Archangelus of Burgonovus (fl. late 16th cent.): Italian Hebraist and cabalist
Archemorus: the infant whose funeral honours are described in Statius, Thebaid, VI
Archimedes (287?–212 B.C.): Greek mathematician
‘Arden’: not identified (but according to Mr Robbins, he may be the early seventeenth-century chiliast Henry Arthington)
Areopagite, the: see Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite
Argus: the hundred-eyed giant ordered to watch Io
Aries: the first sign of the zodiac; also the constellation between Pisces and Taurus
Ariosto, Lodovico (1474–1533): Italian poet
Aristeus (Aristeas): legendary Greek epic poet and historian
Aristides the Just (530?–468? B.C.): Athenian statesman and general
Aristotle (384–322 B.C.): Greek philosopher
Arius (c. 250–c. 336): heresiarch, denied Christ’s divinity
Arrian (fl. 2nd cent.): Greek historian and biographer
Artaxerxes I Longimanus: king of Persia (464–424 B.C.)
Artaxerxes II Mnemon: king of Persia (404–359 B.C.)
Artemidorus (late 2nd/early 3rd cent.): Ephesian author of Oneirocritica, the period’s chief extant work on dream interpretation
Artemisia: wife of Mausolus (q.v.)
Arthur: legendary king of medieval Britain
Asa: king of Judah (see 2 Chronicles 14–16)
Ashurbanipal: king of Assyria (668–629? B.C.)
Asshur: i.e. Assyria, or its major city or principal god; also used of kings (e.g. Shalmaneser)
Assur: see previous entry
Astraea: see p. 434, note 84
Astrampsychus (3rd cent.?): occult writer on dreams: cf. Artemidorus
Athenaeus (late 2nd/early 3rd cent.): Greek scholar
Atlas: the giant obliged to support the earth on his shoulders
Atropos: one of the three Fates who cuts the thread of life
Attalus III Philometor: king of Pergamum (138–133 B.C.)
Aubrey, John (1626–1697): English antiquary
Augustine, St (354–430): Bishop of Hippo in Roman Africa, the greatest theologian of the early Latin Church
Augustine, St, of Canterbury (d. 604/5): missionary to Kent and first Archbishop of Canterbury
Augustus: first Roman emperor (27 B.C.-A.D. 14)
Aulus Gellius (fl. 117?-180?): Latin grammarian
Ausonius (310?–395): Roman poet and rhetorician
Austin: see Augustine
Averroes (Ibn Rushd, 1126–1198): Arabian philosopher
Avicenna (980–1037): Arabian philosopher
Bacchus: the god of wine and revelry
Bacon, Sir Edmund: see p. 321, note 18
Bacon, Sir Francis (1561–1626): philosopher and essayist
Bacon, Nicholas (1623–1666): see p. 319, note 1.
Bado Aureo, Johannes de (fl. late 14th cent.): the obscure author of the oldest British treatise on heraldry
Bajazet I: Ottoman emperor (1389–1403), captured by Timur (Tambur-laine)
Baldwin: the first king of Jerusalem (1100–1118)
Barcephas: see Moses Bar-Cepha
Barnabas: disciple of St Paul and missionary (Acts 4.36)
Baronius, Caesar Cardinal (1538–1607): Italian ecclesiastical historian
Basil the Great, St (c. 330–379): Bishop of Caesarea, Father of the Church
Bauhin, Jean (1541–1613): French physician and botanist
Beaumont, Francis (1584–1616): English dramatist
Becanus, Martinus (1550–1624): Jesuit from Brabant, theologian and exegete
Bede, St (c. 673–735): English scholar, ‘Father of English History’
Bel: i.e. Baal, a great Babylonian deity; the efficacy of its statue is ridiculed in the apocryphal Bel and the Dragon
Belinus: British king (see Geoffrey of Monmouth, III, 1 ff.)
