by Ann Wroe
‘just like the other one’: Madden, ‘Documents’, p. 202.
Warnings to the ports: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 80; BL MS Add. 29617, f. 103r.
‘it appears each day’: BL Cotton Caligula Dvi, f. 21r.
Savage and Debenham fleeing: PRO E 404/81/2, warrant of April 20th 1493; E 405/79, mem. 4r.
John ap Howell: PRO KB9/956/24; CPR HVII, vol. 1, p. 422.
Monks of the abbey: PRO KB 9/956/7, 8.
‘all necessary acts’: PRO E 405/79, mem. 4r.
‘four men’: LC, p, 198; GC, p. 246.
Steelyard rebels: LC, pp. 198–9.
Bagnall’s capture: PRO KB 9/78 (his statement, no. 19; the dean and chapter’s, no. 21); LC, p. 199; GC, p. 250.
Feb. 26th hangings: LC, p. 199. Bulkeley: PRO E 404/81/3, warrants of Feb. 3rd and 24th.
Arrests and attainders: Rot. Parl, vol. 6, p. 504; Hampton, ‘White Rose’ (see Notes, p. 497), p. 416.
wishing a man good day: a mistake made by John Colard, who paid his respects to the traitor Stafford in Bromsgrove market: Campbell, Materials, vol. 1, pp. 434–5.
Anthony de la Forsa: E 404/81/3, warrant of April 21st 1494; PRO E 405/78, mem. 53r.
The infiltration: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 47–8; AH, pp. 71–3. Henry’s letters: PRO DL 28/2/2 (not foliated): signet letter of Oct. 22nd 1494.
‘it should not be he’: GC, p. 256.
The courier: EH, p. 100.
Vergil on Clifford: AH, pp. 73–4 and n. Nanfan: L&P, vol. 1, p. 235. Clifford’s friends interceding: GC, p. 256.
Vergil on Barley: AH, p. 73. In Scotland: TA, pp. 358, 365. His pardon: CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 134 (July 1498); Rot. Parl., vol. 6, p. 554.
Clifford’s arrest (and reward): EH, pp. 100, 101. His pardon: CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 13.
Henry/ Stanley: AH, pp. 75–7.
Nanfan on Henry: Gairdner, Richard III/Perkin Warbeck, pp. 287–8.
Conspirators waiting: Hall, Chronicle, p. 467.
Stanley on the commissions: PRO KB 9/956; KB 9/78/20.
Melancholy: Hall, Chronicle, p. 469.
Helping with money: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 48; HRHS, p. 69. The brigandines: PRO E 154/2/5, p. 15.
‘Rebellion’: CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 16.
Evidence of the seals: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 48.
Arraignments and executions: LC, pp. 203–4.
Rich merchants fleeing: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 48.
Proceedings against Stanley: Archbold, ‘Stanley’, p. 531; PRO KB 9/78/24–34.
openly admitted his offence: AH, p. 75.
Bafflement about him: LC, pp. 204–5; GC, p. 258; HRHS, p. 69.
Burial fees: EH, pp. 101, 102. The search of Holt: PRO E 154/2/5 passim.
Fitzwater: BL MS Add. 7079; LC, p. 212; Hall, Chronicle, p. 467.
Clergy fines and pardons: Hampton, ‘White Rose’; pp. 416–17. Lessy: CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 16. Worseley bound: CCR HVII, nos. 795, 863, 965, 1144. His accounts: Guildhall Library MS 25, 166/6–9.
Dying of shame: GC, p. 257.
Cressener and Astwood: LC, p. 204. Debenham and Savage: PRO E 405/79 mems 4r, 10v.
Treasonous rhymes: AH, pp. 77 n., 79.
Kendal’s pardon:CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 49. Bond for loyalty: CCR HVII, no. 792.
Clifford’s appointments and his pay: E 404/82, warrant of May 13th 1496; E 405/79, mem. 23r; CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 37.
News at Malines: ADN B 2151, ff. 113v, 114r, v.
Devastated: AH, p. 81.
‘He determined . . .’: Hall, Chronicle, p. 471.
February22nd: PRO KB 9/51/7.
Management of the ‘secret affairs’: ADN B 2153, nos 70619, 70620, 70621, 70622, 70623, etc. The secret code: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 103; ADN B 2153, nos 70610, 70619, 70621.
‘not involved’: CSPV, pp. 219, 221. ‘in small numbers’: Weisskunig, p. 218 and n.
