Amman, 12
Antiquities Department, 3, 12
Hashemite Kingdom of, 3
River, 105
Joseph, 32–33, 41, 45, 67, 72–76, 81, 94–108, 111, 113, 116, 136–37, 160, 166, 171, 176, 204, 263, 266, 275, 280, 283, 337, 346–48
and Pharaoh, 95–102, 105–7
Josephus, Flavius, 5, 8, 17, 38–39, 41, 114, 134, 194, 206, 208, 215, 238–39, 332, 336–37, 370
Joshua, 32, 40–41, 75–76, 123, 137, 180, 195, 215, 229, 348
Josiah, King, 140, 230, 261, 285, 287, 352
Jozada, Jeshua ben, 288
Jubilees, 213–14, 217, 227
Book of, 206–8, 212–17, 272, 288, 314
festivals, 213–14
Judaea, 1, 16, 24–25, 28–30, 68, 140, 142–43, 152, 163–64, 174, 206, 235–36, 234, 290, 295, 370
Judaean Desert, 1, 5, 211
Judah, 3, 94, 140–41, 180, 190, 207, 223, 257, 264
Judaism, 1, 5, 20, 30, 34, 39, 44, 58, 67, 70, 80, 90–91, 111, 142, 144, 153, 159, 205, 213, 215, 222, 224–25, 227, 237–38, 243, 246, 249–50, 253, 255, 257, 260–63, 265–71, 279, 334
Judges, 139
Jull, A. J. T., 331
Junker, H., 339
Ka, 55, 308
Kabbalah, 92, 213–14, 370
Kaddish, 319
Kadesh, 55, 119
Kampen, John, 293, 365
Kando, 293, 230–31
Karma, 55
Karnak, 59, 63, 65, 87, 107, 120, 135–36
karsch, 283
Katzenberg, Jeffrey, 202, 337
Kaufman, Yehezkel, 43, 338
Kees, H., 339, 344
Kemp, Barry, 149, 236, 359
Kenan, 311
Keneally, Thomas, 349
Kenyon, Kathleen M., 135–36, 280, 346, 362, 366
Kessler, David, 362
Ketef Hinnom, 92
khaff, 175
Khepru (Cheperu), 116, 296
Khirbet-Qumran, 144, 157, 180
Khnum, 116, 262
Khons (Khonsu, Khunsu), 63, 86, 106
Khopri, 51
Kidron Valley, 157, 185, 194–95
Kings, Book of, 58, 209, 222–27, 230, 248, 294, 318
King, Stephen, 357
Kite, 28, 176
Kittim, 196
Kiya, 88
Klostermann, Georg, 148, 291
Knesset, 257
Knudtzon, J. A., 361
Kochlit, 167, 170
Kohath, Testament of, 4, 132, 167–68, 170, 213–14
Kohathites, 130, 350
Kohelet, 66
Konosso, 268
Korah, 131–32, 287
Koran, 55, 93, 105
Krauss, R., 290
Kuntillet Ajrud, 299–300
Kush (Cush), 37–38, 40, 268
KV55, tomb, 266, 353
Laban, 94–95
Lachish, 73
Lacoudre, N., 336
lamps, 109
lampstand (Menorah), 128–29, 220
Lancaster, University of, 263
Lange, Nicholas de, 43, 338
Laperrousaz, E. M., 332
lapis lazuli, 109
lappets, 62
lavers (baths), 176–77, 188, 220, 233
Lazarus, 245
lead, 235
galena, 303
Leah, 33, 93
Leather, 8, 234–35, 323
Lebanon, 229, 297
Leeds, University of, 121
Lefkovits, Judah, 18, 193, 283, 334, 363
Legrange, Joseph-Louis, 344
Lehman, Manfred, 17, 334–35
Leibnitz, 348
Leipzig, University of, 42, 249
Leontopolis, 348
Leslau, Wolf, 362
Levant, 297
Levi (Levites), 35, 130, 137, 139–41, 167, 208, 212–13, 271–72, 284, 286, 288, 291–93, 349
Leviticus, 36, 223, 225–56
Lewis, Agnes, 208–9
