appearance, 238–239
death, 289–290
French imperialism, resistance to, 270–271, 275
slave ownership, 239
welcome of Americans, 222, 238
Gomas, 83–84
Goulding, Francis, 50, 53, 54, 55
Gregorie, Titus, 48
Grimké, Angelina, 47
Grimké, Sara, 47
Grimké, Thomas, 47, 48
Griswold, Benjamin
as abolitionist, 198
admiration for Mpongwe, 242
Amistad prisoners and, 198
background, 198
colonization, antipathy for, 198, 202
death of, 265
justification for Gabon mission, 222–223
with Leighton on trip to Gabon, 221
marriage, 241
medical studies, 198
Mpongwe language, study of, 254–255
Mpongwe women, on treatment of, 260
pilfering problem and, 202–207
Prince Glass’s Town, establishment of school near, 253
response to Anderson’s rebuke, 207
slave barracoon, reaction to, 224–225
Griswold, Mrs. Benjamin, 253–254, 291, 296–197
See also Wilson, Mrs. Dr.
Gross, Jacob, 71
Gross, Rosanna, 71
Habersham, Joseph, 17
Hall, James
Big Town, revisiting, 317
as governor of Maryland in Liberia, 64
on Leighton Wilson, 201
negotiation with Freeman for land, 81–82
photo, illustration E
quinine, administration of to Leighton, 100
recruitment of settlers for Cape Palmas, 77
return to United States, 112
Russwurm, description of, 135
on settlers’ treatment of Africans, 74–75
Hardcastle, Kate. See Walker, Kate Hardcastle
Harper, Robert Goodloe, 97
Harris, William Wadé, 376–377
Henry, Alexander, 332
Henry, Charles, 47–49, 74
Henry, Elizabeth Bayard, 26, 210, 211, 307
Hodge, Charles
as advocate of Presbyterian board of missions, 136
as Bayard relative, 25
on church’s involvement in political questions, 332–333
correspondence with Leighton on secession, 328–330
death, 370
Hodge, Hugh, 210, 307
Holland, Joe. See Baphro
Holmes, Oliver, 112–113, 114, 115–116, 130
House Jack, 28
Howard, Mary, 55, 59, 89
Howe, George, 50, 52, 334, 339
Jack the Butler, 28
Jack the Carpenter, 6–7, 10, 28
Jackson, Andrew, 57
Jackson, Stonewall, 357
Jacob, 38, 39, 50
James, Benjamin Van Renssalaer
as African American missionary, 131
on American Civil War, 333, 346
arrival at Baraka, 245
condemnation of colonization, 195
correspondence with Leighton, 316
death of, 363
Fish Town school, head of, 197
as Liberian patriot, 279, 306–307
marriage, 172
mission in Liberia, head of, 316
Monrovia school, head of, 278–279
Paul (Sansay), friendship with, 172
as printer, 168–169, 245
relationship with Wilsons, 131, 137
James, Capt. John, xii, 35
James, Major John, xii, 35
James, Margaret Strobel
as African American missionary, 91, 102
at Baraka, 245
at Fish Town school, 197
in Harper, 103
marriage, 172
in Monrovia, 279, 363
in New York for health, 316
pregnancy, 208
relationship with Wilsons, 60, 101–103, 167, 171–172, 183, 236, 279
return to Fair Hope mission, 167
studies at Richmond-on-Ogeechee, 59–60
support by Savannah women, 89
James, Robert, 43, 50, 61, 354
Jenkins, Philip, 376
Jesse or Jessie (Wilson)
emancipation of, 217–218
with family in Mayesville, S.C., 349
inherited by Leighton, 90
Leighton’s plan for, 152
refusal to leave Pine Grove, 216
John (Wilson)
delivery of supplies to Columbia refugees, 345
emancipation of, 217–218
with family in Boggy Gully, 349–350
gardening with Leighton, 343
inherited by Leighton, 90
Leighton’s plan for, 151–152
refusal to leave Pine Grove, 216
Johnson, Alice, 353, 370, 372
Johnson, Catherine, 156, 189, 214
Johnson, John, 29, 156, 189, 214
Johnson, Rhina, 214
Jones, Charles Colcock, 339
King, Eliza, 285
King, Richard, 271
King, Roswell, 14, 285
Kobangai, King, 231
Kolini, Emmanuel, 376
Kollock, Henry, 23
Latrobe, John H. B.
