Orion: the hunter beloved of Diana; also the constellation near Taurus
Orpheus: legendary pre-Homeric poet, founder of the mystic cult Orphism
Orta, Garcia de (fl. mid 16th cent.): Portuguese naturalist
Ortelius, Abraham (1527–1598): Flemish cartographer and antiquary
Orus: see Horus
Osiris: the Egyptian god of the lower world (see Isis, Horus)
Osman II: Ottoman emperor (1618–1622)
Osorius (Jeronimo Osorio da Fonseca, 1506–1580): Portuguese bishop and historian
Ostorius Scapula, P.: Roman governor in Britain (47–51)
Osyris: see Osiris
Ovid (43 B.C.-c. A.D. 17): Roman poet
Palaephatus (4th cent. B.C.): Greek grammarian who rationalised Greek mythology
Palamedes: Greek warrior at the siege of Troy, said to have added several letters to the alphabet
Pantagruel: see Rabelais
Paracelsus (Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, 1493–1541): Swiss physician and chemist
Paré (Pareus), Ambrose (1510–1590): French surgeon
Pareus, Johann (1576–1648): German theologian and philologist
Paris: the Trojan prince who kidnapped Helen of Sparta causing the Trojan War
Patrick, St (c. 389–c. 461): the ‘Apostle of the Irish’
Patroclus: friend of Achilles (q.v.), killed by Hector of Troy
Paul, St (d. c. A.D. 65): the ‘Apostle of the Gentiles’
Paul V: Pope (1605–1621)
Paulinus: see Suetonius Paulinus
Paulo, Padre: see Sarpi
Paulus Aegineta (fl. ante 700): Greek medical writer
Pausanias (2nd cent.): Greek traveller and geographer
Peiresc, Nicolas de (1580–1637): French scholar and naturalist
Penelope: the faithful wife of Ulysses (q.v.)
Penthesilea: daughter of Mars and the queen of the Amazons
Pereskius: see Peiresc
Periander (625–585 B.C.): Greek statesman, one of the Seven Wise Men
Perithous: son of Ixion king of the Lapiths
Perseus: the son of Jupiter and Danaë, slayer of Medusa
Persius (34–62): Roman satiric poet
Perucci, Francesco: Italian author of Pompe funebri (1639)
Peter, St: the Prince of the Apostles
Peter Lombard (c. 1100–1160): author of the standard textbook of medieval theology, the ‘Sentences’
Peter Martyr (Pietro Martire Vermigli, 1500–1562): Italian Reformer
Petrarch (Francesco Petrarca, 1304–1374): Italian poet and humanist
Petronius (d. c. 66): Roman satirist
Pettus, Sir John: see p. 389 (headnote)
Phaëton: struck down by Jupiter on borrowing the chariot of his father Sol (q.v.)
Phalaris: tyrant of Agrigento (570–554 B.C.); also the canary grass
Pharamond: the legendary first king of France
Phavorinus: see Favorinus
Philes, Manuel (1275?–1345): Byzantine poet
Philip: one of the seven ‘deacons’ chosen as missionaries (see Acts 6.3 ff., 8.26 ff.)
Philip II: king of Macedon (359–336 B.C.)
Philip II: king of Spain (1556–1598)
Philo (c. 20 B.C.–c. A.D. 50): Jewish thinker and exegete
Philopoemen (253–183 B.C.): Greek commander
Philoxenus (5th/6th cent.): Syriac writer
Phocas: Byzantine emperor (602–610)
Phocylides (fl. c. 560 B.C.): Greek philosopher and poet
Phoebus: see Apollo
Photius (c. 810–895): Patriarch of Constantinople
Pico della Mirandola, Giovanni (1463–1494): Florentine scholar and mystic
Picotus (Pichotus), Petrus: French author of De rheumatismo (1577)
Pictiolus (Antonio Piccioli): Italian writer on chiromancy (1587)
Pierius: see Valerianus
Pilate, Pontius: Roman procurator (governor) of Judaea (26–36)
Pineda, Juan de (1558–1637): Spanish theologian and Biblical exegete
Pittacus of Mytilene (d. 570 B.C.): warrior and sage
Plato (427–347 B.C.): the foremost Greek philosopher
Plautus (254?–184 B.C.): Roman writer of comedies
Plempius, Vopiscus Fortunatus (1601–1671): Dutch medical writer
Plethon, Gemistus: see Gemistus Plethon
Pliny (23–79): Roman scholar, author of the uncritical encyclopedia Natural History
Plutarch (c. 46–c. 120): Greek biographer and philosopher
Pluto: the ruler of the infernal regions
Polonus, Martinus: see Martinus
Polydorus: see Vergil, P.
