34. Vladimir Putin, “Press Service Announcements,” Archive of the Official Site of the 2008–2012 Prime Minister of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin, March 3, 2009, http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/events/messages/3519 (accessed May 23, 2013); Vladimir Putin, “Press Service Announcements,” Archive of the Official Site of the 2008–12 Prime Minister, February 16, 2011, http://archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/events/messages/14163/ (accessed January 23, 2012).
35. Åslund, “How Rosneft Is Turning into Another Gazprom.”
36. “Annual Report,” Statoil, 2012, http://www.statoil.com/annualreport2012/en/Download%20Center%20Files/01%20Key%20downloads/11%20Annual%20Report%20on%20Form%2020-F%202012/AnnualreportonForm20-F.pdf (accessed April 9, 2014).
37. Sergei Guriev and Aleh Tsyvinski, “Rosneft Delivers a Blow to Market Economy,” Moscow Times, October 30, 2012, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/rosneft-delivers-a-blow-to-market-economy/470615.html (accessed January 30, 2014).
38. “Russia’s Wounded Giant,” Economist, March 23, 2013, http://www.economist.com/news/business/21573975-worlds-biggest-gas-producer-ailing-it-should-be-broken-up-russias-wounded-giant (accessed February 21, 2014).
39. Milov and Nemtsov, “Putin and Gazprom.”
40. Matthew Kaminski, “The Man Who Stood Up to Putin,” Wall Street Journal. May 9, 2014, http://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304885404579552120262256240?mg=reno64-wsj&url=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304885404579552120262256240.html (accessed May 10, 2014).
41. “William F. Browder,” Hermitage Capital Management, 2008, http://web.archive.org/web/20080727055246/http://www.hermitagefund.com/index.pl/asset_management/ceo.html.
42. Andrew E. Kramer, “At Gazprom, Investors in Battle for the Board,” International Herald Tribune, June 27, 2006, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/27/business/worldbusiness/27iht-gazprom.2066786.html?_r=0 (accessed January 8, 2012).
43. Vladimir Putin, “News Conference on Magnitskiy,” 60 Minutes, CBS News, February 16, 2014, http://www.cbsnews.com/news/americans-fight-to-expose-corruption-in-russia/ (accessed March 7, 2014).
44. “Russia Finds Magnitsky Posthumously Guilty of Fraud,” BBC World News, July 11, 2013, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-23265423 (accessed July 12, 2013).
45. John McMillan and James Twiss, Gazprom and Hermitage Capital: Shareholder Activism in Russia. Case Study. (Palo Alto, CA: Stanford Graduate School of Business, 2002); Edward Lucas, Deception: The Untold Story of East-West Espionage Today (London: Walker Books, 2012), 23–51; and a Web page devoted to the Magnitskiy case, http://russian-untouchables.com/eng/.
46. American Embassy Kyiv to U.S. Secretary of State, “Ukraine: Too Early to Write Off Ros-UkrEnergo in 2009,” Wikileaks, October 30, 2008, http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/10/08KYIV2173.html (accessed November 23, 2011).
47. Glenn R. Simpson, “U.S. Identifies Russian ‘Nexus’ of Organized Crime,” Main Justice. International Assessment and Strategy Center, February 10, 2010, http://www.strategycenter.net/research/pubID.223/pub_detail.asp (accessed May 29, 2014).
48. Michael B. Mukasey, “Remarks Prepared for Delivery by Attorney General Michael B. Mukasey on International Organized Crime at the Center for Strategic and International Studies,” Justice.gov, April 23, 2008, http://www.justice.gov/ag/speeches/2008/ag_speech_080423.html (accessed May 29, 2014).
49. Roman Kupchinsky, “The Strange Ties between Semyon Mogilevich and Vladimir Putin,” Eurasia Daily Monitor 6, no. 57 (2009).
50. U.S. Government, “Russia 090326: Basic Political Developments,” Wikileaks, March 26, 2009, https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=4&ved=0CDsQFjAD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwikileaks.org%2Fgifiles%2Fattach%2F60%2F60052_Russia%2520090326.doc&ei=H56HU9zVIM2uyASDmYKYCQ&usg=AFQjCNHtoazuo0ZQJUFGIW_rSXIHByxHew (accessed May 29, 2014).
