 215
influences during isolation, 107
Kotabe (boat captain), 22
Kuma River, 248
Kumamoto, 55–56, 67
League of the “Divine Wind,” 216
Saigo’s retreat, 268–269
Kumamoto Castle, 55–56
defenders breakout, 242–243
Kagoshima rebellion, 223–233, 239–246
Kuper, Vice Admiral Augustus, 158–161
Kurosawa, Akira, films, 2
Kyoto
civil war, 24
domain leaders meeting, 178–180
imperial court, 95–96
imperial palace attacks, 163–164, 167
planned samurai march on, 138–142
temples, 102–104
Kyushu (Satsuma), 4–5
history, education in, 31
samurai, join Kagoshima forces, 240
vulcanology, 5–6
kyudo (Japanese archery), 12–14
lamellar armor, 62–63
Last Man Standing, 2
Last Samurai, The, 2–3
League of Loyal Hearts (Chushingura), 79–81
League of the “Divine Wind” (Shinpuren), 216
League of the Sincere and Faithful, 138–139, 141
libraries, Okinoerabu, 152–153, 153–154, 154
Lin Zexu, 43–44
literacy, post-1600, 27
loyalty mystique, 16–18, 25, 50, 76–81, 100, 115–117, 192–193, 196, 204, 217, 258, 276–277, 292, 298
Macao, 43, 44
Magnificent Seven, 2
maikos, 101
Manchuria, Japanese takeover, 296
Mars, Saigo myth, 285–286
martial arts training, schoolboys, 31–34
Masamune (swordsmith), 57, 59, 61
masks (samurai armor), 63
Matae-no-haru River, Saigo’s retreat, 267
Matsunaga Genrokuro (Kiyotsugu, swordsmith), 56–59, 61
Matsunaga sensei, 58–59
media, modern, and samurai, 2–3
Meditation Stone, 38–39
Meiji Restoration, 162–164. see also Mutsuhito (Meiji), Emperor
male/male sex decline, 100
Museum, 9–10, 52, 66
and Shintoism revival, 51
start, 181–182, 186–189
Mencius, Five Classics, 28–30
Mera, Saigo’s retreat, 268
Michiko (guide), 33, 50, 128, 224, 287
at Okinoerabu, 145, 147, 148, 152
Mikado village, Saigo’s retreat, 267
military service, universal, 197–200
Minamoto family, 15
Minamoto no Yorimasa, seppuku, 76–77
Minamoto no Yoriyoshi, 16–17
Minamoto Yorimatsu, 60
Minamoto Yoritomo, 15–16
Minamoto Yoshitsune, 15
Minié-ball rifles, 173–174
Misao Tankei, 153
Mississippi (steamer), 69, 71
Mitford, Algernon, 67, 74, 80, 83
on Edo, 89–91
on seppuku, 83–87
Tales of Old Japan, 80, 84
“Mito learning”, 91–94
Mito province
samurai, assassinate Ii, 133
shogun’s insurrection reprisals, 172
Mitsubishi Steamship Company, 253
Mitsui corporation, 108
Miyazaki, Kagoshima rebellion retreat, 251–252
Mongol invasions, 20–24
moral improvement, Confucianism and, 26, 27
Morris, Ivan, The Nobility of Failure, 218, 264n1, 288, 292
Morse, Edward, 286
Mounsey, The Satsuma Rebellion, 241n2
Mount Aso, 266n2
Mount Eno breakout, Kagoshima rebellion, 256, 258–261, 262–263, 272
Mount Shimizu, Saigo’s retreat, 267
mounted archery, 14–15
Muramasa (swordsmith), 61
Murato, Saigo’s retreat, 268
Musan (monk), 38–39
Museum of the Meiji Restoration, 9–10, 52, 66
Mushakoji Saneatsu, 264n1
Mutsuhito (Meiji), Emperor. see also Meiji Restoration
abolishes domains, 194
public appearance, 186
and shogun removal, 178–186
Myakonojo, Kagoshima rebellion defeat, 251
Nagai village, Saigo Takamori Lodging Place Museum, 256–261
Nagaiyama, Mr., 235–238
Nagasaki
foreign trade, 107
smuggling, 173–174
Nagashino, battle, 106–107
Nakahara Hisao, 218–219
Namamugi, English travelers attacked, 149–151
name order, 2
Nanjing, Treaty of, 44–45
Nanshu Cemetery, 287–288