Polyphemus: the one-eyed Cyclops who imprisoned Ulysses and his companions (see Odyssey, IX, 105 ff.)
Pompey the Great (106–48 B.C.): Roman general and statesman
Pomponius Mela: see Mela
Poppaea (d. 65?): wife of Nero (q.v.)
Porphyry (c. 232–303): Neoplatonist philosopher
Porta: see della Porta
Porus (d. 321 B.C.): king of India
Posthumius: see next entry
Postumus: Gallic emperor (258–267)
Prasutagus (d. 61): king of the Iceni, husband of Boadicea (q.v.)
Prateolus (Gabriel Du Préau, 1511–1588): French theologian and translator
Prester John (i.e. ‘Presbyter’ John): legendary medieval Christian king of Asia (or ‘Abyssinia’, commonly confused with India)
Primerose, James (d. 1659): Scottish physician, author of De vulgi erroribus in medicinae (1639, trans. 1651)
Priscian (5th cent.): Latin grammarian
Procrustes: a mythical robber who mutilated his captives
Propertius (fl. c. 30–15 B.C.): Roman poet
Proteus: the sea god capable of changing his appearance at will
Psellus, Michael (c. 1019–c. 1078): Byzantine philosopher and historian
Ptolemy (2nd cent.): Alexandrian astronomer and geographer
Ptolemy II: king of Egypt (283–246 B.C.), commissioned the Septuagint for Alexandria’s library
Ptolemy VI Philometor: king of Egypt (181–145 B.C.)
Ptolomy: see previous entries
Purchas, Samuel (1575?–1616): English author and collector of travel literature
Pythagoras (6th cent. B.C.): Greek philosopher and mathematician
Pythias: see Damon
Quintilian (1st cent.): Roman rhetorician and critic
Quintus Curtius (2nd cent.): Roman historian
Rabelais, François (1494?–1553): French satirist, author of Gargantua et Pantagruel
Radamanth: see Rhadamanth
Ralegh, Sir Walter (1552?–1618): English explorer, historian, poet, courtier
Ramusius (Giovanni Battista Ramusio, 1485–1557): Venetian diplomat and collector of travel literature
Rapha: the monstrous warrior described in 1 Chronicles 20.6
Raphael of Urbino (1483–1520): Italian painter and architect
Regiomontanus (Johann Müller of Königsberg, 1436–1476): see p. 78, note 90
Regulus, Marcus Atilius (d. 250 B.C.): Roman consul and general
Remus: twin brother of Romulus the founder of Rome
Reuben: Jacob’s eldest son (see Genesis 29); also the tribe
Rhadamanth: a judge of the dead in Hades
Rhodiginus, Ludovicus (1450?–1525): Italian scholar
Ringo: i.e. Hringrs Ingildsson, king of Sweden (cf. Harald)
Rollo (860?-931?): Norse chieftain, 1st Duke of Normandy
Romulus: the legendary founder of Rome; also, a Roman consul put to death by want of sleep
Rondelet(ius), Guillaume (1507–1566): French naturalist, professor of anatomy at Montpellier
Rudolph II: German emperor (1576–1612)
Salmanasser: see Shalmaneser
Salmasius, Claudius (1588–1653): French scholar
Salmoneus: see p. 449 note 9
Samaria:
the capital of Northern Israel (to 722 B.C.)
Samson: the last of the great ‘judges’ (see Judges 13 ff.)
Sandys, George (1578–c. 1644): English poet and traveller
Sardanapalus (c. 822 B.C.): ruler of Assyria
Sarpi, Paolo (1552–1623): Venetian historian and theologian
Saturn (Cronos): the god of agriculture; also the planet
Saul: the first king of Israel
Saxo Grammaticus (1150?–1220?): Danish historian
Scaevola, G. Mucius: legendary Roman hero (6th cent. B.C.), ‘saved his life by the patient tolleration of the burning of his hand’ (Cockeram; see Livy, II, 12)
Scaliger, Joseph Justus (1540–1609): the great French scholar
Scaliger, Julius Caesar (1484–1558): Italian philosopher and scholar, father of the former
Scevola: see Scaevola
Scipio Major (237–183 B.C.): Roman general, defeated Hannibal in 202 B.C.
Scipio Mercurii: see Mercurii
Scribonius Largus: see Largus
Sedechias: see Zedekiah
Semiramis: legendary queen of Assyria
Sempronius: see Giggei
Seneca (c. 4 B.C.-A.D. 65): Roman statesman, philosopher and playwright
Seneca the Elder (54? B.C.–A.D. 39): Roman rhetorician, father of the former
Sennacherib: king of Assyria and Babylonia (705–681 B.C.), father of Esarhaddon (q.v.)