Belisarius (505?–565): general of the Eastern Roman Empire
Bellinus: see Belinus
Bellisarius: see Belisarius
Bellonius (Pierre Belon, 1517–1564): French physician and naturalist
Belus: see Bel
Bembus (Pietro Cardinal Bembo, 1470–1547): Italian historian, poet, scholar
Benedict III: Pope (855–858)
Benjamin: Jacob’s youngest and favourite son (see Genesis 35.18); also the tribe
Berosus (3rd cent. B.C.): Babylonian historian
Besler, Basil (1561–1629): German naturalist
Bethlem Gábor: prince of Transylvania (1613–1629) and king of Hungary (1620–1629)
Bevis: hero of the medieval romance Sir Bevis of Hampton
Bias: one of the seven wise men of ancient Greece (‘I carry everything with me’ – i.e. in the head)
Biringuccio, Vanucci (1480–1539): Italian mathematician and military scientist
Blancanus, Josephus: Italian author of Aristotelis loca mathematica (1615)
Blount, Sir Henry (1602–1682): English traveller and author
Blount, Thomas (1618–1679): English scholar: see below, p. 537
Blunt, Sir Henry: see Blount
Boadicea (d. 62): British queen, revolted against Romans
Bochart, Samuel (1599–1667): French theologian and scholar
Boethius (c. 480 – c. 524): Roman philosopher and statesman
Boorde, Andrew (1490?–1549): English physician and writer
Bosio, Antonio (d. 1629): Italian archaeologist
Bosio, Giacomo (fl. late 16th cent.): Italian historian and scholar
Bovillus (Charles Bouelles, 1470?–1553?): French mathematician and philosopher
Boyle, Robert (1627–1691): English physicist and chemist
Brennus: Brennius, British king, brother of Belinus (q.v.)
Britannicus (41–55): son of Claudius I (q.v.), set aside in favour of Nero
Browne, Edward (1644–1708): Sir Thomas’s eldest son: physician and author; see above, pp. 499 ff.
Bullokar, John (fl. 1622): English lexicographer: see below, p. 537
Burton, Robert (1577–1640): English scholar, author of Anatomy of Melancholy (pseudonym: Democritus Junior)
Burton, William (1575–1645): English antiquary
Cabeus (Niccolo Cabeo, 1585–1650): Italian mathematician and philosopher
Cacus: see p. 406, note 81
Cadamustus (Alvise Cadamosto, 1432–1477): Venetian explorer and writer
Cadmus: legendary founder of Thebes, said to have introduced the art of writing from Phoenicia
Caesar, G. Julius: Roman dictator (49–44 B.C.) and author
Cain: eldest son of Adam and Eve
Cajetan, Tomasso de Vio Cardinal (1470–1534): Italian-Spanish theologian
Caligula: Roman emperor (37–41)
Calvin, John (1509–1564): French Reformer and theologian
Cambyses II: last Median king of Persia (d. 522 B.C.)
Camden, William (1551–1623): English antiquary and historian
Canute II the Great: king of England (1016–1035) and Denmark (1018-1035)
Caracalla: Roman emperor (211–217)
Cardan (Girolamo Cardano, 1501–1576): Italian physician and mathematician
Carew, Richard (1555–1620): English antiquary and translator
Cartaphilus: see p. 257
Casalius, Joannes Baptista (fl. mid 17th cent.): Italian antiquary and writer
Casaubon, Meric (1599–1671): English classical scholar
Cassiodorus (c. 485–c. 580): Roman author and monk
Cassius Longinus (d. 42): Roman tribune, one of Caesar’s assassins
Castellus (Pietro Castelli, d. 1657): Italian physician and botanist
Castor: one of the Dioscuri (‘sons of Zeus’)
Cato the Elder (234–149 B.C.): Roman consul
Cato the Younger (Cato of Utica, 95–46 B.C.): Roman statesman and philosopher
Cebes: see p. 408, note 93
Cestius, Gaius (1st cent. B.C.): Roman praetor and tribune
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Cham: see Ham
Charlemagne: Charles I the Great, king of the Franks (768–814) and emperor of the West (800–814)
Charles II: king of Great Britain (1660–1685)
Charles V: Holy Roman Emperor (1519–1556)
Charles the Great: see Charlemagne
Charles Wayne, the stars of: ‘Certaine Starres winding about the North pole of the world, in fashion like foure wheeles and horses drawing it’ (Bullokar)
Charon: see p. 301, note 23
Charybdis: the mythical whirlpool off the coast of Sicily (see Odyssey, XII)
Cheops: king of Egypt (c. 2900–2877 B.C.)
Chifflet, Jean Jacques (1588–1660): French medical and political writer
Childeric I: king of the Salian Franks (458?–481)
Chimaera: in Greek mythology, a fire-breathing female monster
Chiron: the wisest of the Centaurs, teacher of Achilles and Hercules
Christian IV: king of Denmark and Norway (1588–1648)
Christopher, St (3rd cent.): the patron of wayfarers
Chrysippus of Soli (c. 280–207 B.C.): Stoic philosopher
Chrysostom: see John Chrysostom
Chus: see Cush
Chymera: see Chimaera
Cicero (106–43 B.C.): Roman orator, philosopher and statesman
Cimon (507–449 B.C.): Athenian statesman and general
Claudian (d. c. 395): Latin poet
Claudius I: Roman emperor (9 B.C.-A.D. 54)
Clemens: see next entry
Clement of Alexandria, St (c. 150-c. 215): theologian
Cleobulus (fl. 560 B.C.): Greek lyric poet, one of the Seven Sages
Cleopatra: queen of Egypt (51–49 and 48–30 B.C.)
