by David Nasaw
12. Party Leader
1. WRH-PAH, n.d. [1906, but marked 1905?], box 1, WRH87.
2. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 2, WRH87.
3. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 1, WRH87.
4. PAH-OP, January 14,1907, Peck; NYT, November 16,1906,1.
5. Herbert Mitgang, The Man Who Rode the Tiger (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1963), 93–94.
6. MH-PAH, October 29,1907, PAHp.
7. NYT, November 6, 1907.
8. WRH-PAH, n.d. [New York American stationery], box 1, WRH87.
9. William Randolph Hearst, Jr., with Jack Casserly, The Hearsts: Father and Son (Niwot, Col.: Roberts Rinehart, 1991), 49; WRH-PAH, n.d., box 1, WRH87; Ben Procter, William Randolph Hearst: The Early Years, 1863-1910 (New York: Oxford U.P., 1998), 241.
10. Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 336–37; WRH, Jr., 26–28; Sara Holmes Boutelle, Julia Morgan, Architect (New York: Abbeville, 1988), 171–73, 217.
11. Judith Robinson, The Hearsts (New York: Avon, 1992), 333–34; Boutelle, 217.
12. WRH-PAH, November 10,16th, 1908, box 1, WRH87.
13. WRH-PAH, April 28,1915, in Robinson, 352.
14. WRH-PAH, n.d., in Robinson, 353.
15. WRH, Jr., 64.
16. WRH-PAH, n.d. [April 1908], box 1, WRH87; WRH, Jr., 17.
17. MH-PAH, 1908 [on Cunard RMS Lusitania], PAHp.
18. NYDT, July 28, 1908, 2; NYA, July 27, 28, l.
19. U.S. Congress. Senate, Campaign Contributions: Testimony before a Subcommittee of the Committee on Privileges and Elections, vol. II, 62nd Congress, Third Session, 1912–13, 137l-1465.
20. NYT, NYDT, September 19, 1908.
21. NYDT, September 21, 1908, 1; September 22, 1908, 6; Josephus Daniels, Editor in Politics (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1941), 543–47.
22. Michael McGerr, The Decline of Popular Politics (New York: Oxford U.P., 1986), 185.
23. NYA, November 3,1908.
24. WRH-PAH, November 16,1908, box 1, WRH87.
25. Mortimer Smith, William Jay Gaynor (Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1951), 66–72.
26. The Life of William R. Hearst, 43–46, Collection of Tammaniana, Kilroe.
27. NYDT, November 3, 1909, 1, December 15, 1909, 1; NYT, December 15, 1909, 1–2; MH-PAH, assorted letters from 1910–11, PAHp.
28. Older, 358–59.
29. WRH-PAH, March 14,1910, box 1, WRH87.
30. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 1,WRH87.
31. NYDT, October 21, 1910, 3.
32. James Allen Myatt, “William Randolph Hearst and the Progressive Era, 19001912” (Ph.D. diss., University of Florida, 1960), 108,140–43.
33. NYDT, November 9, 1910, 5.
13. Hearst at Fifty: Some Calm Before the Storms
1. Cordell Hull, Memoirs of Cordell Hull, vol. 1 (New York: Macmillan, 1948), 67; James Allen Myatt, “William Randolph Hearst and the Progressive Era, 19001912” (Ph.D. diss., University of Florida, 1960), 148–49.
2. CDT, August 6, 1912, in Papers of Woodrow Wilson, vol. 25, ed. Arthur Link (Princeton: Princeton U.P., 1977), 299.
3. SFE, April 14, 1913.
4. William Kent-Joseph P. Tumulty, August 12,1913, case file 95A, series 4, WWp.
5. Henry Lane Wilson-Pedro Lascurain, July 6, 1912, July 17, 1912, September 30, 1912; J. C. Hayes-Marion Letcher, October 5,1912, Letcher-WJB, October 11,1912, case file 3885, series 6, WHTp; SFE, November 13, 1913.
6. Parker H. Sercombe-WJB, August 11,1913, case file 95a, series 4, WWp.
7. NYEJ, April 28,1914; Isaac Russell, “Hearst-Made War News,” Harper’s Weekly; July 25,1914, 76–78; Russell-Tumulty, July 30,1914, case file 399, series 4, WWp; NYA, June 11, 1914, 1.
8. OP-Janet Peck, n.d., box 1, Peck Family.
9. Irene Castle, as told to Bob and Wanda Duncan, Castles in the Air (Garden City: Doubleday, 1958), 89.
10. Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 345; NYT, July 26,1913.
