by David Nasaw
30. PAH-EP, June 7, 1868, June 10,1868, PAHp.
31. PAH-EP, January 8, 1869, PAHp.
32. PAH-EP, November 13, 1870, PAHp.
33. Older, 22–23.
34. PAH-EP, May 22, 1871, PAHp.
35. PAH-GH, August 16, 1873, PAHp.
36. GH-PAH, January 10, January 31, 1874; PAH-GH, April 20, 1874, PAHp.
37. PAH-EP, December 10, 1873, PAHp.
38. GH-PAH, February 26, 1874, PAHp.
39. PAH-GH, April 20, 1874, PAHp.
40. PAH-GH, August 3, December 3, 1873, PAHp; John Winkler, William Randolph Hearst: A New Appraisal (New York: Hastings House, 1955), 4.
41. Werner Muensterberger, Collecting: An Unruly Passion (Princeton: Princeton U.P., 1994), 27.
2. To Europe Again and on to Harvard
1. Rodman Paul, The Far West and the Great Plains in Transition: 1859–1900 (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 270–71; GHauto.
2. August 11, 1879, Barry.
3. WRH, ITN, in Edmond Coblentz, ed., William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952), 20.
4. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 1, WRH82.
5. GH-WRH, November 4,1879, PAHp.
6. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 1,WRH82.
7. WRH-PAH, September 19,1879, box 1, WRH82.
8. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 1,WRH82.
9. WRH-PAH, September 21,1879, box 1, WRH82.
10. WRH, ITN, in Coblentz, 20–21.
11. WRH-PAH, September 27,1879, PAHp.
12. Letters in author’s possession, collected by George S. Grove, Executive Director, Alumni Association of St. Paul’s School.
13. See photographs, c. 1884, labeled Morse’s Palace of Art, San Francisco, in California Historical Society.
14. WRH, ITN, May 27,1940.
15. PAH diary, January 18, 19, 1882, PAHp.
16. Annual Reports of the President and Treasurer of Harvard College, 1883–84, 53; Harvard University Catalogue, 1881–82, 64–72; Faculty Records, Vol. III, 1880–84, September 27,1882,196, HUA.
17. John Dizikes, Opera in America (New Haven: Yale U.P., 1993), 327.
18. Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 46.
19. Samuel Eliot Morison, Three Centuries of Harvard, 1636–1936 (Cambridge: Harvard U.P., 1936), 419; Older, 48.
20. Annual Reports, 1882–3,10–11, HUA; Harvard University Catalogue, 1882–83, 5864, HUA.
21. Flint interview, WAS; WRH-PAH, n.d. [1883], box 1, WRH82; WRH-GH, April 19,1883, box 1, WRH82.
22. WRH-PAH, n.d. [from Harvard, possibly 1884], box 1, WRH82.
23. WRH-PAH, n.d. [1883], box 1, WRH82; WRH-PAH, n.d. [erroneously labeled “from Harvard, possibly 1884”], box 1, WRH82.
24. “Harvard letter,” November 29, 1882, box 1, WRHp; Hugh Hawkins, Between Harvard and America: The Educational Leadership of Charles W Eliot (New York: Oxford U.P., 1972), 111; WRH-GH, December 30,1882, box 1, WRH82.
25. George Santayana, Character and Opinion in the United States (New York: George Braziller, 1955), 33.
26. WRH-GH, December 30,1882, box 1, WRH82.
27. WRH-PAH,n.d. [Harvard, 1885],box 1, WRH82.
28. R. L. Duffus, The American Renaissance (New York: Knopf, 1928), 17–36.
29. WRH-PAH,n.d. [Harvard, 1885],box 1, WRH82.
30. George Santayana, “The Lampoon from 1883 to 1886,” in Reminiscences and a List of Editors of the Harvard Lampoon, 1876–1901 (Cambridge, 1901), reprinted in George Santayana’s America, ed. James Ballowe (Urbana: University of Illinois, 1967), 42–43; George Santayana, Persons and Places: The Background of My Life (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1944), 198–99.
31. WRH-PAH, n.d. [Harvard, 1885], box 2, WRH82.
32. On Porcellian, see Dixon Wecter, The Saga of American Society: A Record of Social Aspiration, 1607–1937 (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1937), 276–78; Jack Follansbee-GH, February 14,1884, PAHp; Med. Facs., general, HUA.