colonization of Congo, support for, 364
deceptive description of Cape Palmas colony, 191–192
hosting Ballah in Baltimore, 113
on military duty by mission personnel, 196–197
as organizer of Maryland Colonization Society, 62–63
photo, illustration D
as proponent of colonization, 112, 123, 142, 143, 191–193
on whitening Maryland, 191, 193
Lawlin, Richard, 82, 91, 184–185, 221–222, 243
Lee, Robert E., 342, 346
Leopold, King of Belgium, 364
Lewis, Owondo, 369
Lincoln, Abraham, 326, 327, 330, 342, 346, 364
Logan, S.C., 355–356
Louis, 267–268
Louis Philippe, King of France, 290
Lowrie, John, 313
Lowrie, Walter, 313, 333
MacLean, George, 185, 271
Marion, Francis “Swamp Fox,” 35
Marshall, Andrew, 8–9, 20
Mary (Sansay), 19, 29, 93, 155–156, 189, 280
Mason, Lowell, 30
McDowell, Dr., 222, illustrations 9, 10, 11, 13, 14
McGill, George R.
Fair Hope property, purchase of, 203, 236, 237
as merchant and Methodist minister, 63, 77, 135
runaway slave, return of, 145
as Russwurm’s father-in-law, 135, 144
McGill, Samuel, 188, 192
McIntosh, Charles, 280
McIntosh, Esther, 6
McIntosh, Lachlan, xii, 5, 22, 24
McIntosh, Maria, 32, 57
McIntosh, William, 31–32, 57
Merrick, James L., 50, 210
Minor, Lancelot, 204
Monroe, James, 24
Mworeh Mah. See Davis, William
Neh, King, 122, 175
Nott, Eliphalet, 41
Ntâkâ Truman, 228, 320, 367–368
Obama, Barack, 375
Obama, Michelle, 375
Pah Nemah. See Freeman, King
Palmer, Benjamin Morgan, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 339
Passall, King, 230
Paul (Sansay)
Africa, life in, 155–156, 172, 189–190, 214, 280
attempt to free family, 190
B.V.J. James, friendship with, 172
as carpenter, 6–7, 10
death, 318
emancipation of, 92–93, 116, 147–149, 150
on General’s Island, 9–18
and Gullah culture, 18
as leader of settler community, 280
in Savannah, 3–4, 6–7, 19–21
separation from family, 150
Perry, M
atthew C., 271, 279
Pierce, Franklin, 310
Pinckney, Henry Laurens, 45
Pinney, John Brooke, 60, 74
Polk, William, 163
Porter, Nancy, 302
Porter, Roland, 302
Preston, Ira, 292, 298, 301
Preston, Jane, 292, 298, 299, 301
Râgombe, 243
Ramsey, William, 204, 207
Reid, Moultrie, 50
Renjogo, 228
Richmond, 192, 334, 338, 347
Richmond-on-Ogeechee, 31, 59, 213, 344, illustration 2
Ring, Lt., 205
Robinson, Jim, 375
Russwurm, John Brown
appointment as governor of Harper, 133
attitude toward settlers, 140, 146
attitude toward whites, 137
called traitor to his race, 134
death of, 306
on disposition of Fair Hope land, 237
drawing of, illustration F
education, 133–134
as Freedom’s Journal cofounder, 133, 134
Freeman, relationship with, 279, 306
as graduate of Bowdoin College, 133
Griswold, anger at, 203
Leighton, relationship with, 141–144, 146, 194, 202
as Liberian Herald founder, 135
missionaries, relationship with, 196
return of runaway slave, 145
river fiasco, 152
on settlers’ dependence on Grebo, 138
slavers, business dealings with, 141
stolen goods dispute, role in, 205–206
threat to resign as governor, 196
Sansay, Charles. See Charles (Sansay)
Sansay, Charlotte. See Charlotte (Sansay)
Sansay, Mary. See Mary (Sansay)
Sansay, Paul. See Paul (Sansay)
Savage, Thomas, 131, 132, 144, 203, 281
Seabrook, Whitemarsh, 31
Sheppard, Moses, 97
Sherman, William T., 343–345
