19. ‘Dance Macabre in Balochistan’, editorial in The Nation, 17 November 2017, http://nation.com.pk/17-Nov-2017/danse-macabre-in-balochistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
20. ‘Gen. Pervez Musharraf’s Address to the Nation’, http://www.ipripak.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/docs2006.pdf, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
21. ICG, Crisis Group interview with National Party leader Hasil Bizenjo, Dawn, 12 February 2006, ICG Report, 2006, p. 14.
22. ‘Saboteurs can’t deter progress’, The Nation, 15 December 2005, cited in ICG Report, 2006, p. 14.
23. ICG Report, 2006, p. 14.
24. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), ‘Pushed to the Wall’, Report of the HRCP Fact-Finding Mission to Balochistan, October 2009, p. 12, http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/ff/14.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
25. ICG, Crisis Group interview of BNP Senator Sanaullah Baloch, Quetta, March 2006. ICG Report, 2006, p. 23.
26. ICG, Crisis Group interview, JWP Secretary-General Senator Agha Shahid Bugti, Quetta, March 2006, ICG Report, 2006, p. 23.
27. Sanaullah Baloch, ‘The Balochistan Conflict: Towards a Lasting Peace’, Pakistan Security Research Unit (PSRU) Brief Number 7, Department of Peace Studies at the University of Bradford, UK, 1 March 2007.
28. ICG, Crisis Group interview, National Party leader, Dr Abdul Hayee Baloch, Karachi, April 2006, ICG Report, 2006, p. 21.
29. Munir Ahmad, ‘The Battle for Pakistan: Militancy and Conflict in Balochistan’, New America Foundation, September 201, p. 4, https://static.newamerica.org/attachments/4342-the-battle-for-pakistan/Munir_Ahmad_Balochistan.c3f358a0fd9843679dedd6327454f08c.pdf, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
30. HRCP Report, 2011, p. 9.
31. ‘Balochistan’s woes’, editorial in Daily Times, 17 October 2017, https://dailytimes.com.pk/126203/balochistans-woes/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
32. Ather Naqvi, ‘The windows of opportunities for peace were squandered through arrogance’, The News on Sunday, 23 August 2015, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/balochistan-mir-ali-talpur-windows-opportunities-peace-squandered-arrogance/#.WsDZXa2B10s, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
33. Peter Jacob, ‘A Serial Transformation’, The Friday Times, 26 February 2014, http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/a-serial-transformation/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
34. Adnan Aamir, ‘What Nawaz Sharif did for Balochistan’, The Daily Times, 5 August 2017, http://dailytimes.com.pk/opinion/05-Aug-17/what-nawaz-sharif-did-for-balochistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
35. Ather Naqvi, ‘The windows of opportunities for peace were squandered through arrogance’.
36. Tushar Ranjan Mohanty, ‘Balochistan: Unending Misery’, South Asia Intelligence Review (SAIR), Vol. 14, No. 32, 8 February 2016, https://www.satp.org/satporgtp/sair/Archives/sair14/14_32.htm#assessment1, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
37. Saleem Shahid, ‘PM unveils 10-year uplift package for Balochistan’, Dawn, 15 November 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1370584/pm-unveils-10-year-uplift-package-for-balochistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
38. ‘Flashy Headlines’, editorial in The Nation, 16 November 2017, http://nation.com.pk/16-Nov-2017/flashy-headlines, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
39. ‘Balochistan package’, editorial in The News, 16 November 2017, http://thenews.com.pk/print/244699-Balochistan-package, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
40. Raashid Wali Janjua, ‘Human security and Balochistan’, The News, 17 January 2016, http://www.thenews.com.pk/print/91686-Human-security-and-Balochistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
41. Lal Khan, ‘Balochistan’s deliverance?’ Daily Times, 15 January 2018, https://dailytimes.com.pk/180983/balochistans-deliverance/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
42. Adnan Aamir, ‘Politics in Balochistan’, The News, 15 March 2017, https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/192312-Politics-in-Balochistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
43. Mushahid Hussain, ‘Has the Rubicon Been Crossed?’ Newsline, June 2009, http://newslinemagazine.com/magazine/has-the-rubicon-been-crossed/, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
44. Ibid.
18. Response of the Army
1. Adeel Khan, ‘Renewed Ethno-nationalist Insurgency in Balochistan: The Militarized State and Continuing Economic Deprivation’, Asian Survey, Vol. 49, No. 6, November/December 2009, pp. 1071–91, University of California Press, Oakland, California.
