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Elizabeth of York

Page 65

by Alison Weir


  102. Great Wardrobe Accounts; Exchequer Records E.101; HVIIPPE

  103. The date is recorded in the Beaufort Hours, which is more likely to be correct than Ayala, who wrote that the Queen “was delivered of a son on Friday” (CSP Spain). Charles Wriothesley also gives the date incorrectly as February 22.

  104. Great Wardrobe Accounts; HVIIPPE

  105. CSP Spain

  106. Gristwood

  107. CSP Spain

  108. HVIIPPE

  109. Wriothesley

  110. Including your author in Britain’s Royal Families.

  111. Lenz Harvey: The Rose and the Thorn

  112. Hutchinson: Young Henry; Gristwood

  113. Lenz-Harvey, in Elizabeth of York, says that grief over Princess Elizabeth’s death caused the Queen to give birth to a son too small to survive.

  114. Loades: Mary Rose, although he says that Elizabeth had “an abortive pregnancy”; Norton: England’s Queens, but she incorrectly gives the date of Princess Elizabeth’s death as 1497 and—like Lenz-Harvey in Elizabeth of York—the date of Princess Mary’s birth as 1498, as Holinshed wrongly has it.

  115. King’s MS. 395, ff. 32v-33

  116. For example, Chrimes

  117. Leland: Itinerary. The house was destroyed during the Civil War and rebuilt in the early eighteenth century.

  118. CSP Spain

  119. Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain

  120. HVIIPPE

  121. The occasion was immortalized in a fresco executed in 1910 in the Palace of Westminster by F. W. Cowper, although it was incorrectly set at Greenwich; and in stained glass made in 1881 for St. Mary’s Church, Bury St. Edmunds.

  122. “Britain Personified,” in Erasmus: The Epistles of Erasmus

  123. Erasmus: The Epistles of Erasmus

  124. Letter of Cardinal Reginald Pole of September 7, 1549, in CSP Venice

  125. CSP Spain

  126. Records of the Court of King’s Bench: Indictments Files KB 9/390, 84–86

  127. Hall

  128. HVIIPPE

  129. Moorhen

  130. CSP Spain

  15: “THE SPANISH INFANTA”

  1. CSP Spain

  2. Bacon

  3. CSP Spain

  4. Ibid.

  5. Chronicle of Calais; Wroe

  6. CSP Spain

  7. Bacon

  8. Great Wardrobe Accounts

  9. Ibid.; Wardrobe Indentures in Exchequer Records E.101

  10. Chrimes; Loades: Mary Rose

  11. PPE

  12. Grafton; Chronicle of Calais; CSP Spain

  13. This red-brick palace had been built around 1480–85 by Cardinal Morton when he was Bishop of Ely. It is famous as the palace where Prince Edmund’s great-niece, Elizabeth I, spent much of her youth and learned of her accession. Only the great hall and one tower of the old palace remain today, the rest having been pulled down in 1607–08 when Robert Cecil was building Hatfield House. For Arthur’s health see p. 374 and note 49.

  14. HVIIPPE

  15. Ibid.

  16. Collection of Ordinances

  17. Chronicles of London

  18. Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Victoria County History: Kent; Jones and Underwood. Greenwich Palace and the Observants’ church were demolished in the reign of Charles II. Today, the Queen’s House and the National Maritime Museum occupy the site.

  19. CSP Spain

  20. HVIIPPE

  21. Exchequer Records E.101

  22. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII

  23. CSP Spain

  24. Cotton MS. Vitellius A XVI

  25. Harleian MS. 69

  26. Orders of the Privy Council, cited Okerlund: Elizabeth of York

  27. CSP Spain

  28. Ibid.

  29. Great Chronicle of London

  30. Account of Lancaster Herald, in Antiquarian Repertory

  31. Ibid.

  32. Ibid.

  33. Ibid.; The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Dowsing; Hedley; Fletcher

  34. Great Chronicle of London

  35. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Victoria County History: Surrey. All that substantially remains of the palace today is the original gatehouse, which bears the arms of Henry VII above the entrance arch.