Shumway, Zephiah. See Walker, Zephiah “Zeniah” Shumway
Simleh Ballah. See Ballah, Simleh
Smyth, Thomas, 308
Snetter, Charles
as colony secretary and storekeeper, 113
conflict with Holmes, 114
death in battle, 158
at Fair Hope mission, 141
as free person in Charleston, 41, 47–49
as leader of attack on Grebo, 157
Leighton, relationship with, 47–49, 115–116, 141, 157
protest of return of runaway slave, 145
Spring, Gardiner, 327, 332
Stocken, Mrs. See Bushnell, Mrs. Albert
Strobel, Catherine
as African American missionary, 167
at Baraka, 245–246
B.V.R. James, relationship with, 171–172
in Fish Town, 197
in Harper, 103
in Monrovia, 279, 363
in New York for health, 316
relationship with Wilsons, 103
Strobel, Margaret. See James, Margaret Strobel
Tattnall, Josiah, 271, 273
Teddah, 124–126
Thomson, James M., 113
Thornwell, James Henley, 328, 340
Toko
attempted suicide, 291
conversion, resistance to, 287, 291, 300
death of, 320
at devil raising, 232–234
drawing of, illustration 10
drowning of slave, 320
enrollment of daughter in mission school, 228
French, resistance to, 270–271, 275, 288
as friend to missionaries, 222
invitation to stay in home of, 222
as leading merchant, 225
Leighton, relationship with, 325
respect for Western culture, 227–228
storytelling, 225–227
surrender to French, 300
Truman, Ntâkâ, 228, 320, 367–368
Vesey, Denmark, 48
Walker, Kate Hardcastle, 302, 366
Walker, Prudence, 199
Walker, William
accomplishments of, 255
as advocate for Mpongwe, 269–270, 271–272
anguish over death of wives, 292, 297
attempt to save Awĕmĕ, 320
character, 199, 256
covenant and rules for church, creation of, 241
death of wives, 199
on effects of drunkenness, 263
funeral service for Glass, 290
funeral service for Toko, 321
George’s Town, visits to, 256–260
Harper and Big Town, revisiting, 279–280
illnesses of, 256, 302
on influence of slavery, 250–251
marriages, 272–273, 302
Mpongwe character, explanation of, 243
on Mpongwe fears, 263
Mpongwe language, study of, 254–255, 259
perceptions of Mpongwe, 242, 249
photo, illustration J
return to Gabon with Zeniah, 278
Shékiani, communication with, 256
on slave holding, 367
on slave trade, 301
slaver, meeting with, 250
theological conversations with King George, 263
travels in Gabon, 256–258
Vermont, life in, 198–199
visits to outlying schools, 256–258
on war, 261–262
on witchcraft, 251–252
on women’s secret rites (Njembe), 295
Walker, Zephiah “Zeniah” Shumway, 272–273, 280, 292
Wasa. See Baker, Wasa
Watkins, William, 63
Wâwâ (Jane Bayard), 228, 290–291
Weah Bolio. See Yellow Will, King
Wheeler, W.T., 292, 297
White, David, 130–132
White, Helen Wells, 131–132
William, King (King Denis or Antchouwe Kowe Rapontchombo)
appearance, 223
engagement in slave trade, 224
kills slave, 366–367
storytelling, 225–226
treaty with France, 267
welcome of Americans by, 224
Williams, Bill. See Ballah, Simleh
Wilson, Alex, 186, 187, 195, 197
Wilson, Jane Bayard, pre-missionary years
Eliza Clay, influence of, 30–31
emancipation of slaves, 92–93, 116
Fair Hope plantation, life at, 31–34
first meeting with Leighton, 55
husband, need for, 34
marriage to Leighton, 89
misgivings about slavery, 29
missionary, decision to become, 34
Philadelphia, life in, 25–28