2. ‘The path to peace in Balochistan’, editorial in Dawn, 28 September 2017, https://www.dawn.com/news/1360519/the-path-to-peace-in-balochistan, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
3. Shakil Sheikh, ‘Musharraf warns India against blame game’, The News, 3 August 2006; ‘No Compromise with Baloch nationalists’, Daily Times, 15 July 2006, cited in International Crisis Group, Pakistan (ICG), ‘The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan’, Asia Report No. 119, 14 September 2006, p. 24, https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/119-pakistan-the-worsening-conflict-in-balochistan.pdf, (accessed on 2 March 2018).
4. Selig S. Harrison, In Afghanistan’s Shadow: Baluch Nationalism and Soviet Temptations, Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1981, p. 3.
5. ICG Report, 2006, p. 9.
6. The issue is discussed in greater detail in the chapter on Human Rights Violations.
7. HARDtalk: ‘Balochistan is not the most sensitive spot for the Pakistan Army —Life there is normal’—Major General Shaukat Sultan, 15 September 2004, http://archives.dailytimes.com.pk/editorial/15-Sep-2004/hardtalk-balochistan-is-not-the-most-sensitive-spot-for-the-pakistan-army-life-there-is, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
8. ‘Insurgency has ended in Balochistan, says Lt Gen. Aamer Riaz’, The Express Tribune, 6 November 2015, http://tribune.com.pk/story/986111/balochistan-situation-insurgency-has-ended-says-lt-gen-aamer-riaz/], (accessed on 27 February 2018).
9. Pakistan Institute of Legislative Development and Transparency (PILDAT), ‘Balochistan: Civil–Military Relations’, Islamabad, March 2012, p. 23, http://www.pildat.org/publications/ublication/cmr/issuepaperbalochistan
conflictcmr.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018)
10. ‘JuD on front line of earthquake aid’, Dawn, 30 October 2015, https://www.dawn.com/news/1216385/jud-on-front-line-of-earthquake-aid, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
11. Abbas Nasir, ‘Grateful for small mercies’, Dawn, 24 December 2016, http://www.dawn.com/news/1304071/grateful-for-small-mercies, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
12. ‘Pakistan: Army Creates an Organization to Kill Intellectuals and Activists in Balochistan, in the Name of Peace’, Asian Human Rights Commission, 6 January 2012, http://www.humanrights.asia/news/ahrc-news/AHRC-STM-005-2012, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
13. Waqar Ahmed, ‘Tackling Daesh threat assuming urgency’, The News, 17 July 2018, https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/342578-tackling-daesh-threat-assuming-urgency, (accessed on 3 January 2019).
14. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), ‘Blinkered Slide into Chaos’, Report of the HRCP Fact-Finding Mission, June 2011, http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/ff/6.pdf, p. 11, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
15. Muhammad Akram, ‘Baloch Leaders Made Their Points Well. Is Anyone Listening?’ Dawn, 28 September 2012, cited in Frederic Grare, ‘Balochistan: The State Versus the Nation’, Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, April 2013, p. 14, http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/04/11/balochistan-state-versus-nation-pub-51488, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
16. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), ‘Balochistan: Giving the People a chance’, Report of the HRCP Fact-Finding Mission, June 2013, p. 18, http://www.hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/Balochistan%20Report%20New%20Final.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
17. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), ‘Pushed to the Wall’, Report of the HRCP Fact-Finding Mission to Balochistan’, October 2009, p. 10, http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/ff/14.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
18. HRCP Report, 2013, p. 19.
19. Maqbool Ahmed, ‘CPEC: Hopes a
nd fears as China comes to Gwadar’, Herald, 14 March 2017, https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153685, (accessed on 2 March 2018).
20. ‘Political failure in Balochistan and FATA’, editorial in Daily Times, 25 June 2017, http://dailytimes.com.pk/editorial/25-Jun-17/political-failure-in-balochistan-and-fata, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
21. Cited in Frederic Grare, ‘Balochistan: The State Versus the Nation’, Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, April 2013, fn 77, p. 29, http://carnegieendowment.org/2013/04/11/balochistan-state-versus-nation-pub-51488, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
22. Ather Naqvi, ‘The windows of opportunities for peace were squandered through arrogance’, The News on Sunday, 23 August 2015, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/balochistan-mir-ali-talpur-windows-opportunities-peace-squandered-arrogance/#.WsDZXa2B10s, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
23. ‘RAW camps in Balochistan’, Dawn, 31 August 2004; The Herald (Karachi), September 2004, https://www.dawn.com/news/369075, (accessed on 2 March 2018).
24. HARDtalk: ‘Balochistan is not the most sensitive spot for the Pakistan Army’.
25. ‘Afghans, India, fuelling Balochistan insurgency, says Owais Ghani’, Daily Times, 7 February 2006, cited in ICG Report, 2006, p. 25.
