5. Michael Grant, Myths of the Greeks and Romans (New York: Meridian, 1995), p. 72.
6. Ibid.
FURTHER READING
Colum, Padriac. The Trojan War and the Adventures of Odysseus. New York: William Morrow & Co., 1997.
Fagles, Robert, translator. Homer: The Iliad. New York: Penguin Books, 1990.
Fleischman, Paul. Dateline: Troy. Cambridge, Mass.: Candlewick Press, 1996.
Mattern, Joanne. The Odyssey. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1996.
Sutcliff, Rosemary. Black Ships Before Troy: The Story of the Iliad. New York: Delacorte Press, 1993.
Williams, Marcia, illustrator. The Iliad and the Odyssey. Cambridge, Mass.: Candlewick Press, 1998.
INDEX
A
Achaeans, 22
and Patroclus, 28, 34, 36–37
and the Trojan horse, 42, 45
Achilles
argument with Agamemnon, 11, 21–32
characteristics, 31–32, 39
death, 33, 41, 46
ghost, 40, 66–67
role in the Iliad, 23
vs. Hector, 33–39, 45
Achilles heel, 6, 23, 41, 46
Aeneid, 40
Aeolus, 63–64, 67–68, 76
Agamemnon of Mycenae, King
argument with Achilles, 11, 21–32
command, 22
rescue of Helen, 5
Ajax, 27, 41–42, 46, 62, 66
Alcinoüs, King, 50, 78
Amazons, 22
Andromache, 40, 45
Aphrodite, 14–16, 18, 20, 26, 30, 33
Apollo, 11, 24, 28, 39, 41, 44, 46, 81
Archaic Period, 9
Ares, 33
arete (excellence), 23
Artemis, 20, 23, 33
Athena
fighting Aphrodite and Ares, 33
against Hector, 35
helping Telemachus, 77
and judgment of Paris, 14–15, 20
making Ajax insane, 42
on Odysseus’ return home, 71, 78–81, 83
punishment of the Greeks, 50, 53
and the Trojan horse, 43
Athens, 9–10, 62
B
Briseïs, 21, 25–27, 30
C
Calchas, 23–24, 39
Calypso, 69–76
Cassandra, 40, 44, 47, 50, 53
Charybdis, 69, 71, 74, 76
Chryseïs, 24–25, 30
Chryses, 24
Circe, 63–68, 69, 75–76, 78
Classical Period, 9–10, 62
Cyclops, 56–61, 63, 68, 69, 77
D
Dark Age, 8–9
Deiphobus, 35, 45
Diomedes, 32, 33, 42–43
Dorians, 8
E
epic, 5, 8–9, 11–12, 13, 21, 23, 31, 40, 49–50, 54, 85–86
Ethiopians, 22
Eumaeus, 79–81, 83–84
Euripides, 14, 40, 54, 62
Euryclea, 80–82
Eurylochus, 64–65
F
Fates, 11
G
Greece, ancient
archeology, 6–7
language, 7
map, 4
peoples and history, 7–10
political system, 9, 22
religion and culture, 10–11, 19
trade, 7
H
Hector, 11, 14, 22, 26, 28–30, 33–39, 40, 45
Helen
kidnapping by Paris, 5, 13, 16–17, 18
and Menelaus, 45
role in the Trojan War, 14, 17
and the Trojan horse, 44
Hellenistic Age, 10
Hephaestus, 34, 39
Hera, 14–16, 18, 20, 26, 33, 39
Heracles, 42, 46
Hermes, 15–16, 37, 64–65, 67, 71–72
Homer, 5, 8, 10–12, 13–14, 19–20, 21–23, 31, 48, 49–50, 54, 61, 63, 69, 75, 85
hubris (pride), 11, 22
I
Iliad
authorship, 13–14
basic plot, 5
existing sites from, 8
publication, 12
structure, 21
themes, 23, 31, 85
Ilium, 21. See also Troy
Iphigenia, 23
Iris, 37–38, 50
Island of the Sun, 67, 69, 71, 74
Ithaca, 5–6, 50, 54, 59, 66, 72, 78–80, 83, 85
J
Jason and the Argonauts, 69
K
