by James Scott
awards and accolades for, 313, 314, 317
bold and innovative strategy of, 179–82, 187
broken foot of, 206, 209, 211
death of, 314
education of, 125–26, 263
errors of, 140–41
first ship sunk by, 143
impatience of, 176
independence of, 154, 173, 175, 176, 182–83, 219
Kennedy and, 126–29, 130, 180, 182, 192
leadership style of, 125, 129–30, 133–34
loyalty and integrity of, 125
Morton as mentor of, 124, 129–30, 133, 148, 152, 173, 214, 241
in most successful submarine attack of war, 182
as officer on Wahoo, 126–33
postwar experience of, 313–15
as prisoner of war, 269–73, 280, 282–90, 305, 309–11
Rindskopf compared to, 192–93
self-discipline and drive of, 126
as skipper of Tang, ix, 124–25, 133–35, 136–37, 139–56, 158–61, 171–77, 178–90, 193, 201–16, 217, 220, 231–34, 241, 249, 251, 256, 270, 278, 311, 313, 314, 315, 317
success record of, 152–53, 161, 172, 182, 187, 189–90, 193, 201–2, 203, 204, 241, 270, 278, 311, 317
in Tang explosion, 231–33, 241, 249, 251
tenacity of, 214, 241, 310
tensions between Kennedy and, 126–29
O’Kane, Walter, 125
Okinawa, 22
Okinawa Maru, sinking of, 168
Oklahoma, 2, 48, 205
old skippers, 102–3
Ollan Island, 157–58, 160
Omaha, 102
Omori prison, 291–97, 300–302
liberation of POWs at, 303–11
work details at, 292, 295–96
Operation Desecrate, 153
Operation Flintlock, 125
Operation Hailstone, 138–44
Operation Vengeance, 89–91
Ordnance Bureau, 68
Osaka, Japan, 22, 165, 294
Overbeck, Robert, 267–68
“Overdue,” 270
Ozark, 310
Ozawa, Jisaburo, 223, 225
P-34 escort, 249–50, 269–70, 273
Pacific Fleet, U.S., 59, 104, 194–95
Nimitz and, 41
in Pearl Harbor attack, 20
undersea war and, 39
Pacific War:
European theater vs., 37, 218–19
growing strength of U.S. in, 1–3, 67, 116, 194, 218, 221, 256–58, 286
Japanese strategy in, 59, 104, 123–24, 194–95, 221–23
Japan’s declining strength in, 203–4, 220–23, 256–58, 276
Japan’s early dominance in, 2–3, 33, 37–39, 67
map of, x–xi
shift from sea operations to air in, 258, 286, 289, 293–95
U.S. strategy in, 34, 37, 39, 86, 104, 137, 165, 220, 222–23
U.S. westward drive toward Japan in, 137–38, 153, 163–66, 172, 203–4, 218, 289
see also specific operations
Paddle, 139
Pakusa Point, 207–8
Palau, 93, 96, 153–54, 172, 191, 195
Drum patrol of, 194, 197–200, 255
Silversides patrol of, 113, 116–17, 120
Palawan Passage, 204, 221
Pampanito, 153
Panama Canal Zone, 20, 23
Pan American Airways Clipper, 61, 206
Paris Peace Conference (1919), 24
Parker, Brooks, 122
Patch, Alexander, 88
Pearl Harbor:
Japanese attack on, 2–3, 5, 24, 25, 26, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 44, 48, 59, 60, 61, 63, 67, 86, 91, 103, 105–6, 108, 122, 124, 138, 144, 196, 218, 223, 230, 254, 256, 299, 316
restoration of, 205
submarine base at, 1, 3, 6, 15, 39, 40, 41, 65–66, 69, 87, 100, 112, 114, 116, 124, 127, 129, 131, 135, 141, 142, 148, 150, 160, 162, 171, 172, 173, 174, 182, 191, 200, 204, 217, 218, 310
pellagra, 308
periscope depth, 27, 30, 32, 55, 111, 112, 121
peritoneum, 53
peritonitis, 46
Perry, Matthew, 24
Peterson, Richard, 260
pharmacist’s mates (“quacks”), 10, 15, 45–54, 199, 206, 229
Phelps, 60
Philip Morris radio program, 130
Philippines, 116, 137, 173, 178–79, 193, 194–95, 218, 219, 221, 225
Japanese control of, 2, 28, 33–34, 37, 39, 41, 68, 86, 104
U.S. control of, 24, 35