Lex Coloniae Genetivae Juliae, 23
Leyden Hymns, 55, 65
Libby, W. F., 236
Lichtheim, Miriam, 360
Lim, Timothy, 153
Linguistics, 282
Liverpool, 187
Museum, 187, 235
Loftie, W. J., 187
London, 167
University College, 43, 131, 296, 300
Lot, 81
Lotan, Jonathan, 162, 297, 349
Lotiform Chalice, 129
Louvre Museum, Paris, 129
Lublin, University of, 145
Lucas, Alfred, 358
Lucretius, 201, 231
Lüddeckens, Erich, 354
Luxor, 24, 63, 106, 119
Museum, 87, 168
Luz, Ulrich, 148, 291
Ma’ariv, 275
Maat, 105, 262, 347–48
Maccabees, 371
Machpelah, Cave of, 105
Mackenzie, Donald A., 345
Maclaurin, E., 265–66, 361
Magen, Itzhak, 8
magic, 60, 88, 91–92, 214
Mahalalel, 311
Mahu, 99
Maimonides, Moses, 208, 347
Malach el Aha, 146
malachite, 109
Malek, Jaromir, 354
Mamre, 81–82, 94–95, 105
Manasseh, 33, 97, 105
Manasseh, King, 270–71
Manchester, 13, 19
College of Science and Technology, 12, 44
Institute of Jewish Studies, 108
Museum, 29, 144, 283, 332–33
Sheffield Centre for Dead Sea Scrolls Research, 142, 303–4, 358
UMIST, 18, 333–34
University, 142, 283
Manetho, 36, 39, 41, 95, 113, 133, 136, 290, 346, 371
Manual of Discipline, 3, 211, 214, 238, 331
Margalit, Shlomo, 148–50, 291, 352, 364
Mari, 68, 77
Mar Saba Monastery, 1
Martin, G. T., 149, 338, 355
Martinez, Florentino Garcia, 165, 171, 178–80, 185, 187–93, 200, 333, 354–55, 358
Martyr, Justin, 36, 41, 337
Mary, mother of Jesus, 32, 53
Masada, 9, 209, 333–34
Maskil, 163
Masons. See Freemasons. Masoretic, 331
Matthew, 336
mattocks, 239
Matzoh, 70
Maxwell, Robert, 330
McCarter, Kyle, 18, 298, 334–36
Mebaqqer, 204
Mecca, 105
Medinet-el-Fayuim, 119
Medinet Habu, 24, 63
Mediterranean, the, 31, 109
Meggido, 73, 231, 247
Meketaten, 273
Melchizedek, King, 81–82
Memphis, 38, 53–56, 86, 105, 143, 181
Menelaus, 289, 352
Menelik, Prince, 270
Menn, Esther M., 365
Merari, 350
mercury, 235
Mereruka, 127
Merikare, King, 87, 347
Merneptah, 73, 98, 135–36
Meroe, 268
Meryra I, 99, 136, 172, 179–80, 183, 187–88, 195–96, 223, 227, 232
Meryra II, 99, 172
Mesopotamia, 33, 35–36, 42, 61, 67–69, 73–74, 80, 94, 115, 124, 278, 281
Messiahs, 8, 208, 222–23
kingly, 203–6, 227
priestly, 206, 227
Messianic Rule, 222
metallurgy, 20–21, 25
Methuselah, 74
Metrology, 20–21
Mettinger, T., 363
Metzger, Bruce, 42, 338
Meyer, Eduard, 133–34, 284, 290, 364
Micah, 140, 351–52
Midianite, 36–37, 41, 68, 95, 114, 138, 337, 350
Midrash, 34, 38, 108, 114, 215, 291–94
Migdol, 258
Mikvah, 238, 292, 324
Milik, Jozef, 13–14, 18, 44, 145–46, 169–70, 193, 236, 283–84, 332–33, 354, 358
Mina (h), 14–15, 28, 200
&nb
sp; Miriam, 32, 34, 133
Mishna, 12, 37, 163, 333