religious background, 26–27
Savannah, life in, 5–6, 22–24
Wilson, Jane Bayard, in Africa
Africans, belief in full humanity of, 111
anguish at deaths of David and Helen White, 132–133
doubts about sending freed slaves to Liberia, 214
exploration of West African coast, 184–186
at Fair Hope Mission, 94–197
in Gabon, 240–302
Harper and Big Town, revisiting, 305–306
infection with malaria, 99
James family in Monrovia, visit with, 306–307
love of home, 95, 128
Margaret Strobel, disappointment in, 102–103
miscarriage, 99
odyssey of, xi
as teacher, 167, 201
teaching, 111, 299
visit to Dorseys’ school, 299
visit to Rock Town, 106–108
Wilson, Jane Bayard, in United States
Alice Johnson, adoption of, 353
Association for Relief, help with, 342
Charleston and Savannah, visit to, 285
Cornelia DeHeer, adoption of, 318
death of, 372
end of missiona
ry life, 312
family, division of, 331–332, 333
following Leighton to the South, 334–337
Freedpeople, night school for, 353
as interpreter of Africa, 211–212, 214–215
John and Jesse, meeting with, 215
malaria, recurrence of, 370
North-South dissension, feelings about, 327
in Philadelphia for health, 210–211
photo, illustration A
Pine Grove house, purchase of, 348
planters’ daughters, school for, 352–353
post-war reunion with sister Margaret, 347–348
as provider of hospitality, 312–313, 370
return to United States, 302
reunions with family, 212–214, 282, 307–309
women’s groups, work with, 370
Wilson, Jane James, 36
Wilson, Joe, 73, 77, 78–80
Wilson, John Leighton, pre-missionary years
in the Catskills, 41–42
colonization project, report on, 84–86
conversion experience, 45–47
courtship of Jane, 55–58
decision to become a missionary, 51–52
on distancing missions from settlements, 88
emancipation of slaves, 92–93, 116
evangelization, view of, 86
exploratory trip to West Africa, 68, 71–84
fetish priest, meeting with, 76
on freeing Bayard slaves, 66–67
Kru, first impression of, 77–78
Mandingo man, interview with, 75
marriage proposal to Margaret Adger, 53
marriage to Jane Bayard, 89
ordination, 61
Pine Grove plantation, life at, 36–41, 60–61
religious studies, 43, 50–51
role of memory and place on, 40, 58
slavery, misgivings about, 43
as teacher in Mt. Pleasant, S.C., 43
Wilson, John Leighton, in Africa
abolitionists, response to, 216
admiration of Mpongwe language, 255
Africans, belief in full humanity of, 111
Africans, on intellectual capabilities of, 167–168, 286
Albert Bushnell, doubts about, 277
on American response to French imperialism, 274–275
anguish at death of David and Helen White, 132
Bantu language, contribution to the identification and study of, 284–285
black stereotypes, challenging, 122, 137
on British anti-slaver patrols, 301
Cherokee and Grebo, comparison of, 144
code of laws for Grebo, reaction to, 124
on colonization as imperialism, 151, 152
on colony’s jurisdiction over mission, 144
Denah, trip to, 120–123
at devil raising, 232–234
exploration of West African coast, 184–186
exploration of West African interior, 173–177
on fetishes, 110
in Gabon, 240–302
garden, pride in, 159–160
Grebo language, study of, 101–102
Harper and Big Town, revisiting, 305–306
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