Clusius, Carolus (1526–1609): Dutch physician and botanist
Cockeram, Henry (fl. 1650): English lexicographer: see below, p. 537
Codrus: last king of Athens, said to have reigned c. 1068 B.C.
Colonna, Fabio (1567?–1650): Italian naturalist
Columbus, Christopher (1446?–1506): Italian explorer
Columbus, Realdus (d. 1577?): Italian anatomist
Columna: see Colonna
Commodus: Roman emperor (180–192)
Constans I: Roman emperor (337–350)
Constantine the Great: Roman emperor (306–337)
Copernicus, Nicolas (1473–1543): Polish astronomer, his heliocentric theory not confirmed much before the end of the 17th century; see p. 160, note 139
Cornelius Sylla: see Sulla
Costa, Christophorus a: see Acosta
Covarrubias y Orozco, Sebastián de (fl. early 17th cent.): Spanish scholar
Craesus: see Croesus
Crassus, Lucius Licinius (140–91 B.C.): Roman orator and statesman
Croesus (6th cent. B.C.): king of Lydia, celebrated for his wealth
Crucius (Alsario della Croce, fl. early 17th cent.): Italian physician and writer
Cupid (Eros): the god of love, son of Venus
Curtius: see Quintus Curtius
Curtius, Benedictus (Benoît Court, fl. 1533–1560): French jurist and writer on agriculture (Horti, 1560)
Curtius, Marcus (d. 362 B.C.): Roman knight, self-sacrificed for Rome (Livy, VII, 6)
Cush (Kush): the eldest son of Ham (see Genesis 10.6)
Cuthbert (d. 758): Archbishop of Canterbury
Cuthred: king of the West Saxons (740–754)
Cynthia: see p. 281, note 29
Cypraeus, Joannes Adolphus (16th cent.): German ecclesiastical historian
Cyprian, St (d. 258): Bishop of Carthage, pastoral theologian
Cyril, St (376–444): Bishop of Alexandria, Father of the Church
Cyrus the Elder: see next entry
Cyrus the Great: king of Persia (500–529 B.C.), founder of the Persian Empire
Cyrus the Younger (424?–401 B.C.): Persian prince and satrap, conspired against his brother Artaxerxes II (q.v.) with help of mercenaries under Xenophon (q.v.)
Damocles: courtier under Dionysius the Elder (q.v.) who sat him under a suspended sword to demonstrate the perils of a ruler’s life
Damon and Pythias: ‘loved each other so well, as that one offered to suffer death for the other’ (Cockeram)
Dan: the son of Jacob by Bilhah, Rachel’s maid (see Genesis 30.6); also the tribe – ‘an adder’ (Gen. 49.17) which, omitted from the list of tribes (Rev. 7.4–8), was expected to yield the Antichrist from its ranks
Daniel: ‘prophet’, protagonist of the homonymous Biblical book
Dante (1265–1321): Italian poet
Darius III Codomannus: king of Persia (336–330 B.C.)
David: the second king of Israel, accepted as author of Psalms
Dee, John (1527–1608): English mathematician and astrologer
Deiphobus: Trojan prince, Helen’s husband after Paris’s death (see Aeneid, VI, 495 ff.)
de Laet Jean (1593–1649): Flemish geographer and naturalist
della Porta, Giovanni Battista (1538?–1615): Italian natural philosopher (Villa, 1592)
Demetrius: the silversmith of Ephesus (see Acts 19.23 ff.)
Demetrius I Poliorcetes: king of Macedon (294–283 B.C.)
Democritus (late 5th/early 4th cent. B.C.): the Greek ‘laughing philosopher’, proverbially a mocker of human follies
Demosthenes (c. 385–322 B.C.): Athenian statesman, the greatest of Greek orators
Deucalion: the only survivor, with his wife Pyrrha, of the flood sent by Jupiter
Diana: Olympian goddess of hunting and virginity; also her great temple at Ephesus
Didymus (c. 65 B.C.-A.D. 10): Alexandrian scholar and commentator on Homer
Digby, Sir Kenelm (1603–1665): English author and diplomat
Dio Cassius: see Dion Cassius
Diocletian: Roman emperor (284–305)
Diodorus Siculus (late 1st cent. B.C.): Greek historian
Diogenes (412?–323 B.C.): Greek Cynic philosopher
Diogenes Laertius (2nd cent.): Greek author of Lives of the Philosophers
Diomedes: son of Tydeus, leader of Argos and Tiryns in the Trojan War
Dion Cassius (c.155–c.235): Greek historian.