Septimius Severus: see Severus, Lucius Septimius
Serapis: a god of the lower world
Servius (4th cent.): Roman grammarian and commentator on Virgil
Seth: the third son of Adam
Severus, Lucius Septimius: Roman emperor (193–211)
Severus Alexander: see Alexander Severus
Shalmaneser V: king of Assyria (727–722 B.C.), besieged Samaria (q.v.)
Sibyl: any inspired prophetess
Sidney, Sir Philip (1554–1586): English courtier, poet and Critic
Sidonius Apollinaris, St (c. 432 – c. 480): Bishop of Clermont, poet and letter-writer
Simonides (557?–467 B.C.): Greek lyric poet
Siren: any of the sea nymphs who lured sailors to their death by singing (see Odyssey, XII, 165 ff.)
Sisyphus: condemned to roll a stone uphill, only to have it roll back
Smith, John, the Cambridge Platonist (1618–1652): philosopher
Smyrnaeus: see Metrophanes
Socrates (470?–399 B.C.): Athenian philosopher and teacher
Sol (Helios): the sun god
Solinus, G. Julius (early 3rd cent.): Latin grammarian and encyclopedic author
Solomon: the third king of Israel, accepted as the author of Ecclesiastes, Proverbs, and Wisdom of Solomon
Solon (638?–558? B.C.): Athenian lawgiver
Solyman: see Suleiman
Somnus: i.e. Sleep
Starkatterus: i.e. Starkaòr the Old, a popular legendary figure
Statius (45?-96): Roman epic poet
Stentor: the herald of the loud voice (see Iliad, V, 785)
Stowe, John (1525–1605): English chronicler and antiquary
Strabo (c. 63 B.C.-c. A.D. 24): Greek geographer
Strebaeus (Jacques-Louis Strébée, fl. mid 16th cent.): French classical scholar
Suarez, Francisco de (1548–1617): Spanish Jesuit theologian, author of Disputationes metapbysicae (1597); see p. 77, note 85
Sueno: see Sweyn Forkbeard
Suetonius (2nd cent.): Roman biographer and historian
Suetonius Paulinus, C.: Roman governor in Britain (59–61)
Suleiman ‘the Magnificent’: Ottoman emperor (1520–1566)
Sulla, Lucius Cornelius (138–78 B.C.): Roman general and dictator
Sweyn Forkbeard: king of Denmark (985?–1014) and conqueror of England
Sybilla: see Sibyl
Sydenham, Humphrey (1591–1650?): English divine and author
Sylla: see Sulla
Tacitus, Cornelius (52?–post 117): Roman orator, politician, historian
Tantalus: son of Jupiter; his punishment: eternal hunger and thirst
Tarquinius Priscus: the fifth king of Rome (617–578 B.C.)
Tartaret, Pierre (late 15th cent.): see p. 88, note 140
Tartarus: see Hades
Taurus: the northern constellation containing the Pleiades
Taylor, Jeremy (1613–1667): Anglican bishop and writer
Tellus: the Roman goddess of the earth
Tenison, Thomas: Archbishop of Canterbury (1694)
Tertullian (c. 160–c. 220): theologian, Father of the Latin Church
Tetricus: Gallic emperor (268–273), successor of Victorinus (q.v.)
Thales of Miletus (c. 640–546 B.C.): Greek philosopher and scientist
Themistocles (527?–460? B.C.): Athenian statesman and commander of the fleet at Salamis 480)
Theocritus (3rd cent. B.C.): Greek pastoral poet
Theodoret (c. 393–c. 458): Bishop of Cyrrhus, prolific exegete, historian, etc.
Theodoric: king of the Ostrogoths (475–526) and the Romans (493–526)
Theophrastus (d. c. 287 B.C.): Greek philosopher and naturalist
Thersites: the deformed and abusive Greek soldier (see Iliad, II, 212 ff.)