51. Julia Ioffe, “Net Impact: One Man’s Cyber-Crusade against Russian Corruption,” New Yorker, April 4, 2011, www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/04/04/110404fa_fact_ioffe (accessed Feburary 6, 2012).
52. Åslund, “Why Gazprom Resembles a Crime Syndicate.”
53. “Companies with Gazprom Participation and Other Affiliated Entities,” Gazprom, 2014, http://www.gazprom.com/about/subsidiaries/list-items/ (accessed May 28, 2014).
54. Andreas Heinrich, “Gazprom’s Expansion Strategy in Europe and the Liberalization of EU Energy Markets,” Russian Analytical Digest, February 2008, 8–14.
55. “Exxon: Subsidiaries of the Registrant,” Securities and Exchange Commission, December 31, 2010, http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/34088/000119312511050134/dex21.htm (accessed May 27, 2014).
56. “Gazprom—New Russian Weapon,” Kommersant, January 30, 2008, www.kommersant.com/p845604/Gazprom_Business_Gas/.
57. Mikhayl Zygar and Valeriy Panyushkin, “Gazprom: New Russian Weapon,” Kommersant, January 30, 2008, http://www.kommersant.com/p845604/Gazprom_Business_Gas/ (accessed December 4, 2013); “Gazprom Management Board,” Gazprom, 2014, http://www.gazprom.com/about/management/board/ (accessed May 29, 2014); “Gazprom Board of Directors,” Gazprom, 2014, http://www.gazprom.com/about/management/directors/ (accessed May 29, 2014); Alyakrinskaya and Privylovskiy, “Prem’er v krugu ‘Sem’i’ [The premier among the circle of ‘the Family’]”; Roman Shleynov, “Dzhyudo: Svoikh ne brosayut [Judo: They don’t throw their own],” Novaya gazeta, June 29, 2009. http://www.novayagazeta.ru/inquests/44531.html (accessed May 29, 2014).
58. Brendan Conway, “Grant on Gazprom: ‘Worst-Managed Company on the Planet’ Is a Buy,” Barron’s, May 5, 2014, http://blogs.barrons.com/focusonfunds/2014/05/05/grant-on-gazprom-worst-managed-company-on-the-planet-is-a-buy/ (accessed May 5, 2014).
59. Konstantin Sonin, “Gas Deal Profit Depends on Costs of Corruption,” Moscow Times, May 28, 2014, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/gas-deal-profit-depends-on-costs-of-corruption/501102.html (accessed May 28, 2014).
60. “Suzanna Taverne Appointed as New BBC Trustee,” BBC Trust, December 15, 2011, http://www.bbc.co.uk/bbctrust/news/press_releases/2011/suzanna_taverne.html (accessed May 8, 2014).
61. “Compensation and Liability Insurance of Members of the Board of Directors, Members of the Management Committee and Chairman of the Management Committee of OAO Gazprom,” Gazprom, 2012, http://www.gazprom.com/f/posts/94/225493/directors-management-remuneration-insurance-2012-en.pdf (accessed May 23, 2014).
62. “Capital Flight from Russia Reaches $40 Billion in January—Minister,” RIA-Novosti, February 26, 2009, http://en.rian.ru/russia/20090226/120317628.html. (accessed September 8, 2012).
63. Kathryn Hendley, “Varieties of Legal Dualism: Making Sense of the Role of Law in Contemporary Russia,” Wisconsin Journal of International Law, 29, no. 2 (2011): 233–363.
64. Masyuk, “Henry Reznik: Our Court Is a Stranger to Doubts.”
65. Shleynov et al., “Honorary Consuls.”
66. “Consulate of Luxembourg in St. Petersburg,” Embassy Pages, September 27, 2013, http://www.embassypages.com/missions/embassy1392/ (accessed May 25, 2014).