Mitanni, 68, 73, 84, 264
Moabites, 351
Moabite Stone, 349
Modigliani, 218
Moeris, Lake, 101, 160
Mohammed edh-Dhib, 3, 330
Moller, G., 348
Moloch, 231
Monastery of the Cross, 257
Monotheism, 32, 34, 55–57, 60, 83, 89, 94, 103, 106, 110, 114, 116–17, 137–38, 142, 201–7, 215, 222, 246, 248, 252–54, 266–67, 269, 271, 315
Morenz, Siegfried, 42, 242, 248–49, 251–52, 285, 289, 337–38, 341–42, 346, 359–60
Moret, A., 342
Morgenstern, Julian, 363
Morkot, Robert, 365
Morteani, Giulio, 335
Mosaic, 216–18, 223, 257, 262
Moses, 2, 25, 32, 34–41, 45, 67–73, 82, 112, 116, 130–37, 139, 141, 144, 158, 161, 166, 192, 198–99, 204, 208–9, 212–18, 221–22, 225, 232, 234, 242, 245, 249, 258, 260, 267, 269, 280–81, 285–86, 291, 293, 337–38, 348–50
and the Exodus, 114–17, 119–24, 258–61
Prince of Egypt, 2, 34–35, 37, 40–41, 44, 55, 113–14, 120–21, 123, 135
Mount Gerizim, 16, 157–58, 189, 194–96
Mount Muntar, 1
Mount of Olives, 157
Mount Rushmore, 145
Mount Sinai, 43–44, 124–25, 208, 225, 258
Moussaieff, Shlomo, 299
Mozart, 71
mummy, 26, 120, 304
Murnane, W. H., 347
musical instruments, 240–42
Muslim, 43, 92, 201, 226, 233, 238, 272, 336
faith, 5, 34, 42, 91
Mut, 86, 106, 251
Nabatean, 215
Nablus, 198
Nahariya, 264
Nahum, 142
Naphtali, 270
Naqada II, Pharaoh, 256
NASA, 309
NATO, 22
Navon Commission, 276
Nebuchadnezzar, 17, 162, 210–11, 258
Nebuzar-adan, 305
Nechoh, 231
Neferkhepure Waenre, 84
Nefer-Seshem-Ptah, 40
Nefertiti, 85, 88, 98, 174–75, 185, 187, 228, 290, 294, 299–300
Negev, 299
Nehemiah, 18, 39, 342
nemes, 62
Nephthys, 56, 62, 216
Neriah, 305
‘New Jerusalem’ Scroll, 145–50, 154, 261, 288, 291–92, 327
New Testament, 32, 39, 41, 51, 55, 92, 204, 218, 223, 244–46, 271
New Year (Rosh Hashanah), 323
New York, 248
University of, 227, 282, 302
Metropolitan Museum, 149
Nicholson, Paul, 336, 353–55, 358
Niehoff Maren, 346
Nile, River, 34, 41–42, 46–47, 62, 86, 100–103, 122, 142, 146–47, 160, 172, 184–85, 189, 193, 197, 216, 225, 250, 266, 275–76, 290, 297
Nilometer, 256
Nineveh, 200, 264
Nir-El, Yoram, 358
Noah, 220–22
Noph (Memphis), 258
Northover, Jeremy, 335
Noth, Martin, 337
Nubia, 26, 37, 60, 63, 268–78
Nubian, 38, 252
Numbers, 36, 37, 92, 131, 136, 139, 237, 287, 348
Nut, 53, 60
nuzi, 68, 77
Nyussera, King, 189
Obed-edom, 229
oil, 15, 18, 60, 355
Old Testament, 5, 20, 32, 35–39, 41–42, 44, 51–53, 55, 58, 65, 69–73, 79, 80–81, 93–94, 101, 103, 114, 121–22, 126, 127–28, 130–32, 136, 140, 161, 180, 196, 205–6, 213, 219, 225–26, 243–44, 257, 265, 267, 270–72, 286, 305, 320
On, City of, 97, 109–111, 114, 135, 165, 248, 253
On, son of Peleth, 131, 287
Onias III, 352