33. WRH-PAH, April 27,1884; n.d. [Harvard, 1883?], box 1, WRH82.
34. WRH-PAH, n.d. [Harvard, 1885], box 2, WRH82.
35. Santayana, Persons and Places, 198.
36. Flint interview, WAS.
37. Jack Follensbee-PAH, January 14, May 10,1884, PAHp.
38. OP-PAH, n.d., Orrin Peck Papers, California Historical Society, in Judith Robinson, The Hearsts (New York: Avon, 1992), 191.
39. 1871 usage, cited in Dictionary of American English III (1976), 1580.
40. WRH-PAH, n.d. [marked 1883 from Harvard],box 1, WRH82.
41. Faculty Records, Vol. III, 1880–1884, 379, HUA; WRH-PAH, n.d. [marked Harvard, 1885], box 1, WRH82.
42. WRH-PAH, n.d. [from Harvard, possibly 1884], box 1, WRH82.
43. WRH-PAH,n.d. [Harvard, 1885],box 1, WRH82.
44. WRH-PAH, n.d. [May-the don’t know], box 1, WRH82.
45. PAH-WRH, May 5,1884, PAHp.
46. WRH-PAH, April 27,1884, box 1, WRH82.
3. “Something Where I Could Make a Name”
1. WRH-GH, December 30,1882, box 1, WRH82; WRH-PAH, n.d., box 1, WRH82; WRH-PAH [Harvard, 1885], box 1, WRH82.
2. GH-PAH, September 16,1882, PAHp.
3. James Creelman, “The Real Mr. Hearst,” Pearson ’s, September 1906, 256–57.
4. WRH-PAH, n.d. [Cambridge, May—the don’t know], box 1, WRH82.
5. WRH-PAH, n.d. [1884, from Harvard],box 1, WRH82.
6. WRH-PAH, n.d. [1884], PAHp.
7. WRH-PAH, n.d. [fall, 1884], PAHp.
8. WRH-PAH, n.d. [November, 1884], box 1, WRH82.
9. WRH, 6th sophomore theme, box l, WRHp.
10. WRH, ITN, June 13, 1940; Older, 54, 61; William A. Swanberg, Citizen Hearst (New York: Scribner’s, 1961), 33.
11. Eliot correspondence, 662; “William Randolph Hearst,” course listings, HUA.
12. WRH-PAH, n.d. [fall, 1883, from Harvard], box 1, WRH82.
13. PAH-WRH, November 10,1884, PAHp.
14. PAH-WRH, November 15, 1884, PAHp.
15. WRH-PAH, n.d. [fall, 1883],box 2, WRH82.
16. GH-PAH, September 21,1884, PAHp.
17. WRH-PAH, n.d. [November, 1884], box 1, WRH82.
18. PAH-GH, January 4,1885, PAHp.
19. WRH-GH, January 4,1885, PAHp.
20. WRH-GH, January 29,1885, PAHp.
21. “Minutes,” faculty meeting, February 3, 1885, HUA. The playbill for the Hasty Pudding Club production is found in the Harvard University Theater Collection, Pusey Library.
22. Wheeler-WRH, March 15, 1885, box 1, WRHp.
23. “Minutes,” faculty meeting, March 31, 1885, HUA.
24. PAH-WRH, April 11,1885, PAHp.
25. PAH-Janet Peck, April 15, 1885, Peck.
26. WRH-PAH, April 29,1885, PAHp.
27. Handwritten transcript marked “W. R. Hearst,” in Eliot correspondence, 662, HUA.
28. J. Rathbone-WRH, August 23,1885, box 1, WRHp.
29. WRH-PAH, October 4,1885, box 2, WRH82.
30. PAH-WRH, October 4, 1885, box 2, WRH82.
31. O. Huntington-GH, November 11,1885; J. Oliver-PAH, October 21,1885, PAHp.
32. PAH-GH, October 22,1885, PAHp.
33. PAH-GH, October 28,1885, PAHp.
34. PAH-GH, November 12,1885, PAHp.
35. WRH-GH, November 23,1885, box 2, WRH82.
36. Julian Rammelkamp, Pulitzer’s Post-Dispatch, 1878-1883 (Princeton: Princeton U.P., 1967), 284–98.
37. George Juergens, Joseph Pulitzer and the New York World (Princeton: Princeton U.P., 1966), 348–49; Don C. Seitz, Joseph Pulitzer: His Life & Letters (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1924), 153–54.