U.S. invasion of, 203–4, 220, 253, 256, 259, 286
Philippine Sea, Battle of, 195–97, 221
Phillips Academy, 125
pitometers, 134, 234, 236
Pittsburgh, 20
plan position indicator, 114–15
Platter, George, 45–46, 48–54, 56
pneumonia, 253, 314
Pollack, 8
Pomfret, 260
popsicles, 271
Port Moresby, 59, 106
Potomac River Naval Command, 263
practical jokes, 81, 122–23
premature detonations, 69, 79–81, 94, 97, 110
Presidential Unit Citation, 205, 230, 314
press:
Tang’s fate covered in, 310
war coverage in, 2, 47, 130, 133, 172
see also specific periodicals
Pridonoff, Eugene, 20
Prince of Wales, 38
prisoners of war (POWs):
British, 287–88, 292, 300, 303
entertainment of, 292
Indian, 132
Japanese, 189, 199–200, 255, 279
nonregistered vs. official, 274–75, 279, 290, 296
number of, 254, 304
see also prison ships; specific camps
prisoners of war (POWs), Allied, 182, 255, 303
prisoners of war (POWs), U.S.:
brutal and inhumane treatment of, 249, 251, 252–55, 263, 264–65, 269–90, 292, 296, 301, 307
civil treatment of, 271–73, 295–96
death of, 289
derangement of, 264–65, 288, 289, 308
interrogations of, 282–83, 289
liberation of, 303–11
as nonregistered, 274–75, 279, 290; see also special captives
on prison ships, 252–55, 263–65
psychological adjustment to liberation of, 308–9, 313–14
special, see special captives
in speculation about the future, 296–97, 301
supplies air-dropped to, 302
at surrender of Japan, 300–302
Tang survivors as, 249–51, 269–74, 277–90, 291–97, 300–302, 305, 309–11, 313
prison guards:
brutality of, 249, 251, 252–55, 263, 275–76
commuted sentences and clemency for, 314
killing of, 264
in reaction to Japan’s surrender, 300–301
see also Kitamura, Sueharu
prison ships (“hellships”), 252–55
inadvertent attacks on, 254–55, 263–65
propaganda:
Japanese, 296
in U.S. press and media, 2, 47, 130
Pruitt, 173
psychological challenges, 70, 163
to prisoners, 252, 253–54, 264, 268, 276, 277, 288–90, 292–93, 308
Pulitzer Prize, 47
Purple Heart, 313
“P.W. Supplies,” 302
Quarterman, Carl, 275, 303
Queens, N.Y., air disaster over, 10–11
“Quiz Kids,” 283
R-18, 73, 75
Rabaul, Japanese base at, 43, 49, 50, 86, 88, 89, 92–94, 96, 110, 281, 282
radar, 7, 82, 93, 95, 119, 140, 142, 144, 145, 147, 167, 176, 179, 183, 189, 190, 197, 209, 220, 221, 233, 240, 255, 260
technological advances in, 114–15, 117
radios, 240
failures of, 220
radio silence, 49
radiotelephone, 93
Raiford, Rubin, i
n Tang explosion, 241, 249
railroads, Japanese, 22
prisoners transported by, 270–71, 273
Rainbow No. 5, 37
rain squalls, 79–80, 95–96, 117–19, 144–45, 147, 149, 197, 224, 228–29
Rakuyo Maru, 255
Ramirez de Arellano, Marion F., 197
rationing:
in Japan, 25
in U.S., 2, 70
Rector, Darrell Dean, 242
“Red Code,” 104
Red Cross:
nonregistered prisoners as outside domain of, 279
in prisoner liberation, 304, 306
supplies, 253, 285, 292
Redfin, 195
Refinery Point, 197, 255
refits, 191–92, 202, 230
as opportunity for rest and recreation, 76–77, 83, 162–63, 164, 172, 204, 214–15, 217, 236
Reina Mercedes, 125
Repulse, 38
Rescue, 310
Rice, Robert Henry:
appearance and personal qualities of, 19
as distant and rigid, 21, 58
education of, 19, 101–2
leadership style of, 21, 32
pressure to succeed felt by, 18–19, 21, 26
previous military experience of, 19–20