  36. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine

  37. Jones and Underwood

  38. Harleian MS. 69

  39. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Leland: Collectanea

  40. This account of Katherine’s reception, her wedding, and the celebrations that followed is based on descriptions and information in The Receyt of the Lady Katherine; Hall; Cotton MS. Vitellius XVI; Cotton MS. Vitellius CXI; Harleian MS. 69; Great Chronicle of London; HVIIPPE; Leland: Collectanea; Cowie; Gristwood; Davey; Stow: London

  41. Maria Perry; Cokayne

  42. CSP Spain

  43. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII

  44. Ibid.

  45. Ibid.

  46. Ibid.

  47. Real Academia de Historia MS. 9–4674, cited by Tremlett

  48. Cited by Tremlett

  49. Fuensalida. Letter to Ferdinand and Isabella, July 25, 1500, cited Patrick Williams.

  50. “Low” dances: elegant, measured dances in which there are no jumps or capers and the feet do not leave the floor.

  51. Antiquarian Repertory

  52. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine

  53. CSP Spain

  54. Ibid.; Fraser: The Six Wives of Henry VIII; Starkey: Six Wives

  55. Foedera

  56. Account of Somerset Herald, in Leland: Collectanea

  57. PPE

  58. College of Arms MSS.: Collection of Miscellany I, f. 84b-91; Cotton MS. Vitellius A XVI, f. 282; Leland: Collectanea

  59. PPE

  60. Treasurer’s Accounts, September 1502, Register House, Edinburgh

  16: “ENDURING EVIL THINGS”

  1. CSP Milan

  2. Grafton

  3. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII

  4. Chronicle of the Grey Friars of London; Seward: The Last White Rose

  5. Cunningham: Henry VII

  6. Durant

  7. Ibid.

  8. Rotuli Parliamentorum; Seward: The Last White Rose. Courtenay was to remain in the Tower for the rest of Henry VII’s reign, and would not be released until 1509; he died in 1511.

  9. PPE

  10. It was published as Privy Purse Expenses of Elizabeth of York by Nicholas Harris Nicolas in 1830, and is referred to here as PPE.

  11. Ibid.

  12. Ibid.

  13. Ibid.

  14. PPE

  15. Lambeth Palace MS. 371. Elizabeth’s son, Henry VIII, would visit this shrine in 1521.

  16. Probably St. Mary’s Priory, Binham, Norfolk.

  17. PPE; Victoria County History: Suffolk

  18. Tewkesbury Annals, in Kingsford: English Historical Literature in the Fifteenth Century; Laynesmith

  19. PPE; Wriothesley; Laynesmith; Chapter Records

  20. PPE; The Catholic Encyclopaedia; Ed West; The Shrine

  21. Tremlett

  22. PPE

  23. Ibid.

  24. Burton; Gothic

  25. PPE

  26. Ibid.; Worsley and Souden; Thurley: Hampton Court Palace. In 1505, Daubeney acquired a new lease on the property that effectively conferred on him the rights of a freeholder. He lived at Hampton until his death in 1508. His house was leased in 1514 to Cardinal Wolsey and subsequently largely demolished to make way for the great palace. The outline of his courtyard range is marked out in red bricks in the courtyard of Clock Court. Hampton Court later came into the possession of Henry VIII, and became one of his favorite residences.

  27. PPE

  28. Gristwood

  29. PPE

  30. Leland: Collect
anea; Antiquarian Repertory; Starkey: Six Wives. The time was recorded on a plaque in St. Laurence’s Church, Ludlow, which was seen by Thomas Dineley in 1684 (Dineley; David Lloyd).

  31. Hall

  32. Leland: Collectanea

  33. Faraday; David Lloyd

  34. Kevin Cunningham

  35. Leland: Collectanea

  36. Real Academia de Historia, MS. 9–4674, cited Tremlett

  37. Licence: Elizabeth of York

  38. Starkey: Six Wives

  39. Loades: The Tudors

  40. “An Account of the Death and Interment of Prince Arthur”: anonymous herald’s journal, in Leland: Collectanea