The Tyrolers’ loan: Gairdner, Richard III/Perkin Warbeck, p. 282 and n.; TLA Maximiliana 1. 38, ff. 162, 163.
A more valid claim: Philpot, Maximilian, p. 167.
Margaret provisioning the fleet: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part i, no. 1482.
Daniel Beauviure: Madden, ‘Documents’, p. 208.
Keating’s relic-selling: Conway, Relations, pp. 210–11; Ware, Antiquities, p. 28.
Zachtlevant loan: L&P, vol. 1, pp. 264–5.
The cannon request: HHSA Maximiliana 4, ff. 229r–231v; Wiesflecker, Maximilian, p. 62.
Letters in Venice: Commines, Mémoires, ed. Mlle du Pont (see Notes, p. 477), vol. 3, Preuves, pp. 413–14.
Instructions to Albrecht: SS HAS Loc. 8497, ff. 69r–75r. Bianca Maria as a pledge: Ibid., ff. 72 r, v, 74r. The papal nuncio told Francis I of France that Maximilian had a habit of doing this: Waas, Legendary Character, p. 61.
The scare of April: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 110; ADN B 2151, ff. 122r, 125r, 126r. Henry’s fleet: EH, p. 101.
Philip ordering the guns: ADN B 2151, f. 140v.
The mercenaries: Weisskunig, p. 218. Pumping the Zeelanders: ADN B 2151, f. 68v. The hunt-master: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part i, no. 1482.
Peasants refusing to stay: Ibid.; SS HAS Loc 8497, f. 71v.
Troops from Scotland: CSPV, p. 219. From Guelders: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part i, no. 1482.
Weapons: Rot. Parl., vol. 6, p. 504.
The soldiers: AH, p. 81; Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 50; CSPS, pp. 58–9.
De Guevaras: Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, f. 134r; Compte rendu des séances de la Commission Royale d’Histoire, vol. 11, part ii (1846), p. 687; Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 4, p. 161.
Ferdinand and Isabella’s view: PI, vol. 4, p. 404 (CSPS, p. 63).
Richard’s confidence: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 50; CSPV, p. 220; Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, f. 59v.
Yarmouth sailor: Paston Letters, vol. 6, no. 1059.
Kendal’s jackets: Madden, ‘Documents’, p. 208.
Warwick badges: Commines, Mémoires, book 3, ch. vi.
Richard drifting: AH, p. 81; HRHS, p. 67.
Kentings chastened: HRHS, pp. 66–7.
The invasion: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, pp. 50–1.
Thomas Grigge: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 113; PRO E 404/82/46, warrant of Oct. 28th 1496.
‘no comfort of the country’: LC, p. 205.
The prisoners: HRHS, p. 67; LC, pp. 206–7; PRO E 404/82, warrant of Nov. 14th 1495.
The commission: E404/79, mem. 7v. For the names of those arraigned, see Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, App. B, pp. 220–1.
Captain Belt: ‘Douze triomphes’ in Gairdner, Memorials, p. 322; Paston Letters, vol. 6, no. 1059.
Lovell in charge: PRO E 404/81/4, warrant of Aug. 17th.
Mountford’s service: PRO E404/81/1, warrant of Jan. 27th 1492. His subsequent treatment: see Ch. 9, p. 433.
Corbet’s death: LC, p. 206; GC, p. 260.
‘The animals’: ‘Douze triomphes’, in Gairdner, Memorials, p. 322. The seaside gibbets: GC, p. 260; Bacon, Henry VII, p. 157.
The bill of attainder: Rot. Parl., vol. 6, p. 504.
Henry to Philip: HHSA Maximiliana 4, f. 267 r, v.
De Puebla’s account: PI, vol. 4, p. 397 (CSPS, p. 59).
Letters to the ports: BL MS Add. 7099, f. 27r.
Kentings’ response: Arthurson, Perkin Warbeck, p. 112; BL MS Add. 29617, f. 128r; AH, pp. 82 n., 83; CCA F/A 2, ff. 258v, 265v; Historical Manuscripts Commission, vol. 5, 5th report (1876), p. 548; HMC, 9th report (1888), p. 146; LC, pp. 205–6.
Securing the coasts: PRO E 405/79, mem. 7r, v; E 404/81/4, warrant of July 25th.
London reactions: LC, pp. 204, 206; PRO STAC/1/2/30.