38. Juergens, 331, 339.
39. William A. Swanberg, Pulitzer (New York: Scribner’s, 1967), 125.
40. WRH, ITN, June 13, 1940.
41. WRH-GH, n.d. [1885], box 2, WRH82.
42. WRH-GH, January 26, 1886, PAHp.
43. J. P. Oliver-GH, February 6, 1886, PAHp.
44. See receipts and playbills in box 1, W
RHp.
45. Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 56,58.
46. “Minutes,” faculty meeting, May 4, 1886, HUA; WRH-PAH, n.d. [1885, from Boston], PAHp.
47. WRH-PAH, July 25, 1886, box 2, WRH82.
48. PAH-OP, December 22, 1886, Peck.
49. On Babicora, see EC-John Bramhall, n.d., PAHp; WRH-PAH, n.d., in Judith Robinson, The Hearsts (New York: Avon, 1992), 202–3.
50. WRH-PAH, September 28,30, 1886, box 2, WRH82.
51. WRH-PAH, n.d. [Mexico-1886?], box 2, WRH82; Gray Brechin, “Imperial San Francisco: The Environmental Impact of Urban Elites upon the Pacific Basin” (Ph.D. diss., University of California at Berkeley, 1998), 327.
52. Ramón Ruiz, Triumphs and Tragedy: A History of the Mexican People (New York: W. W. Norton, 1993), 277–78; T. R. Fehrenbach, Fire and Blood: A History of Mexico (New York: Macmillan, 1973), 460–64.
53. WRH-PAH, n.d. [Mexico-1886?], box 2, WRH82.
54. PAH-OP, December 22, 1886, Peck.
55. WRH-GH, n.d. [marked 1887?], box 2, WRH82.
56. PAH-Mrs. Peck, n.d., Peck.
57. PAH-GH, cited in Robinson, 204–6.
58. WRH-PAH, n.d., WRH82; WRH-GH, in Older, 68–69.
4. At the Examiner
1. Journalist, March 17, 1894, 2.
2. William Randolph Hearst, Jr., with Jack Casserly, The Hearsts: Father and Son (Niwot, Col.: Roberts Rinehart, 1991), 13.
3. Florence Finch Kelly, Flowing Stream (New York: Dutton, 1939), 239.
4. John Winkler, William Randolph Hearst: A New Appraisal (New York: Avon, 1955), 63–64; Journalist, February 11, 1888. On Winkler’s relationship with Bill Hearst, Jr., see John Winkler-WRH, Jr., January 28, 1952, incoming box 9, EDCp.
5. PAH-OP, December 22, 1886, Peck.
6. Swinnerton interview, Flint interview, WAS.
7. Gray Brechin, “Imperial San Francisco: The Environmental Impact of Urban Elites upon the Pacific Basin” (Ph.D. diss., University of California at Berkeley, 1998), 249–56.
8. Works Project Administration of Northern California [hereafter abbreviated as WPA], “History of San Francisco Journalism,” vol. 4 (l94o), 32; WRH, “Pacific Coast Journalism,” Overland Monthly; April, 1888, 403.
9. Journalist, February 19, 1887, 7.
10. Journalist, March 12, 1887,7; March 19, 1887, 4.
11. WRH-GH, n.d. [l888?], box 2, WRH82; Leonard Dinnerstein, Anti-Semitism in America (New York: Oxford U.P., 1994), 35, 42.
12. WRH-GH, n.d., box 2, WRH82.
13. WRH-GH,n.d. [1887?],box2, WRH82.
14. WRH-Edward Townsend, n.d., box 1, WRHp.
15. WRH-GH, n.d. [SF, 1889?],box 2, WRH82.
16. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 2, WRH82.
17. WRH-GH, n.d. [1885?], box 2, WRH82.
18. Ambrose Bierce, The Collected Works of Ambrose Bierce (1912: republished 1966, New York: Gordian Press), vol. 12,5; Journalist, April 9,1887,5.