  41. PPE

  42. Collection of Ordinances

  43. PPE

  44. Ibid.

  45. Ibid.

  46. Benham; Cheung

  47. CSP Spain: letter of Ferdinand and Isabella to de Puebla, dated April 15, quoted further on in the text.

  48. PPE

  49. André

  50. André: Hymi Christiani Bernardae Andreae poetae Regii

  51. The Receyt of the Lady Katherine

  52. Body Parts and Bodies

  53. Grafton

  54. “An Account of the Death and Interment of Prince Arthur”: anonymous herald’s journal, in Leland: Collectanea

  55. Grafton

  56. Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII

  57. Bruce

  58. PPE

  59. Röhrkasten

  60. PPE

  61. Keene and Harding; Röhrkasten

  62. Brian Spencer, in Tudor-Craig; Röhrkasten

  63. Ibid.

  64. PPE

  65. Hall, Stow: Annals

  66. Bacon; More

  67. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII

  68. Hicks: Edward V

  69. Chrimes

  70. Chronicles of London

  71. Hicks: Edward V

  72. PPE

  73. Ibid.

  74. CSP Spain

  75. PPE

  76. CSP Spain

  77. PPE

  78. Ibid.

  79. Ibid.

  80. CSP Spain

  81. Ibid.

  82. Ibid.

  83. Fox

  17: “THE HAND OF GOD”

  1. PPE

  2. Ibid.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Ibid.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Additional MS. 59, 899 f. 24

  7. Goodall; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Laynesmith

  8. Ibid.

  9. PPE; Cokayne; Rotuli Parliamentorum

  10. Jones and Underwood; PPE

  11. Meerson; Jones and Underwood; Cokayne; Rotuli Parliamentorum

  12. Ibid. Centuries later Notley would be the home of actors Sir Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh.

  13. Ibid.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Cunningham: Henry VII

  16. Zita West

  17. PPE

  18. Ibid.

  19. See, for example, Buckland. The Monmouth and Skenfrith vestments are now at the Welsh Folk Museum at St. Fagan’s.

  20. PPE

  21. HVIIPPE

  22. PPE

  23. See, for example, Buckland

  24. PPE

  25. Ibid.

  26. Ibid.

  27. Ibid.

  28. HVIIPPE

  29. PPE

  30. Around 1708, during repairs to the hall, the skeleton of a man found seated at a table in an underground vault was thought to be his.

  31. PPE; The Catholic Encyclopaedia; Ed West

  32. PPE; Palmer: Royal England

  33. PPE

  34. Herald’s account in Cotton MS. Vitellius

  35. PPE

  36. Ibid.

  37. Ibid.

  38. Ibid.

  39. Ibid. Seymour’s daughter Jane was later to marry Henry VIII.

  40. Ibid.

  41. Ibid.

  42. Wriothesley

  43. PPE

  44. Ibid.; Leland: Collectanea; Additional MS. 71009, f. 15v; Penn

  45. HVIIPPE

  46. PPE

  47. “Lamentation,” in More: Complete Works

  48. Royal MS. 12b VI

  49. PPE

  50. Cunningham: Henry VII

  51. PPE

  52. Anne’s coffin was reburied in the Minoresses’ convent at Stepney, where it was discovered during excavations in 1964. Examination of the teeth showed a familial link with the skeletons found in the Tower in 1674. The remains were then reburied in Westminster Abbey, as near as possible to their original resting place.

  53. Astle

  54. Stow: London

  55. Henry VII’s unfinished chapel at Windsor was be lavishly completed by Cardinal Wolsey to house his own tomb. Later it was remodeled by Queen Victoria as the Albert Memorial Chapel.

  56. Astle

  57. PPE; Cloake: Richmond Palace; Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England

  58. PPE

  59. In 1506, Henry VII also built a gallery leading from the Lanthorn Tower to the Salt Tower, which appears on a 1597 plan of the Tower as “the Queen’s Gallery”—and created a privy garden below.