‘Richard, seeing this . . .’: Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 5, p. 52. The hoy of Dordrecht: Paston Letters, vol. 6, no. 1060.
Richard’s movements: AH, p. 83; PI, vol. 4, p. 398; LC, p. 206.
The invasion/Maximilian: CSPV, pp. 221–2; Chastelain, L’Imposture (see Notes, p. 495), p. 50; Regesta Imperii XIV, v
ol. 1, part i, nos 2122, 2136.
‘The New King’: Maximilian, Weisskunig, p. 218, in which he tangles up the Kentish invasion with the later West Country campaign to an almost indecipherable degree.
Secret message: Philpot, Maximilian, p. 168; HHSA Maximiliana 4, f. 267r.
‘might be defeated’: CSPV, p. 222. September 5th: Ibid., p. 223.
Ferdinand and Isabella’s lecture: PI, vol. 5, p. 171 (CSPS, p. 140).
Stoke refusal: J. D. Mackie, The Earlier Tudors, 1495–1558 (Oxford, 1952), pp. 7–8, 73.
Act of October: The Statutes, Revised Edition, vol. 1, Henry III to James II, AD 1255–6–1685 (1870), pp. 363–4.
‘to set the trial . . .’: Lorraine C. Attreed, ‘A new source for Perkin Warbeck’s invasion of 1497’, Medieval Studies, vol. 48 (1986), p. 520.
Maximilian, September19th: CSPV, pp. 223–4. The weasel clause: HHSA RR Bu GG, f. 1a; HHSA RR Bu JJ, ff. 208, 209.
Magnus Intercursus: Rymer, Foedera, vol. 12, pp. 578–82 (Margaret, p. 580); PRO E 405/79, mem. 8r.
a son bon plaisir: ADN B 2151, ff. 286r, 288r, 289r, etc.
5 The pavilions of love and the tents of war
Edward’s journey: Chronicles of the White Rose, pp. 36–45.
His harlots: Hall, Chronicle, p. 363.
Embassy to Burgundy: LC, pp. 227–8.
‘the sight of the ships’: Paston Letters, vol. 6, no. 1060. Vergil also thought an invasion of the west of England ‘a possibility’: AH, p. 83.
Henry following him: BL MS Add. 7099, ff. 28r–29r; PRO E 101/414/6, ff. 2r, 6r; E 404/81/3, warrant of Aug. 17th, which mentions ‘setting forth our armies by land and sea’; EH, pp. 103–4; CSPV, p. 223.
The Irish inquisition: LC, p. 207. Questioning of supporters: Ware, Antiquities, pp. 24, 26.
Shane Burke: Conway, Relations, App. xliii, p. 234.
Hatton/ Desmond: Rymer, Foedera, vol. xii, p. 567; CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 27; Conway, Relations, p. 81.
The Christopher: CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 42.
Siege of Waterford: Carew MS, Book of Howth, p. 472; R. H. Ryland, The History, Typography and Antiquities of the County and City of Waterford . . . (1824), pp. 30–2 (which wrongly dates the siege to 1497). The Book of Howth numbers Desmond’s forces at 24,000, undoubtedly too large.
Gunfire: Kalendar of Shepherds, p. 90; Molinet, Chroniques, vol. 4, pp. 339–40.
Selling the ships: See Hatcliffe’s Accounts in L&P, vol. 2, pp. 299–300.
Atwater summoned: Ware, Antiquities, p. 24.
Shipwrecked and wandering: Often attributed to 1497, but correctly 1495: see Gairdner, Richard III/Perkin Warbeck, pp. 320–3; Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, ff. 133b, 134.
sylvestres homines: AH, pp. 65, 79–81.
O’Donnell and O’Neill: Book of Howth, pp. 180–1.
‘clotted blood’: Rev C. B. Gibson, The History of the County and City of Cork, 2 vols, vol. 1 (Cork, 1861), p. 102.
O’Donnell’s raids in Connaught: Annals of Ulster, otherwise Annals of Senat: A Chronicle of Irish Affairs AD 431–1131: 1155–1541, vol. 3, 1379–1541, ed. B. Mac Carthy (Dublin, 1895), pp. 391–3.
A few troops: CSPV, p. 223; Zurita, Historia, vol. 5, f. 134.
John Wise: See Hatcliffe’s Accounts in L&P, vol. 2, p. 310.
Lounde absconding: LC, p. 21. His background: CPR HVII, vol. 2, p. 237.