Dionysius the Elder: tyrant of Syracuse (405–367 B.C.)
Dionysius the Younger: tyrant of Syracuse (367–356 and 347–344 B.C.)
Dionysius the Pseudo-Areopagite (c. 500): mystical theologian, often confused with St Paul’s convert in Athens (Acts 17.34)
Dionysus: see previous entries
Dioscorides (4th cent. B.C.): Greek historian and moralist
Dioscorides Pedanius (fl. 1st cent. B.C.): Greek medical writer
Domitian: Roman emperor (81–96)
Doria, Andrea (1468?–1560): Genoese admiral and statesman
Dorset, Thomas Marquess of: see p. 295, note 82
Du Bellay, Joachim (1522?–1560): French poet and critic
Dugdale, Sir William (1605–1686): English antiquary and historian
Du Loir (fl. 1639–1654): French traveller and writer
Duns Scotus, Johannes (c. 1264–1308): medieval philosopher, ‘Doctor of Subtlety’
Ecclesiastes: see Solomon
Elagabalus: see Heliogabalus
Eliah: see Elijah
Elias: see next entry
Elijah (9th cent. B.C.): Hebrew prophet, ‘translated’ into heaven (2 Kings 2.1–18) and so a type of the Resurrection
Elizium: see Elysium
Elyot, Sir Thomas (1490?–1546): English scholar: see below, p. 538
Elysium: abode of the blessed after death
Emanuel I the Great: king of Portugal (1495–1521)
Enoch: Hebrew patriarch, ‘translated’ into heaven (Genesis 5.24) and so a type of the Resurrection
Epaminondas (c. 418–362 B.C.): Theban statesman and general
Ephraim: the youngest son of Jacob (q.v.)
Epictetus (c. 60 – post 118): Greek Stoic philosopher
Epicurus (342?-270 B.C.): Greek philosophe
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Epimenides (7th cent. B.C.): Cretan philosopher and poet-prophet, quoted by St Paul (Titus 1.12)
Epiphanius, St (c. 315–403): Bishop of Salamis, militant defender of orthodoxy
Erasmus, Desiderius (1467–1536): Dutch scholar and humanist
Esarhaddon: king of Assyria and Babylonia (681–669 B.C.), father of Ashurbanipal (q.v.)
Esdras: title of two books of the Septuagint (four of the Vulgate) in the Apocrypha; cf. Ezra
Esther: the Jewish wife of ‘Ahasuerus’ (q.v.); also the homonymous Biblical book
Euphorbus: the Trojan killed by Menelaus (see Iliad, XVII, 9 ff.)
Euripides (c. 480–406 B.C.): the last of the three greatest Attic tragedians
Eusebius (c. 260–340): Bishop of Caesarea, ‘Father of Church History’
Eustathius: Bishop of Thessalonica (1175-c. 1192), commentator on Homer
Eve: according to tradition, the first woman
Evelyn, John (1620–1706): English diarist
Ezekiel (early 6th cent.? B.C.): Hebrew prophet; also the homonymous Biblical book
Ezra (5th/4th cent.? B.C.): Jewish reformer; also the homonymous Biblical book (cf. Esdras)
Favorinus (2nd cent.): Greek philosopher
Ferdinand II: German emperor (1619–1637)
Fernel, Jean (1497–15 5 8): French physician, author of De abditis rerum causis (1548): see p. 77, note 85
Ferrarius, Omnibonus: German author of De arte medica infantium (1605)
Ficino, Marsilio (1433–1499): Florentine Neoplatonist and humanist
Fletcher, John (1579–1625): English dramatist
Fourcroy, A.F.: see p. 295, note 79
Francis I: king of France (1515–1547)
Frontinus, Sextus Julius (40?–104): praetor urbanus of Rome, soldier and author
Frotho the Great: legendary Danish king, probably the same as Unguinus (q.v.)
Fuchs(ius), Leonhard (1501–1566): German physician and botanist
Gad: a son of Jacob (see Genesis 30.9 ff.); also the tribe
Gaffarel, Jacques (1601–1681): French Hebraist and astrologer
Gaguinus: see Guagninus
Galba: Roman emperor (68–69)
Galen (fl. 2nd cent.): Greek physician and writer: see p. 77, note 85
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642): the great Italian astronomer
Gallienus: Roman emperor (253–268)
Gamaliel: Jewish rabbi, teacher of St Paul in his pre-Christian days (Acts 5.34, 22.3)
Garcias ab Horto: see Orta
Gargantua: see Rabelais
Gassendus (Pierre Gassend, 1592–165 5): French philospher, mathematician, and physician
Gauricus, Lucas (1476–1558): Italian mathematician and astrologer
The Major Works (English Library) Page 46