19. Winifred Black, “Rambles Through My Memories,” chapter 4, Good Housekeeping, February 1936, 2l7.
20. Black, 214.
21. WRH-GH, n.d. [March, 1887], March 19,1887, box 1, WRHp; WRH-E. Townsend, March 25, March 27, April 7,1887, box 1, WRHp.
22. SFE, May 23,1887,1.
23. Journalist, June 11,1887, 4; October 15,1887, 4.
24. WRH-GH, n.d. [1885], box 2, WRH82.
25. Journalist, April 2,1887, 4; WRH-GH, n.d. [1885?], box 2, WRH82.
26. SFE, April 3, 1887, l.
27. WRH, Overland Monthly; 404; Journalist, December 29,1888, 2.
28. WRH, Overland Monthly, 403.
29. WRH-Townsend, n.d., box 1, WRHp.
30. Arthur McEwen, Arthur McEwen's Letter, March 30, 1895, 2; SFE, April 24, 1887, 12; June 12, 1887, 9
31. WPA, History of San Francisco Journalism, vol. 4, 32.
32. John D. Stevens, Sensationalism and the New York Press (New York: Columbia U. P., 1991), 43-
33. SFE, May 19, May 20, 1887, l.
34. SFE, July 21, 23, 27, August 2, 4,1887.
35. SFE, October 30, 1887, 4.
36. Michael Robertson, Stephen Crane, Journalism, and the Making of Modern American Literature (New York: Columbia U. P., 1997), 57–58.
37. SFE, May 29,1887, 9.
38. SFE, March 4, 1888, 4.
39. SFE, March 17, 1888, 4; March 20, 189l, 6; Roger Daniels, The Politics of Prejudice (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 16–17; SFE, March 7, 1890, 4; March l, 1888, l.
40. Ben Procter, William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years, 1863-1910 (New York: Oxford U. P., 1998), 53–54.
41. SFE, March 24, 1892, l.
42. WRH-GH, n.d. [1888], box 2, WRH82; WPA, vol. 4, chart 3.
43. WPA, vol. 4,109,111.
44. A. J. Liebling, “The Man Who Changed the Rules,” New Yorker, September 8,1951.
45. GHauto, 35–36.
5. “I Can’t Do San Francisco Alone”
1. WRH-GH,n.d. [l889?], box2, WRH82.
2. WRH-GH, n.d. [1889], box 2, WRH82.
3. OP-PAH, March 24, 1888, PAHp.
4. PAH-GH, July 21,1888, PAHp.
5. PAH-GH, August 7, 1888, PAHp.
6. PAH-GH, August ll, 1888, PAHp.
7. Alexandra Marie Nickliss, “Phoebe Apperson Hearst: The Most Powerful Woman in California” (Ph.D. diss., U. C. Davis, 1994), 98–140.
8. Judith Robinson, The Hearsts (New York: Avon, 1992), 223–28.
9. WRH-PAH, January, 1889, box 2, WRH82.
10. WRH-PAH, n.d., PAHp.
11. PAH-GH, August 17, September 28, October 16, 1889, PAHp.
12. WRH-PAH, n.d. [Hoffman House], PAHp.
13. NYT, March 17, 189l, l.
14. IS-GH, March 22, 1890, PAHp.
15. OP-PAH, April 29, 189l, PAHp.
16. WRH-PAH, July 28, 189l, PAHp; Don C. Seitz, Joseph Pulitzer: His Life & Letters (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1924), 183–84.
17. PAH-Mrs. Hester Holden, September 7, 1892, in Robinson, 24l.
18. WRH-PAH, n.d. 1893?], box 2, WRH82.
19. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 2, WRH82.
20. WRH-PAH, n.d. [November, 1894], box 2, WRH82.
21. Flint interview, WAS; EC-PAH, July 20, 1895, PAHp.
6. Hearst in New York: “Staging a Spectacle”
1. EC-PAH, July 20, August l, 1895, PAHp.
2. PAH-OP, September 29, 1895, PAHp.
3. NYT, October 2l, 1895, 5; Isaac Marcosson, Anaconda (New York: Dodd, Mead, 1957), 90–92.
4. Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism, third edition (New York: Macmillan, 1962), 529; Fourth Estate, September 5, October 3, 1895.