James’s own ambitions: Norman Macdougall, James IV (Edinburgh, 1989), pp. 118–19.
His early interest in Richard: Tytler, History of Scotland (see Notes, p. 487), vol. 4, pp. 371–3.
Reluctant to ratify: Bacon, Henry VII, p. 137 n.
Yorkist delegation: see p. 82 and note.
Scots/ French: Tytler, History, vol. 4, pp. 372–3; TA, pp. 176, 179–80, 181, 182.
George Neville: Ibid., p. 176. The dean of York: Ibid., p. 185.
Northern raid: Tytler, History, vol. 4, pp. 374–5; Spedding note in Bacon, Henry VII, p. 148.
The Flanders delegation: TA, p. 233.
‘stirring up opinion’: Regesta Imperii XIV, vol. 1, part i, no. 1906.
‘Scottish help’: CSPV, pp. 219, 220.
Maximilian’s daughter: CSPM, p. 291.
Infante Afonso: Sanceau, Perfect Prince (see Notes, p. 479), p. 287. cuydando/ sospirando: Resende, Cancioneiro Geral, ff. 1–15b.
simply fallen in love: Lesley, History of Scotland (see Notes, p. 487), p. 64; Ware, Antiquities, p. 31. André says he took advantage of James’s kindness to get himself a wife: HRHS, p. 70.
The love-letter: CSPS, pp. 78–9; BL MS Fasc 295 (b).
‘an opulent equipage’: Pinkerton, History of Scotland (see Notes, p. 488), vol. 2, p. 26.
Payments for his servants: TA, pp. 263–4, 274, 276.
The pox (called the ‘grantgore’): Ibid., pp. 356, 361.
O’Donnell: Conway, Relations, p. 86; Macdougall, James IV, p. 117.
Stirling reception: TA, pp. 263–4, 267. Vestments mended: Ibid., p. 229.
Dunbar on Stirling: ‘The Dregy of Dunbar’, ls 13, 19, 94, 97–8.
Works there: TA, esp. pp. 277, 279–81, 283, 286, 291, 297, etc. The garden: Ibid., pp. 276, 361, 364, 367.
Dunbar: ‘Meditatioun in Wyntyir’, ls 1–7, 9–10.
James’s clothes: TA, p. 256. His character: CSPS, pp. 169–70; PI, vol. 5, pp. 258–9 (Ayala’s description). His hats: TA, pp. 145–6. ‘Far out of reason’: Ellis, Letters, vol. i (see Notes, p. 493), p. 27.
Ramsay: Conway, Relations, pp. 12, 20, 21, 25; Mairead McKerracher, ‘John Ramsay of Balmain: Tudor Agent?’ The Ricardian, vol. iv, no. 61 (June 1978), passim. Ramsay was in Henry’s pay from 1488 onwards, and his payments feature frequently in the warrants for issues: PRO E 404/78, /79, /80 /81. Autograph receipt of payment: PRO E 36/131, f. 395r.
Riding incognito: Robert Lindsay of Pittscotie, The Historie and Chronicles of Scotland, ed. Ae. J. G. Mackay, Scottish Text Society Publications, 1st Series 42 (Edinburgh, 1899), pp. 71, 82.
‘Are you my father?’ I. A. Taylor, The Life of James IV (1913), pp. 54–5.
Masses for his father: Taylor, James IV, p. 58. The iron belt: Ibid., p. 60; TA, vol. 3, p. 250.
Richard’s speech: AH, pp. 85–7; George Buchanan, Rerum Scotiarum Historia, apud A. Arbuthnetum (1582), ff. 146–7.
Agreeing to help him: AH, pp. 86 n., 87; Macdougall, James IV, p. 121.
Linlithgow deed: David Dunlop, ‘The Masked Comedian: Perkin Warbeck’s Adventures in Scotland and England from 1495 to 1497’, Scottish Historical Review, vol. lxx, 2, no. 190 (October 1991), pp. 100–1. Many thanks to Wendy Moorhen for a copy of this, and to David Dunlop for a copy of the original deed (Perth & Kinross Archive MS 78/9).
quisquis esset:AH, p. 86 (twice). An obligation to ‘look out for him’: PI, vol. 5, p. 171 (CSPS, p. 140).
Forman as Richard’s minder: TA, pp. 299, 344, 345 (and cxl, clii). His career: CSPV, pp. 188, 199; CSPM, p. 343. Playing catch and cards: TA, pp. 172, 386.