kleos (glory), 23
L
Laertes, 79
Laestrygonians, 64, 67
Laocoön, 44, 47–48
lays, 11
Lotus-Eaters, 50–53, 56–57, 64, 75
Lucian, 14
Lycians, 22
Lycomedes, 32
M
Menelaus of Sparta, King
action against Paris, 13–14, 17, 18
combat with Paris, 26, 30
marriage to Helen, 16, 45
and Telemachus, 80
and the Trojan horse, 43
Minoans, 7–8
moly (antidote), 64
Mycenaeans and Mycenaean Age, 7–9
Myrmidons, 22, 25, 28, 30, 34, 36
N
Neoptolemus, 40, 42–43, 45–46
Nestor, 8, 26–28, 80
Nostoi, 9, 49
nymph, 14, 23, 34, 41, 61, 63, 69, 71–72
O
Odysseus
in Agamemnon’s war with Achilles, 27, 32
anti-Odysseus tradition, 54, 62
characteristics, 49, 62, 75–76
and Charybdis, 69, 71, 74, 76
and Circe, 63–68
claiming Achilles’ armor, 42, 46
and the Cyclops, 56–62
fighting Trojans, 41
and the Lotus-Eaters, 49–54
return home, 77–86
and Scylla, 69–71, 74–75
and the Sirens, 69–70, 74–76
and the Trojan horse, 40, 42–44
Odyssey
authorship, 5, 11–12, 63
basic plot, 5, 49–50, 85
book production, 12
existing sites from, 8
link to folktales, 68, 86
themes, 49–50, 56–57, 68, 85–86
P
Palladium, 42–43, 46–47
Paris
combat with Menelaus, 26, 30
death, 42
the judgment of, 15–20
kidnapping of Helen, 5, 13, 16–17, 18
killing of Achilles, 41, 46
recommendation by Zeus, 14–15, 18
Patroclus, 25, 27–30, 34–39, 41, 46, 66
Peleus, 14, 21, 39
Peloponnesian War, 10, 62
Penelope, 66
characteristics, 85–86
Odysseus homesick for, 50, 70, 72, 75
during return of Odysseus, 77–84
Phaeacians, 50, 76, 78, 83
Philoetius, 81, 84
polis (city-state), 9, 19
Polyphemus (Cyclops), 56–61, 63
Poseidon
and Athena releasing Odysseus, 71
destruction of Odysseus’ ships, 50, 53, 78, 83
father of Cyclops, 59, 60
punishment of the Phaeacians, 78
Priam, 14–15, 22, 24, 35, 37–39, 44–45
R
religion, 10–11
Romans and Roman Empire, 10, 13, 40, 54, 86
S
Sarpedon, 11, 28
Scylla, 69–71, 74–75
Sinon, 43–44, 47–48
Sirens, 69–70, 74–76
Sparta, 5–6, 9–10, 13, 16, 18, 77, 79–80, 83
T
Telemachus, 32, 50, 70
on Odysseus’ return home, 81, 84
in Pylos and Sparta, 77, 79, 83
theomachies, 33–34
Thetis
in Achilles’ battle with Hector, 34–39
making Achilles immortal, 23
&
nbsp; mourning Achilles, 40–42, 46
Tiresias, 66–67
Trojan Cycle, 13
Trojan horse, 6, 40–48, 49
Trojans
in Achilles’ argument with Agamemnon, 22, 26
in Achilles’ battle with Hector, 34–39
discussing the horse, 43–44
Trojan War
cause, 5–7, 11, 14, 17, 18
peoples involved, 22, 31
Trojan Women, 14, 40
Troy
legendary, 13
the real, 6–7, 8, 19, 22
Tyndareus, King, 16
U
Underworld, 23, 40, 66–67
V
Virgil, 40, 54, 75
X
xenia (guest-friendship), 18–19, 61, 68, 77, 79
Z
Zeus
anger toward Achilles, 37–38
domain, 11
on doom of Hector, 29
promise to Thetis, 25–26
recommending Paris as judge, 13–15, 18
release of Odysseus, 72–73, 78
revenge on Odysseus, 71–72, 74
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