Theseus: the chief mythical hero of pre-classical Attica
Theudas: the leader of an unsuccessful Jewish insurrection (see Acts 5.36)
Thucydides (471?–400? B.C.): the greatest historian of antiquity
Tiberius: second emperor of Rome (14–37)
Tibullus, Albius (54?-18? B.C.): Roman elegiac poet
Timon (late 5th cent. B.C.): Athenian misanthrope
Tiresias: the blind Theban soothsayer
Tirinus, Jacobus (1580–1636): Flemish Jesuit ecclesiastical writer
Titius: see Tityus
Titus: Roman emperor (79–81)
Tityus: the giant punished by having vultures eat his liver
Trajan: Roman emperor (98–117)
Tremellius, Joannes Immanuel (1510–1580): Italian Hebrew scholar
Tricassus (Patricio Tricasso, 1480?–1550?): Italian chiromancer and physiognomist
Trismegistus: see Hermes Trismegistus
Tully: see Cicero
Twinus, J.: see next entry
Twyne, John (1501?–1581): English antiquary and author
Tycho: the god of chance (tyche)
Tzetzes, Joannes (12th cent.): Byzantine poet and grammarian
Ulfkell Snilling: leader of the East Anglian forces against Sweyn (q.v.) in 1004
Ulmus: see Olmo
Ulysses (Odysseus): the Greek warrior in The Iliad, and protagonist of The Odyssey
Unguinus: i.e. Yngvi, Swedish king, contemporary with Frotho (q.v.)
Upton, Nicholas (1400?–1457): English writer on heraldry and the art of war
Urban VIII: Pope (1623–1644)
Urbin: see Raphael
Valens: Eastern Roman emperor (364–378)
Valerianus (Piero Valeriano, 1477–1558): Italian scholar (Hieroglyphica, 1556 ff., etc.)
Valla, Lorenzo (c. 1406–1457): Italian scholar and humanist
van der Linden, Johannes: see Linden
Varro, Marcus Terentius (116–27 B.C.): Roman scholar
Vasthi (Vashti): wife of ‘Ahasuerus’ (see Esther 1.9 ff.)
Vegetius Renatus (fl. 385): Roman military writer
Venus (Aphrodite): Olympian goddess of love, beauty, etc.; also the planet
Vergil, Polydore (1470?–1555?): Italian historian of England
Vespasian: Roman emperor (69–79)
Victorinus: Gallic emperor (267–268), successor of Postumus (q.v.)
Victorius, Angelus: Italian author of Medicae Consultationes (1640)
Vigenère, Blaise de (1523–1596): French scholar
Virgil (70–19 B.C.): the greatest Roman poet
Virgil, Polydore: see Vergil
Virgilius, St (c. 700–784): Bishop of Salzburg and scholar; see p. 94, note 167
Volupia: the Roman goddess of sensual pleasure
Vulcan (Hephaestus): Olympian god of fire
Wayne, Charles: see Charles Wayne
William I (1027–1087): Norman duke, conqueror of England
Wormius, Olaus (1588–1654): Danish physician and scholar
Woverus (Johann von Wovern, 1574–1612): Dutch-German philologist
Xenophon (c. 434–c. 355 B.C.): Greek historian and essayist
Xiphilinus, Joannes: Patriarch of Constantinople (1064–1075)
Zedekiah: king of Judah (see 2 Kings 24.17, Jeremiah 34.5 ff.)
Zeno of Citium (335–263 B.C.): founder of Stoicism
Zerubbabel: prince of Judah, restored God’s worship (see Ezra 2.2., 3.2)
Zeus: see Jupiter
Zoilus: see p. 436, note 9
Zoroaster (fl. prob. 6th cent. B.C.): founder of Zoroastrianism, the religion of the ancient Persian peoples
Zorobabel: see Zerubbabel
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CONTENTS
Abbreviations
A Bibliographical Note
Background Studies
The Prose of the English Renaissance: General Studies
Studies of Browne:
General Studies
On Religio Medici
On Pseudodoxia Epidemica
On Hydriotaphia and The Garden of Cyrus
On A Letter to a Friend, Christian Morals, the letters, and the minor works
On Browne’s reputation and influence
Addenda
ABBREVIATIONS
Biblical quotations are from AV unless otherwise indicated. Places of publication are given only if other than London or New York.
AV: The King James (‘Authorised’) Verison of the Bible (1611)
BHM: Bulletin of the History of Medicine
Blount: Thomas Blount, Glossographia: or a Dictionary (1656)
Browne add.: Browne’s marginal note, added in a later edition
Browne marg.: Browne’s marginal note to the text
Browne suppl.: Browne’s supplementary note to Hydriotaphia or The Garden of Cyrus (from the list appended to most copies of a reprint of the 1st edition later in 1658). The abbreviation concerns notes never reprinted; for those that were, see ‘Browne add.’
BTB: Sir Geoffrey Keynes, A Bibliography of Sir Thomas Browne, 2nd rev. ed. (Oxford, 1968).
Bullokar: John Bullokar, An English Expositor:… The Interpretation of the Hardest Words (1616)
CJ: Cambridge Journal
Cockeram: Henry Cockeram, The English Dictionarie (1623)
Coleridge: Coleridge on the Seventeenth Century, ed. Roberta F. Brinkley (Durham, N.C., 1955), pp. 438–62
The Major Works (English Library) Page 48