Nanshu Library, Okinoerabu, 154
Napier commission, 43
Nariakira. see Shimazu Nariakira, Satsuma daimyo
Nasu nu Yoichi, 15
Neale, Lieutenant Colonel Edward, 151, 157–161
Neo-Confucianism, 35
Nichi Shimbun, on Saigo, 286
Nihongi, Saigo at, 232
Nobeoka, Kagoshima rebellion retreat, 252, 253–255
Noriko, 100–101, 103
nursery rhyme, on Saigo, 289–290
Okubo Toshimichi
assassination, 296–297
blamed for Saigo assassination plot, 219–220
and Hisamitsu’s plan, 141
in imperial government, 192–193
in Iwakura’s diplomatic mission to West, 194–195, 199–200
legacy, 296–297
and Saigo, 38, 125, 132, 133
and Saigo’s proposed Korea mission, 205–207
and shogun removal, 180–183
Oyama Tsunayoshi, 210
200, 211
and Saigo campaign finance, 220
Oyomei school, Neo-Confucianism, 35
Obama village, Saigo’s life in, 130–136
officials, duty, 155–156
Okinawa, 40
Okinoerabu<
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famine insurance system, 157
libraries, 152–153, 153–154, 154
Saigo exiled to, 143, 144
Saigo’s life on, 144–149, 151–157
Omata Pass, Saigo’s retreat, 268
Omi (Shiga prefecture), 104
Osaka, Saigo and samurai march on Kyoto, 141–142
Otaguro Tomoo, 216
Oyama Yasuhiro, 145, 152, 154, 156–157
palanquins, 66–67
Palmerston, Lord, and First Opium War, 44
Parkes, Sir Harry, 174–175
peasants, literacy, 27
Perry, Commodore Matthew, at Edo, 68–75, 294
poems, Saigo’s, 153, 164, 188, 204, 210, 260
Portuguese, in Satsuma, 40
prefectures established, 194
“Princess Pig,” 171
pro-imperial radicalism, 162–164
promissory notes, 251–252, 260
Ravina, Mark, 75, 92, 121, 130, 288
on “field of death” concept, 141–142
on Kagoshima rebellion, 223
on Saigo’s doubts, 184
rebellion. see Kagoshima rebellion
Revere Heaven, Love Mankind (keiten aijin), 156, 196, 257
Richardson, Charles, murder, 149–151, 157–162
ritualism, samurai and, 112–114
Roberts, John, on Tokugawa peace, 109
ronin (masterless samurai), 2, 89, 157, 183
Mitford on, 80
Roosevelt, Theodore, 169–170
Ryu Aikana (wife of Saigo), 131–132, 134–137, 143, 165
Ryu family, 130
Ryu Kikujiro (son of Saigo), 131, 165, 217–218
Ryu Kikuko (daughter of Saigo), 134, 165
Ryu Masako, 134
Ryukyu Islands, 40–41, 41, 47, 107, 125, 153, 198–199. see also Amami Oshima; Okinoerabu
Sadawara, Kagoshima rebellion retreat, 252
Saigo, and Kinko Bay incident, 118–125, 155
Saigo society, Amami Oshima, 135–137
Saigo Takamori, 5–7, 9–11
career: local government
as clerk, 45
and Hashimoto, 93–94
and Hisamitsu’s confrontation plans, 139–143
in Kyoto, 96–97, 100–103, 104, 104–105
and Nariakira, 47, 52–53, 66–68, 75
recall from Okinoerabu, 164–165
retirement hopes, 188–189, 190
return from exile, 136–137, 138, 139
Satsuma army command, 174–175, 183–187
career: national government
and ChoShu, 166–167, 169–170, 172, 174–178
commander of imperial guard, 193, 195
as deputy acting head of state, 195
and domain leaders meeting, 178–180
and Hisamitsu problems, 197, 200
and Katsu Kaishu, 167, 169
and Okubo. see Okubo Toshimichi
and Parkes, 174–175
proposed Korea mission, 202–206
resignation from imperial government, 206–207
career: local government
retirement at Hayato village, 208–214
and samurai reform, 191–193
and Satow, 175–178
as shogun’s war secretary, 170–171