67. Viktor Cherkesov, “Nel’zya dopustit’ chtoby voiny prevratilis’ v torgovtsev [We must not allow warriors to turn into traders],” Kommersant, October 9, 2009, http://dlib.eastview.com.proxy.lib.muohio.edu/browse/doc/12708486 (accessed January 7, 2011).
68. Andrei Illarionov, “Testimony,” House Committee on Foreign Affairs, February 25, 2009, http://foreignaffairs.house.gov/111/ill022509.pdf (accessed December 8, 2012).
69. Andrei Piontkovsky, “The Dying Mutant,” Journal of Democracy 20, no. 2 (April 2009): 52.
70. John Helmer, “Medvedev Reelection Fight Leads to Punchup on Russian Shipbuilder Board,” Business Insider, May 13, 2011, http://www.businessinsider.com/medvedev-reelection-fight-leads-to-punchup-on-russian-shipbuilder-board-2011-5?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+businessinsider+%28Business+Insider%29.
71. Henry Meyer and Il’ya Arkhipov, “Fathers, Sons, and Russian Power Games: The Sons of Putin Al
lies Land in Key Positions in State Companies, to Medvedev’s Chagrin,” Bloomberg Businessweek, May 19, 2011, http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/11_22/b4230014956456.htm. (accessed April 7, 2013); Boris Nemtsov, Putin’s Clan in the Government and Business, YouTube, June 19, 2012, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hj5FdOiBnXk.
72. Aleh Tsyvinski and Sergei Guriev, “The Purge of the Kremlin Chairmen,” Moscow Times, April 13, 2011, http://www.themoscowtimes.com/opinion/article/the-purge-of-the-kremlin-chairmen/434935.html (accessed January 3, 2014).
73. Vladimir Putin, “St. Petersburg International Economic Forum,” Kremlin, May 23, 2014, http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/7230 (accessed May 24, 2014).
74. Louise Armitstead, “UK Police Investigate Russian Fraud at European Bank for Reconstruction and Development,” Telegraph (UK), January 19, 2011, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/8267716/UK-police-investigate-Russian-fraud-at-European-Bank-for-Reconstruction-and-Development.html (accessed January 23, 2013).
75. Venelin I. Ganev, “Post-Communism as an Episode of State Building: A Reversed Tillyan Perspective,” Communist and Post-Communist Studies 48, no. 4 (2005): 441.
76. Parliamentary Assembly, the Council of Europe, “Recommendation 1710: Honoring of Obligations and Commitments by the Russian Federation,” 2005, http://assembly.coe.int/Mainf.asp?link=/Documents/AdoptedText/ta05/EREC1710.htm (accessed December 8, 2011).
77. American Embassy Stockholm to Secretary of State, Washington, DC, “Sweden on the EU Partnership and Nordstream,” Wikileaks, November 28, 2008, http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2008/11/08STOCKHOLM792.html (accessed April 15, 2012).
78. Irina Filatova and Khristina Narizhnaya, “Russia Faces Pressure after Report on Graft,” Moscow Times, January 12, 2011, http://www.cdi.org/russia/johnson/russia-corruption-europe-greco-report-jan-153.cfm (accessed January 13, 2011).
79. Parliamentary Assembly, Council of Europe, “Recommendation 1710: Honoring of Obligations and Commitments by the Russian Federation.”
80. GRECO Secretariat, Council of Europe, “Addendum to the Compliance Report on the Russian Federation,” December 3, 2012, http://www.coe.int/t/dghl/monitoring/greco/evaluations/round2/GrecoRC1&2(2010)2_Add_RussianFederation_EN.pdf (accessed March 8, 2014).
81. “Serbia Approves Sale of NIS to Gazprom,” RIA-Novosti, January 23, 2008, http://en.rian.ru/analysis/20080123/97600280.html (accessed February 15, 2012).
82. Igor Torbakov, “Russian Policymakers Air Notion of ‘Liberal Empire’ in Caucasus, Central Asia,” Eurasianet.org, October 27, 2003, http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/insight/articles/eav102703.shtml (accessed January 16, 2010).