as skipper of Drum, ix, 18, 20, 22, 26–32, 57–58, 67–68, 101, 139, 192–93
success record of, 58, 101
Rickenbacker, Eddie, 281
Rindskopf, Maurice “Mike”:
aggressiveness of, 255–56, 258, 262
background of, 192
first ship sunk by, 262
leadership style of, 194
as officer on Drum, 20, 27–31, 44, 58–59, 67, 102–3, 109, 110–12, 192–94, 197–200
as skipper of Drum, ix, 192–94, 197–200, 255–56, 258–59, 261–63, 315
success record of, 263
as youngest skipper, 192, 194, 255
Rindskopf, Peter, 58–59
Robalo, 193
Rogers, Charles, 287–88
Romeo and Juliet (mice), 81–82, 84
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 2, 25–26, 34, 36, 38, 41, 70
rosebushes, in peace mission, 109–10
Rota, 195
Royal Hawaiian Hotel, 73, 171–72, 194, 204
Russia:
Germany and, 26
Japan and, 24, 133
war declared by, 298
Russo-Japanese War, 24, 87
Ryuho, 57
Ryujo, 126
Ryuku Islands, 174, 175
Ryuto Maru, sinking of, 119
S-4, xv, 6
S-12, 20
S-30, 21, 106
S-31, 86, 92, 115
Sagami Bay, 304
Sailfish, 103, 108
St. Lo, 225
Saipan, 137, 144–45, 148, 149, 150, 165, 168–69, 174, 194, 217, 220, 230, 256, 293, 296
sake, 257
Salmon, 68, 218, 225–29, 278
Samoa, 67
sampans, sinking of, 197–99, 255
Samuel B. Roberts, sinking of, 224
San Bernardino Strait, 195, 223, 225
San Diego Naval Hospital, 48, 51
Sanematsu, Yuzuru “Little Captain,” 282–83, 288
San Juan, 304
Sargo, 67
Sasaki, James, 282
Sasebo, Japan, 173, 175, 212
Savadkin, Lawrence “Larry,” 205–6, 208–9, 212
as prisoner of war, 271–72, 283, 284, 290, 300, 308, 310
in Tang explosion, 234–35, 241–42, 249, 250
Savo Island, Battle of, 86
Sawfish, 259–62
Scammell, Scott, II, 154–55, 158
Schaedler, George, 111
Schwartz, Hal, 14
Scorpion, 14
scurvy, 286
Seabees, 92
Seadragon, 262
appendectomy performed aboard, 47
Seahorse, 125, 195, 217
Seal, 143
Sealion, 107, 173–75, 183, 186, 255
Sea Poacher, 163
Searaven, 143
seasickness, 10, 117, 155, 162, 206, 212
Seattle, Wash., peace mission between Yokohama and, 109–10
Sellars, Mike, 86
sepsis, 46
Shakespeare, William, 292
Shanghai, 173
Shark, 74, 193, 262, 263–64
sinking of, 268, 279
Sharp, Donald, 171, 182, 217
Shichisei Maru, sinking of, 118–19
Shikisan Maru, sinking of, 262
Shikoku, 22
Shimochi, Keiei, 199
Shinsei Maru No. 1, 260, 262
ship identification books, 149
Shoho, sinking of, 59–60
Shokaku, 59–60, 61
sinking of, 196
Shoken Maru, 169
Shosei Maru, 169
Sicily, 205
silent running, 31
Silversides (“Silver Lady”), 192, 204, 263, 278, 315
award ceremony for, 116
Burlingame as skipper of, ix, 1–5, 10–17, 21, 22, 43–46, 48–49, 54–56, 72–73, 76, 83, 85–86, 108–9, 114–15, 162, 163, 314
components of, 5–9
construction of, 6–7
Coye as skipper of, ix, 72–84, 85–86, 92–100, 113–22, 162–70, 193, 217, 225–30, 256, 314, 315
eighth patrol of, 113–23, 162
eleventh patrol of, 217, 225–30
failed sixth patrol of, 76–85, 116
first enemy contact of, 11–17
first fatality on, 14–16
fourth patrol of, 43–56
heroic reputation of, 162
1944 New Year on, 120
ninth patrol of, 163–64
officers’ camaraderie on, 43–46
refits of, 114–15, 162–63, 164
rotation of sailors on, 91–92
seventh patrol of, 85, 91–100, 114, 116
success record of, 69, 114, 217, 230, 314
tenth patrol of, 162–70, 217
torpedo attack on, 121
and Ultra messages, 108–9
in wolf pack, 220, 228–30
Silver Star, 140, 204, 205, 263, 313
Simpson, Rodger, 304, 306
Singapore, 25, 38, 259, 301