Richard’s lodgings: Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, ed. George Burnett, Scottish Records Series (Edinburgh, 1888), pp. 153–4; L&P, vol. 2, p. 329.
Round the country: RMS, entries for Nov. 1495 to July 1496 passim; TA, pp. cxxviii–ix, cxxxi, 259, 268. Candlemas in Edinburgh: TA, p. 268; Easter in Stirling: Ibid., p. 259; June in Perth: Ibid., p. 276; Exchequer Rolls, pp. 153–4.
Richard’s clothes: TA, pp. 256, 259, 263. His pension: Ibid., pp. 335, 340, 342.
Money raised for him: Exchequer Rolls, pp. lvi–lvii, 15–16, 49; Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland, vol. 1, 1488–1529, ed. M. Livingstone (Edinburgh, 1908), nos 311, 405.
Followers paid for: TA, pp. 274, 276–7, 280, 303–4. Bad behaviour: ADC, vol. 2, pp. 68–9.
Duncan Forrester: ADC, vol. 2, p. 361.
Aberdeen: Extracts from the Council Register of the Burgh of Aberdeen, 1398–1570, ed. John Stuart (Aberdeen, for the Spalding Club, 1844), p. 57. The two relevant entries, for July and Sept. 1496, are misdated by Stuart to 1495. Thanks to Judith Cripps, the Aberdeen city arch
ivist, for help on this point.
Lambskins and fish: Halyburton’s Ledger (see Notes, p. 493), p. lxx.
James’s poverty: Ellis, Letters, vol. 1, p. 29; CSPV, p. 188. 1493 funds shortage: Macdougall, James IV, p. 113.
Huntly: Debrett’s Peerage under Huntly, p. 676 and n. His lawsuits: ADC vol. 2, pp. 46–7, 73, 103–4; RMS, no. 2036. His wives: Wendy A. Moorhen, ‘Lady Katherine Gordon: A Genealogical Puzzle’, The Ricardian, vol. xi, no. 139 (Dec. 1997), pp. 194–6. I am grateful to Wendy Moorhen for many helpful discussions on aspects of Katherine’s family and history.
Huntly believing in Richard: CSPM, p. 331.
Alexander’s letter: Pinkerton, History, vol. 2, App. 1 (no pagination); McKerracher, ‘John Ramsay’, pp. 6–7.
Katherine’s youth: Ralph Holinshed, Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland, 6 vols (1808), vol. 4, p. 511; Richard Grafton, Chronicle, 2 vols (1809), vol. 2, p. 203. Her beauty: Fabyan, GC, pp. 262, 283 (a very rare compliment from him); HRHS, p. 73; CSPV, p. 266 (bellissima donna in the original: Sanuto, Diarii, vol. 1, col. 842).
Ayala on Scottish girls: CSPS, p. 210; PI, vol. 5, p. 263.
The gown: TA, p. 224; SRO E 21/3, f. 18r. The dating is difficult, but 1495 is the most likely year and the betrothal by far the most likely occasion. See Wendy Moorhen, ‘Four Weddings and a Conspiracy: the Life, Times and Loves of Lady Katherine Gordon’, part 1, The Ricardian, vol. xii, no. 156 (March 2002), pp. 402–3.
Katherine’s pedigree: Moorhen, ‘Genealogical Puzzle’, passim. Huntly as James’s cousin: Ibid., p. 83. ‘Tender cousin’: Lesley, History, pp. 64, 66–7.
James and the marriage: AH, pp. 87, 103; Buchanan, Rerum Scotiarum, f. 146v; Lesley, History, pp. 64, 66.
Winter of 1495–6: LC, p. 208.
Dancing: Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, p. 63. For a curious, presumably invented, scene of Richard and Katherine courting, see Gainsford, Perkin Warbeck (see Notes, p. 476), p. 530.
‘stuffing of the codpiece’: Peter Idley’sInstructions to his Son, ed. Charlotte d’Evelyn (Boston, 1935), Book II B, ls 419–20.
Chamber work: Hawes, Pastime of Pleasure, pp. 150–1.
Ferdinand and Isabella: Münzer, Itinerário (see Notes, p. 480), p. 126.
Afonso and Isabella: Resende, Crónica, p. 169.
Guillaume de Machaut: cited in Huizinga, Middle Ages, p. 119.
Their child: See p. 265 and notes.