83. “Russian, Tajik Presidents Unveil Joint-Venture Power Plant,” Radio Free Europe Radio Liberty, March 14, 2011, http://www.rferl.org/content/Russian_Tajik_Presidents_Unveil_Joint_Venture_Power_Plant/1789915.html (accessed January 17, 2012).
84. Samvel Martyrosyan, “Armenia: Answers Demanded on UES Deal,” Eurasianet.org, July 13, 2005, http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/business/articles/eav071405.shtml (accessed January 7, 2012).
85. For Georgia, see Zeyno Baran, “Deals Give Russian Companies Influence over Georgia’s Energy Infrastructure,” Eurasianet.org, August 17, 2003, http://www.eurasianet.org/departments/business/articles/eav081803.shtml. For Kyrgyzstan, see Cholpon Orozobekova, “Kyrgyzstan: Moscow, Riled over Nationalization, Fires Shot across Bishkek’s Bow,” Eurasianet.org, March 14, 2011, http://www.eurasianet.org/node/63068.
86. Peter Finn, “Probe Traces Global Reach of Counterfeiting Ring; Fake $100 Bills in Maryland Tied to Organized Crime in Separatist Enclave,” Washington Post, November 26, 2006, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/25/AR2006112500963. (accessed March 23, 2011).
87. Yulia Latynina, “South Ossetia Crisis Could Be Russia’s Chance to Defeat Siloviki,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, August 8, 2008, http://www.rferl.org/content/South_Ossetia_Crisis_Could_Be_Russian_Chance_To_Defeat_Siloviki/1189525.html.
88. “South Ossetia: Recent Developments,” Global Security, 2008, http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/south-ossetia-2.htm (accessed December 8, 2011).
89. Freedom House, “South Ossetia: 2011,” http://www.freedomhouse.org/modules/mod_call_dsp_country-fiw.cfm?year=2011&country=8193. Also see Russian Expert Group, Black Sea Peacebuilding Network, Carnegie Moscow Center, South Ossetia: Aftermath and Outlook, rapporteur, Alexander Skakov, Report No. 2011/1, 2011, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Report_ossetia_eng_2011.pdf.
90. U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee, “Will Russia End Eastern Europe’s Last Frozen Conflict?,” 112th Congress, 1st Session, February 8, 2011 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2011). http://www.gpo.gov/sfsys.
91. Tom Warner, “Dubious dacha sale raises tricky questions over Ukrainians fleeing to Moscow,” Financial Times, May 6, 2005, http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/5e6356c4-bdda-11d9-87aa-00000e2511c8.html#axzz3764qzNEa (accessed July 11, 2014).
92. Harriet Salem and Ludmila Makarova, “Crimean Annexation Brings Dacha Prize Closer for Putin,” Guardian, March 28, 2014, http://www.theGuardian.com/world/2014/mar/28/crimean-annexation-dacha-vladimir-putin-russian-president (accessed May 3, 2014).
93. Tom Wallace and Farley Mesko, “The Odessa Network: Mapping Facilitators of Russian and Ukrainian Arms Transfer,” C4ADS, September 2013, http://www.globalinitiative.net/download/arms-trafficking/arms(2)/C4ads%20-%20The%20Odessa%20Network%20Mapping%20facilitators%20of%20Russian%20and%20Ukranian%20Arms%20Transfers%20-%20Sept%202013.pdf (accessed May 4, 2014).
94. U.S. Department of the Treasury, “Ukraine Related Designations,” April 28, 2014, http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC-Enforcement/Pages/20140428.aspx.
95. Anatoliy Karlin, “The Kremlinologist Catechism,” Sublime Oblivion, August 27, 2010, www.sublimeoblivion.com (accessed February 15, 2012).
96. American Embassy Moscow to U.S. Secretary of State, “Questioning Putin’s Work Ethic,” Wikileaks, March 4, 2009, http://wikileaks.ch/cable/2009/03/09MOSCOW532.html (accessed April 8, 2010).
97. Vladimir Putin, “Interview,” Lenta TV, 1996, http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=DvAYV6-ZN0I (accessed June 6, 2013).