Onias IV, 32, 145, 284–85, 289–90, 348, 353
Oral Laws, 37, 227, 255, 260, 262, 266–70,
orthography, 12, 373
Osarsiph, 36, 134
Osireion, 341
Osiris, 36, 56–57, 62, 75, 87–88, 92, 216, 219, 245, 309–10
Osorkon II, 57
Otto, E., 337, 347, 354
Oxford University, 11, 301
Oxyrynchus (fish), 251
Palaeography, 12, 19, 373
Paleo-Hebrew See Hebrew, writing Palestine, 48, 68, 152, 209
Archaeological Museum, 8, 331–32
British Mandate of, 3
Panehesy, 98–99, 179, 231
papyrus, 8, 127, 234–35, 248, 323, 373
Ani, 210, 251, 338
Harris, 24–28,
Rhind Mathematical, 164
parchment, 8, 229
Paris, 145
Museum, 129, 259
Passover, 199, 216, 258–59, 263, 260, 267
Pathros, 258
Patriarchs, 32–33, 41, 65, 67–70, 72, 75, 81, 94–95, 115, 117, 201, 215, 217, 219
Paul, Epistle of, 251
Pavilions of Life, 129
Peet, Eric, 260, 361
Peleg, Yuval, 8
Pendlebury, J. D. S., 174–76, 354–55
Pentateuch, 37, 92, 231, 263, 267, 373
perfume, 13
Pericles, 249
Persia (Persians), 58, 70–71, 143–44, 210, 217, 259, 256, 262–63, 267, 271, 283, 373
Petosiris of Hermopolis, 347
Petra (Rekem), 211
Petrie W. M. Flinders, 90, 149, 189, 353, 355
Pfann, Stephen, 357
Pharisees, 153, 353
Philae, 309
Philistines, 40, 73, 270, 350
Philo, Judaeus, 5, 8, 36, 41, 107, 332, 336–37, 352, 373
Philochorus, 36
Phoenician, 12, 124, 246, 297
phoenix, 51
pi, 76, 312
Pinch, Geraldine, 342
pitchers. See jars. Pithom, 106, 119, 160
Pixner, Bargil, 193, 334
Plato, 249, 348
Plaut, W. Gunther, 349
Pliny the Elder, 5, 290, 336, 373
Ploeg, J. Van de, 353
Plutarch, 54, 246, 373
Polyhistor, Alexander, 36
polytheism, 104–5, 110, 113
Pope Gregory XIII, 311
Pope Pius XII, 44, 339
Popper-Linkeus, Josef, 35, 305
Porten, Bezalel, 258, 261, 353, 361–62
Posener, George, 358
Potiphar, 95–96, 337
Poti-phera, 97
Pouilly, J., 355
Powel, M., 353
Prebyterian, 44
Priests, 43, 91, 103, 114, 131, 135, 139–41, 143, 145, 153, 156, 158, 161, 207–8, 219, 221, 263, 265, 289, 317
Atenist, 107, 109–11, 114, 122, 130, 132, 202, 210, 249, 259, 261–62, 269–70
Jewish, 131–32
Prince of Cush, 38
Prince of Egypt See Moses Priscilla, Catacombs of, 53
Pritchard, J. B., 341–42, 348, 360
Protestant, 44
Proverbs, Book of, 242, 246–48
Psalms, 98, 121, 205–10, 239–45, 247–48, 270, 341, 356
Scroll, 243
Thanksgiving, 3–4, 331
pseudepigraphia, 4, 373
Ptah, 53–55, 87, 105
Ptah-hotep, 62, 247
Ptolemies, 352
Ptolemy II, Philadelphus, 134, 373
Puech, E., 300, 360, 365
Purim, 161, 217, 266, 274, 323
puttee, 98
Pyramid of Giza, 61, 149
Pyramid Texts, 51, 53–54, 56, 128, 219, 243
Qahat, Testimony of, 132, 288
Qarun, Lake, 101, 160