5. IS-PAH, September 18, 22, 1895, PAHp.
6. IS-PAH, September 29, 1895, PAHp.
7. IS-PAH, October 8, 1895, PAHp.
8. Mott, 4l8–29.
9. Fourth Estate, October lo, 1895, l.
10. Winifred Black, “Rambles Through My Memories,” chapter 4, Good Housekeeping, February 1936, 2l8.
11. Walt McDougall, This Is the Life! (New York: Knopf, 1926), 253.
12. Fourth Estate, December 26, 1895, 3.
13. Arthur Lubow, The Reporter Who Would Be King: A Biography of Richard Harding Davis (New York: Scribner’s, 1992), 130.
14. Don Seitz, Joseph Pulitzer (New York: Rinehart, 1958), 7l-72; Mott, 524–25.
15. Seitz, 212–13; James Wyman Barrett, Joseph Pulitzer and His World (New York: Vanguard, 194l), ^2–73.
16. Fourth Estate, February 13, 1896, l.
17. Wheeler.
18. Seitz, 2l6-17; Moses Koenigsberg, King News (Freeport: Books for Libraries, 194l), 324.
19. TT, April 2, 1896, 12–13; April 16, 1896, lo.
20. Fourth Estate, October 17, 1895, l.
21. NYJ, January ll, February 12, April 24, 1896.
22. NYJ, February 26, November 1, 1896.
23. Ian Gordon, Comic Strips and Consumer Culture, 1890–1945 (Washington: Smithsonian, 1998), 24–33.
24. Stephen Becker
, Comic Art in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1959), 14–15.
25. Peter Conolly-Smith, “Reading the Funnies: Yellow Journalism, Comic Strips and the Immigrant Connection,” in author’s possession; R. F. Outcault’s The Yellow Kid (Northhampton, Mass.: Kitchen Sink Press, 1995).
26. Koenigsberg, 448–52; “Image,” SFE, March 17, 1987; Smithsonian Collection of Newspaper Comics, ed. Bill Blackbeard and Martin Williams (Washington: Smithsonian and Harry Abrams, 1977).
27. Koenigsberg, 384, 452; Blackbeard and Williams, 80–81.
28. Richard A. Schwarzlose, The Nation’s Newsbrokers, vol. 2 (Evanston: Northwestern U.P., 1990), 176–78.
29. Oliver Carlson, Brisbane: A Candid Biography (New York: Stackpole Sons, 1937), 18; David Gray, “The Early Arthur Brisbane,” typescript ms., box 2,18–19, ABp; John T. Hettrick, oh-CU.
30. Samuel Crowther, “A Talk with Arthur Brisbane,” typescript ms., box 2, 16, ABp.
31. “My dear old man,” letter, n.d., 1896 folder, World; “Memorandum from Joseph Pulitzer,” May 28,1897; “Memorandum,” n.d. [March-April, 1896]; JP-Seitz, August 25, December 3,1897, box 1, JPp.
32. JP-Norris, December 7, 8,1897, box 2, JPp.
33. Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 201–2.
34. WRH, ITN, June 3,1940.
35. Willis Abbott, Watching the World Go By (Boston: Little, Brown, 1933), 145–46.
36. The Girl from Paris, clipping and programme files; The Telephone Girl, clipping file, BRTC.
37. Flint, 2nd interview, WAS; Henry H. Klein, My Last Fifty Years (New York: n.p., 1935), 14.
38. Adela Rogers St. Johns, The Honeycomb (Garden City: Doubleday, 1969), 131–32.
39. Flint, 2nd interview, WAS; Flint interview, WAS; Frederick Palmer, “Hearst and Hearstism,” part 1, Collier's, September 22, 1906, n.p.
40. Journalist, August 14,1897,133; October 9,1897,197.
41. James Ford, Forty-Odd Years in the Literary Shop (New York: Dutton, 1921), 25960.
42. Upton Sinclair, The Industrial Republic (New York: Doubleday, Page, 1907), 203.
43. Congressional Record, 54th Congress, 2nd sess., January 8,1897, 592–93.
44. World's Work, October 1922.
45. Abbott, 181–82.