98. “Right of Ownership to a Country,” Gazeta.ru, June 18, 2007, in Johnson’s Russia List, no.137, June 19, 2007 (accessed by email listserve April 1, 2013).
99. Åslund, Russia’s Capitalist Revolution, 211.
100. Nikitinskiy, “Litso vlasti [A Person of Power].”
101. Earley, Comrade J, 299.
102. Masyuk, “Gleb Pavlovskiy: ‘What Putin Is Most Afraid of Is to Be Left Out.’ ”
103. Guardian interview with Gleb Pavlovskiy, January 2012, in Hill and Gaddy, Mr. Putin, 20.
INDEX
Page numbers in italics refer to picture captions.
ABC, 69
Abel, Rudolf, 59n
Abramov, Ivan, 45
Abramovich, Roman, 10, 100–101, 115, 154, 156, 192, 194, 199, 207, 263–64, 278–80, 283, 285, 290–92, 298, 299, 304
Berezovskiy and, 278–79, 280, 289–92
Abrasimov, Pyotr, 49
Abros, 70, 283
Accept Ltd., 283
active reserves, KGB, 29
adoptions, 327
Aeroflot, 58, 183, 325
Afghanistan, 5
Akimov, Andrey, 32, 56, 330
connection with Putin, board memberships, and net worth or compensation of, 338
Aksyonov, V., 61
Al’bats, Yevgeniya, 26, 60–61, 298n
alcohol consumption, 314
Alekperov, Vagit, 277
Aleksandrov, Aleksey, 64, 69, 142
Aleksey II, Patriarch, 148
Alekseyeva, Lyudmila, 195n
Alfa Group, 156
Algeria, 347
All Russia (Vsya Rossiya) Party, 193
All-Union Leninist Communist League of Youth (Vsesoyuznyy Leninskiy Kommunisticheskiy Soyuz Molodyozhi; Komsomol), 33,
81, 88
Almaz-Antey, 85–86, 325
Almaz Scientific Industrial Corporation, 85–86
Alpha Group, 263
al Qaeda, 5
aluminum, 56, 263
Amin, Hafizullah, 60n
Andrew, Christopher, 22n
Andropov, Yuriy, 26, 28, 29, 44–45, 61
Anichin, Aleksey, 195
Anikin, Aleksandr, 87, 109, 119
Anin, Roman, 143
Anisimova, Zukhra, 244
ANT, 27–28
Antey Corporation, 85–86, 325
apartment bombings, 122n, 208–9, 211, 212–23
FSB and, 212–23, 259, 262
Ryazan, 208, 212–23, 259–62
Arab Spring, 349
Arbatskaya, Marina, 249
Aristov, Sergey, 26–27, 28
Armenia, 343, 345
Armenian Electricity Network, 345
Artem’yev, Igor, 150
Åslund, Anders, 105, 169, 294–95, 329, 349
Aspen Conference, 20
Assad, Hafez al-, 222
Atgeriev, Turpal-Ali, 200–201
Austria, 45
Austrian Square (Evdokimov), 159n
Aven, Pyotr, 19–20, 101, 118, 119, 196
AvtoVAZ, 183, 277
Azarov, Mykola, 239–40
Azerbaijan, 35n, 343
Azimut International, 88
Baader-Meinhof Group, 10
Babitskiy, Andrey, 257
Bachmann, Peter, 116–17
Baikal Finance Group, 55n
Bakai, Ihor, 239–40
Baltic Bunker Company, 143n
Baltic Shipping Company, 75, 76
Baltik-Eskort, 74, 76, 77, 127–28, 131–32, 235
Balyasnikov, Andrey, 64, 179
Banca del Gottardo, 170, 170n
Bankers War, 167
Bank Menatep, 25, 140
Bank of New York (BNY), 210–11, 220
Bank of St. Petersburg, 133–34
Bank of Ukraine, 239
Bank Rossiya, 3, 31, 55–56, 63–70, 84, 88, 90, 94, 150, 179, 296, 299, 340
Gazprom and, 283
Petersburg Fuel Company (PTK) and, 142, 143
Putin and, 3, 64–70
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