  60. These were the rooms lavishly refurbished in 1533 for Anne Boleyn’s sojourn prior to her coronation. Thurley: The Royal Palaces of Tudor England; Goodall; Impey and Parnell; Keay

  61. PPE

  62. Leland: Collectanea

  63. PPE

  64. Ibid.

  65. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Great Chronicle of London

  66. Herald’s account in Cotton MS. Vitellius

  67. PPE

  68. Cotton MS. Vitellius; Great Chronicle of London; Grafton

  69. More: “Lamentation,” in Complete Works

  70. HVIIPPE

  71. Redstone. The chapel was demolished in 1547.

  72. Grafton; Great Chronicle of London

  73. Strickland

  74. Sandford

  75. Green

  76. Cunningham: Henry VII

  77. PPE

  78. Wriothesley; Great Chronicle of London; Grafton

  79. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; PPE

  80. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory

  81. Ibid.

  82. Exchequer Records E.101; Hayward

  83. Holinshed

  84. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Cunningham: Henry VII

  85. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory

  86. PPE

  87. Richardson: Mary Tudor, the White Queen; Loades: Mary Rose

  88. Hayward

  89. Additional MS. 45133, f. 141v; Jones and Underwood

  90. Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1, f. 59–78; Great Wardrobe Accounts

  91. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory

  92. Great Chronicle of London

  93. It is often stated that Elizabeth lay in state in the beautiful Norman chapel of St. John the Evangelist, the chapel used by the monarch when in residence in the Tower. Dating from ca. 1078–80, it rises through two floors of the upper levels of the White Tower, the ancient keep. Its sanctuary and nave are encircled by Romanesque arches, a continuous ambulatory, and flanking aisles. It is a rare survival, one of the most perfect Norman chapels still in existence. However, The Great Chronicle of London clearly states that Elizabeth lay in state in “the parish church of the Tower,” which is St. Peter ad Vincula, where her daughter had been christened just eight days earlier. It would make sense that St. Peter’s was chosen, given the logistics of carrying the coffin up and down the spiral stairs to St. John’s Chapel.

  94. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–2, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory

  95. Ibid.

  96. Herald’s account in College of Arms MS. I, IX, f. 27r />
  18: “HERE LIETH THE FRESH FLOWER OF PLANTAGENET”

  1. CSP Spain

  2. Treasurer’s Accounts, Register Office, Edinburgh

  3. Buchanan

  4. “Isabel” is the form of “Elizabeth” in some countries.

  5. Balliol College Oxford MS. 354, ff. 175–76; B.L. Sloane MS. 1825, ff. 88v-89; printed in More: Complete Works; Tromly

  6. Tromly

  7. Bacon

  8. It has been suggested that she was buried with her mother (Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales); if so, she was left undisturbed in Elizabeth’s temporary grave (described further on in the chapter), for her coffin was not found in Henry VII’s vault, and the anthropoid coffin of the Queen could not have accommodated the corpse of an infant.

  9. Balliol College, Oxford MS. 354, f. 176

  10. HVIIPPE. The funeral accounts are in Antiquarian Repertory.

  11. Gristwood

  12. This account of the Queen’s funeral is based on those in College of Arms MS. 1, ff. 27r-32r; Additional MS. 45131, ff. 41v-47, which includes the account of Charles Wriothesley, Windsor Herald; College of Arms MS. I, III, ff. 23, 24; Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Fabyan; Records of the Skinners of London

  13. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory

  14. The accounts for the effigy—in Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1 f. 46PRO LC/1/2, ff. 46v-48v—are the first that survive for a royal funeral effigy.

  15. Howgrave-Graham

  16. Ibid.

  17. Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1 f. 46PRO LC/1/2, ff. 46v-48v; St. John Hope

  18. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory

  19. Those of London, Salisbury, Lincoln, Exeter, Rochester, Norwich, Llandaff, and Bangor.

  20. Records of the Lord Chamberlain LC 2/1, f. 48–49

  21. Additional MS. 45161, ff. 41–42, reproduced in Antiquarian Repertory; Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1. F. 46, 52

  22. Fabyan

  23. Astle

  24. Records of the Lord Chamberlain, LC 2/1, f. 53

  25. Westminster Abbey Muniments 6637, f. 2–6

  26. A Collection of all the Wills, now known to be extant, of the Kings and Queens of England; Astle

  27. CSP Spain; Doran; Gristwood; Penn

  28. Rex: The Tudors

  29. Letters and Papers Illustrative of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII

  30. Exchequer Records E.101

  31. Grafton

  32. Hayward

  33. HVIIPPE

  34. CSP Spain

  35. Astle

  36. Cited by Williams in Henry VIII and his Court

 

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