26. Mariana Baabar, ‘How India is Fomenting Trouble in Pakistan via Afghanistan’, News International, 16 April 2006, https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/642835-how-india-is-fomenting-trouble-in-pakistan-via-afghanistan, (accessed on 23 February 2018).
27. Ibid.
28. Farzana Shah, ‘India backing Balochistan Liberation Army: Rehman Malik’, Asian Tribune, 23 April 2009, http://www.asiantribune.com/node/16986, (accessed on 23 February).
29. Frederic Grare, ‘Balochistan: The State Versus the Nation’, fn 77, p. 29.
30. Kamran Yousaf, ‘Balochistan now a hotbed of regional, global proxy war: army chief’, The Express Tribune, 3 February 2016, http://tribune.com.pk/story/1038830/general-raheel-sharif-in-quetta-to-attend-peace-moot/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
31. ICG, Crisis Group interview, Senator Sanaullah Baloch, March 2006, ICG Report, 2006, p. 26.
32. Selig S. Harrison, ‘Will Pakistan Break Up?’ Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 9 June 2009.
33. Frederic Grare, ‘Balochistan: The State Versus the Nation’, p. 20.
34. Maqbool Ahmed, ‘CPEC: Hopes and fears as China comes to Gwadar’, Herald, 14 March 2017, https://herald.dawn.com/news/1153685, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
35. ‘Baloch activist backs Indian narrative on Jadhav’, The Express Tribune, 19 January 2018, https://tribune.com.pk/story/1612438/1-baloch-activists-backs-indian-narrative-jadhav/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
36. ICG, Crisis Group interview, Sher Ali Mazari, Islamabad, February 2006, ICG Report, 2006, p. 26.
37. Cyril Almeida, ‘A security prism, not a human one’, Dawn 30 June 2011, https://www.dawn.com/news/640593/a-security-prism-not-a-human-one, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
38. ‘Bugti’s son backs “resistance’’’, Dawn, 30 October 2006, cited in International Crisis Group (ICG), ‘Pakistan: The Forgotten Conflict in Balochistan’, Asia Report, 22 October 2007, p. 2, https://www.crisisgroup.org/asia/south-asia/pakistan/pakistan-forgotten-conflict-balochistan, (accessed on 2 March 2018).
39. ICG Report, 2006, p. 23.
40. Noshad Ali, ‘Bank accounts of Bugti’s kin frozen’, Daily Times, 21 November 2006, cited in ICG Report, 2007, p. 2.
41. ‘Graphic details: Killing of Brahumdagh Bugti’s sister and niece in Karachi on 31st January’, Baluch Sarmachar, 5 February 2012, https://baluchsarmachar.wordpress.com/2012/02/05/graphic-details-killing-of-brahumdagh-bugtis-sister-and-niece-in-karachi-on-31st-january/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
42. Mohammad Zafar, ‘Awaran operation: BLF chief’s brother, nephew among 13 killed’, The Express Tribune, 1 July 2015, https://tribune.com.pk/ story/912709/awaran-operation-blf-chiefs-brother-nephew-among-13-killed/, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
43. HRCP Report, 2006, p. 41.
44. Ibid.
45. HRCP Report, 2009, p. 5.
46. ICG Report, 2006, p. 18.
47. PILDAT, ‘Balochistan: Civil–Military Relations’, p. 23.
48. ICG, Crisis Group interview, July 2007, ICG Report, 2007, p. 8.
49. ‘Balochistan at point of no return, Mengal tells Nawaz’, Dawn, 20 December 2011, https://www.dawn.com/news/681889, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
Conclusion
1. International Crisis Group, (ICG), ‘Pakistan: The Worsening Conflict in Balochistan’, Asia Report, 14 September 2006, p. 119, https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/119-pakistan-the-worsening-conflict-in-balochistan.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
2. Kaiser Bengali, A Cry for Justice: Empirical Insights From Balochistan, Karachi: OUP, 2018, p. 133.
3. Naseer Dashti, ‘Resolving the Baloch National Question: Aspects of a negotiated settlement’, https://www.thebaluch.com/050708_article.php, (accessed on 2 March 2018).
4. Naseer Dashti, The Baloch Conflict with Iran and Pakistan, Bloomington, Indiana, USA: Trafford Publishing, 2012, p. 229.
5. Hashim bin Rashid, ‘Why Punjab doesn’t talk about Balochistan’, The Friday Times, 17 April 2015, http://www.thefridaytimes.com/tft/why-punjab-doesnt-talk-about-balochistan/#sthash.scfDSWvS.dpuf, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
6. International Crisis Group (ICG), Crisis Group interview, Karachi, May 2007, ‘Pakistan: The Forgotten Conflict in Balochistan’, Asia Briefing No. 69, 22 October 2007, p. 13, https://d2071andvip0wj.cloudfront.net/b69-pakistan-the-forgotten-conflict-in-balochistan.pdf, (accessed 3 March 2018).