Sino-Japanese War (1894–1895), 24
Skate, 135, 141, 143
Skipjack, 68
Smith, Richard, 162
Snook, 260–62
Sofu Gan, 174
Solomon Islands, 39, 77, 86, 88, 127, 137, 152, 180, 217
sonar, 7, 93, 94, 95, 96, 111, 117, 134, 166, 168, 233
Sonedono Maru, 109
Soryu, 64, 66
South China Sea, 259
South Dakota, 304
southern force (Japanese), 221, 222
souvenirs, 95, 99, 164
Soviet Union, 314
special captives:
at Japan’s surrender, 300–301
prisoners of war vs., 279, 291, 296
work of, 295–96
Sprague, Clifton, 223–25
Springer, Frank, 173, 204–5, 206–7, 213
in Tang explosion, 232–33
Spruance, Raymond, 195
Stark, Harold, 18, 34
“Starvation Island,” 88
Stassen, Harold, 304, 306–7
Station Hypo, 107
Stegall, Albert, 14, 50–51, 53
Sterlet, 229
stern, 7–8
Subic Bay, 255
“Submarine, The” (Bishop), xv
submarines, 33–41
German, 5–6, 34, 35, 41, 73, 78
Japanese, 41–42, 177–79, 282, 315–16
major fleets of, 39
maximum depth of, 31
men overboard on, 13
moral issues in wartime use of, 34
submarines, U.S.:
age factor in commanding of, 102–3, 110, 130
austere lifestyle aboard, 8–9, 21
communications between, 220
competition among, 173
components of, 5–9
construction of, 5–6, 40, 91, 217, 315
cut-away diagram of, xiii
dangers of, 5, 8, 74
duration of command on, 72
efficient and creative use of space on, 7–9
errors and miscalculations of, 66–67
escalating losses of, 279
Gato class, 7
Japan’s designs vs., 41–42
meals aboard, 9, 10, 208–9
medical procedures aboard, 10, 15, 45–54
Midway as first major fleet battle for, 65–67
number of, 39–40, 69–70, 103, 258, 315
peacetime tragedies of, 6
policy of, 5, 317
propulsion system of, 8
provisions aboard, 2, 9, 15, 83
records of, 314–15
recreation aboard, 9, 44–45, 81–82, 83, 120, 174
rotation of sailors aboard, 91–92, 163, 185, 192, 193, 202, 230
safety features of, 6, 237
speed of, 2, 8
strategy for, 6, 34, 40, 139, 316–17
success record of, 69–70
as support for major fleet operations, 139–51, 152–56, 158–61
in survivor rescue missions, 125, 152, 154–61, 172
wartime contributions of, 314–15
wartime losses of, 315–16
weaknesses of, 5–6
in wolf packs, 218–20
in World War I era, 20, 40, 69, 73, 102, 115, 125, 164, 192
see also specific vessels
Submarines Pacific Fleet, 39
Submarines Southwest Pacific, 39
submergence, 8, 27
sugar, as illicit currency, 292
sulfanilamide powder, 229
sulfuric acid, 238, 240
Sumatra, 38, 255
Sunfish, 136, 141, 143
superstitions:
of Burlingame, 4, 43, 76
of Coye, 76
supply convoys:
Japan’s new protective measures for, 179, 203
routes of, 107–8, 254
as submarine targets, 78, 80, 92–100, 108, 109–12, 113, 117, 136, 141–43, 148–51, 166–70, 176–77, 179–82, 209–15, 254, 259
Surabaya Maru, 109
surfacing, 54
Surigao Strait, 195, 222, 224
survivors, 66, 188, 255, 263
of Arisan Maru, 263–65, 267–68
Drum and, 198–99
Morton’s attack on, 132
of prison ships, 264–68
sea rescue of, 32, 60, 120, 125, 136, 152, 154–61, 172, 189, 225, 261, 265, 282
of Tang explosion, 249–51, 269–74, 277–90, 291–97, 300–302, 305, 307–11, 313
Tabrum, Owen, 159
Taffy 3, 223–24
Taihaku Maru, 262
Taiho (“Great Phoenix”), sinking of, 196
Tainan Maru, sinking of, 182
Tairin Maru, sinking of, 94–95
Taisho Maru, sinking of, 262
Taiten Maru, sinking of, 262
Taiun Maru No. 2, 185–86
Taiwan, see Formosa
Takane Maru, 226–27, 229
Takao, 32, 222