Qumran, 2–3, 5, 8–9, 12, 14, 17–18, 31, 132, 139, 141, 143, 145–46, 149–50, 152, 158–60, 180, 206, 212, 221, 226, 229–33, 243, 254–55, 265–66, 270, 283, 287, 290, 334
Community, 18, 153, 160, 174, 178, 188, 213, 216, 218–19, 323
Essenes, 1–2, 4–5, 8, 11–14, 16–19, 23–25, 28–31, 45, 55, 57, 108, 1
33, 142–43, 152–53, 155, 160–61, 163, 165, 167, 174, 177–80, 182, 188, 199–201, 206–8, 210–15, 217, 219, 221–24, 226–27, 229–30, 232–34, 237, 242–43, 263, 265–66, 283, 301–2, 323
links with Akhetaten, 140–49, 212–14
Ra. See Re. Rabbi, 43, 91
Rabbinic, 4, 63, 216
Rabin, Chaim, 108, 348
Rachel, 33, 93–94
radiocarbon dating. See carbon dating. Raguel, 37
Ra-Horakhty, 110
Ramses, City of, 106, 119, 122, 160
Ramses II, 25, 57, 103, 112, 115, 118–19, 153, 160, 349–50
Ramses III, 24–28, 63, 65, 134–35
Raspe, Lucia, 134, 350
Rawlinson, G., 360
Re, 51, 54–58, 62–63, 110, 309
Ready, W. Talbot, 187
Rebekah, 94
Redford, Donald B., 290, 346, 348
Red Sea, 109, 135
Reeves, Nicholas, 352, 363
Rehoboam, 257, 270
Reich, Ronny, 238, 359
Reif, Stefan, 209
resins, 15, 191–92, 355
resurrection, 239
Reuben, 95
Reuel, 37
Revelations, Book of, 146, 357
Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, 165
rivetting, techniques of, 25, 27
Rockefeller, J. D., 335
Museum, 44, 145, 332, 335
Rogerson, John, 42, 338, 350, 361
Rohl, David, 342
Roitman, Adolpho, 357
Romans, 9, 16–18, 23–24, 37–39, 57, 147, 181, 189, 190, 207, 245, 250, 373
army, 203
Book of, 245–46
Rome, 18, 53, 143, 211, 241
Romer, John, 243, 342, 347, 359
Rosen, Jeremy, 365
Rowley, H. H., 355
Rule of the Community. See Manual of Discipline. Rundle Clark, R. T., 51, 337–39, 341–42, 346, 357
Russia, 331
Sabbah, Messod, 245, 296, 365
Sabbah, Roger, 245, 296, 365
sacrifice, 86–88, 130–32, 139, 175, 188, 194–95, 204, 221, 225, 227, 241, 248, 259, 265, 267, 271, 324
St. John, Revelation of, 246, 308
St. Luke, Gospel of, 245
St. Mark’s Monastery, 331
Archbishop of, 331
St. Peter, 246
St. Petersburg, 331
Salem, 81
Samaria, 16, 262
Samaritans, 198–200, 268, 287, 358
Samuel, the Prophet, 140, 226, 250
Samuel, M., 345
Sanballat, 198, 200, 262
Sanders, E. P., 153
Sanders, James, A., 248, 359
Saqqara, 40, 127, 184, 189, 300
Sarah (Sarai), 2, 32, 78–79, 81, 114, 312
Sargon, 35
Saul, King, 350
Schechter, Solomon, 208
Schiffman, Lawrence, 227, 282, 294, 333, 358, 362, 366
Schindler, Oscar, 118–19, 349
scorification, 2, 330
scriptorium, 8
scrolls, 13, 15, 24, 38, 197, 206
Seged Festival, 265, 267
Sekhmet, 309
Selassie, Haile, 271
Seleucid, 289
Selig, S., 350
Sellin, Ernst, 80, 345
Semites, 40, 79, 115
Semitic, 35, 66, 78, 94, 264
The Mystery of the Copper Scroll of Qumran Page 48