7. Mohammad Zafar, ‘Balochistan Conundrum: Hearings Spotlight “Crumbling” Khuzdar Situation’, The Express Tribune, 11 October 2012, https://tribune.com.pk/story/449940/balochistan-conundrum-hearing-spotlights-crumbling-khuzdar-situation/, (accessed 27 February 2018).
8. Declan Walsh, ‘Pakistan’s Secret Dirty War’, The Guardian 29 March 2011, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/mar/29/balochistan-pakistans-secret-dirty-war, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
9. Feroz Ahmad, Ethnicity and Politics in Pakistan, Karachi: OUP, 1998, p. 15.
10. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), ‘Balochistan: Giving the People a chance’, Report of the HRCP Fact-Finding Mission, June 2013, p. 13, http://www.hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/Balochistan%20Report%20New%20Final.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
11. Ather Naqvi, ‘The windows of opportunities for peace were squandered through arrogance’, The News on Sunday, 23 August 2015, http://tns.thenews.com.pk/balochistan-mir-ali-talpur-windows-opportunities-peace-squandered-arrogance/#.WsHEKa2B06g, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
12. Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP), ‘Pushed to the Wall’, Report of the HRCP Fact-Finding Mission to Balochistan, October 2009, p. 5, http://hrcp-web.org/hrcpweb/wp-content/pdf/ff/14.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
13. Stephen Cohen, The idea of Pakistan, Brookings Institution, 2004, New Delhi: OUP, pp. 221–22.
14. Selig S. Harrison, ‘Will Pakistan Break Up?’, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 9 June 2009, https://carnegieendowment.org/files/0609_Remarks_Harrison.pdf, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
15. ICG Report, 2007, p. 13.
16. Naseer Dashti, The Baloch Conflict with Iran and Pakistan, Bloomington: Trafford Publishing, 2007, p. 236.
17. Zoya Anwer, ‘Balochistan has no say in national policy making’, The News, 12 February 2018, https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/279759-balochistan-has-no-say-in-national-policy-making, (accessed on 27 February 2018).
18. Selig S. Harrison, ‘Ethnicity and Politics in Pakistan’, in John Hutchinson and Anthony Smith, (eds), Ethnicity, Oxford: OUP 1996, p. 298, cited in Justin S. Dunne: Crisis In Baluchistan: A Historical Analysis of the Baluch Nationalist Movement in Pakistan, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, June 2006, p. 76.
19. Ibid.
20. The Foreign Policy
Centre, ‘Balochis on the Margins of History’, London: The Foreign Policy Centre, November 2006, p. 6, https://fpc.org.uk/publications/balochis-of-pakistan-on-the-margins-of-history/, (accessed on 3 March 2018).
Index
Abbasi, Shahid Khaqan
Achakzai, Daud Khan
Achakzai, Mehmood Khan
Achakzai, Samad Khan
Afghans
Aghaz-e-Haqooq Balochistan package
Ahmad, Sir Sayyid Sultan
Ahmadzais
Akbar, Malik Siraj
Akra dam
Alexander, Great
Ali, Mir Kachkol
al-Qaeda
Amery, Leo
Amnesty International (AI)
Anglo-Persian Joint Boundary Commission
anti-terrorism court (ATC)
apple production
Appozai
Aracosia
arms and ammunition
army’s approach to insurgency
employ counter-nationalists
enforced disappearances, missing persons
‘foreign hand’
Islamization
kill-and-dump
targeting families of Baloch leaders
use of excessive force
Arrianus, Lucius Flavius (Arrian)
Awami National Party (ANP)
Axmann, Martin
Azad, Maulana Abdul Kalam
Aziz, Shaukat
Bajwa, Gen. Qamar
Bakhsh, Master Pir
Baloch
approach to religion
Brahvi
Baloch–Brahvi differences
cultural values
cynicism of
historical origin of
Ibrahimi
Makran
meaning and origin of term
nationalist
sardari system
Baloch, Abdul Hayee
Baloch, Abdul Malik
Baloch, Allah Nazar
Baloch, Aslam
Baloch, Chakar
Baloch, Habib Jalib
Baloch, Inayatullah
Baloch, Kachkool Ali
Baloch, Mir Ahmed Yar Khan
Baloch, Mir Rehmat
Baloch, Sadique
Baloch, Sharjil
Baloch culture
Pakistan- the Balochistan Conundrum Page 41