11. Andrew Alpern, Historic Manhattan Apartment Houses (New York: Dover, 1996), 31–32.
12. William Randolph Hearst, Jr., with Jack Casserly, The Hearsts: Father and Son (Niwot, Col.: Roberts Rinehart, 1991), 24–25.
13. NYT, March 25,1914, 8; July 11,1914, 5.
14. Wesley Towner, The Elegant Auctioneers (New York: Hill & Wang, 1970), 182–83.
15. OP-Janet Peck, September 29,1914, box 1, Peck Family; Wheeler.
16. George M. Payne to William H. Taft, July 18, August 8, October 8, 1907, series 3, WHTp; the Hearst News Service is listed in the 1909 Boyd ’s Directory of D.C. (R. Polk and Co., 1909), 660; Ian Gordon, Comic Strips and Consumer Culture (Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian, 1998), 37; Moses Koenigsberg, King News (Freeport: Books for Libraries, 1941), 404–5.
17. Terry Ramsaye, A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture Through 1925 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1926), 654–61; Earl Theisen, “Story of the Newsreel,” International Photographer, September 1933, 24; Raymond Fielding, The American Newsreel 1911–1967 (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1972), 70–85.
18. Motography, March 7,1914, 23; MPW, March 14,1914,1351.
19. Gene Fernett, American Film Studios: An Historical Encyclopedia (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1988), 254–68.
20. John Winkler, William Randolph Hearst: A New Appraisal (New York: Hastings House, 1955), 268–70; New York Dramatic Mirror, April 15,1914,31.
21. Raymond Stedman, The Serials, 2nd ed. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1977), 16; New York Dramatic Mirror, April 1,1914, April 8,1914.
22. Craig Campbell, Reel America and World War I: A Comprehensive Filmography and History of Motion Pictures in the United States, 1914–1920 (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1985), 37; Stedman, 18.
23. Donald Crofton, Before Mickey: The Animated Film 1898–1928 (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982), 98–111,178–184; Joe Adamson, “Animation Studio Auteur: Gregory La Cava and William Randolph Hearst,” Griffithiana, September 1996,73–105.
14. “A War of Kings”
1. WRH, September 10, 1914, in Selections, 570.
2. Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 369; NYT, September 28,1914, 4.
3. Roger Daniels, The Politics of Prejudice (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), 70–71.
4. WRH, SFE, February 2,1915, in Ian Mugridge, The View from Xanadu (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s U.P., 1995), 112.
5. A. J. P. Taylor, The First World War (New York: Perigree, 1980), 22.
6. Walter LaFeber, The American Age (New York: Norton, 1989), 270–71; Akira Iriye, The Globalizing of America, 1913–1945 (New York: Cambridge U.P., 1993), 21–25.
7. Nat Ferber, I Found Out (New York: Dial, 1939), 63.
8. Older, 362–63; Shari Benstock, No Gifts from Chance: A Biography of Edith Wharton (New York: Scribner’s, 1994), 326.
9. Cited in Edmond D. Coblentz, ed., William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952), 83–84.
10. Brewing, 1433; Craig Campbell, Reel America and World War I (Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland, 1985), 32.
11. Translated transcript of letter from Fuehr to Herr Doctor Schumacher, Berlin, October 15, 1915, case file 9140–4561, record group 165, MID.
12. Ralph Martin, Cissy: The Extraordinary Life of Eleanor Medill Patterson (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 136–37.
13. “Memorandum for Mr. Hoover,” June 18,1920, case file 2290, record group 65, BI; EH-A. F. Beach, December 18,1915, case file 9140–4561, record group 165, MID; Brewing, 1590, 1951–60; NYA, October 8, 1916.
14. Count von Bernstorff, My Three Years in America (New York: Scribner’s, 1920), 336.
15. Bradford Merrill-Lee S. Overman, December 14,1918, Brewing, 1910.
16. John Womack, in Mexico Since Independence, ed. Leslie Bethel (Cambridge: Cambridge U.P., 1991), 157–66; NYT, December 25,1915, 3; January 11,1916, 9,11; WRH-TVR, January 2,1916, carton I, WRHp.
17
. NYA, March 10,1916; Film and Propaganda in America: A Documentary History. vol. 1, World War I, ed. Richard Wood (New York: Greenwood, 1990), 94–102.
18. “Old German” case file 2290, Mex. case file 877, record group 65, BI.
19. TR-WRH, April 15,1916, series 4A, TRp.
20. WRH-TR, April 17,1916, series 1, TRp.
21. TR-WRH, May 13,1916, Series 2, vol. 104, p. 253; WRH-TR, May 17,1916, May 26, 1916, Series 1, TRp.
22. WRH-JAM, July 1,1916, box 1, JAMp.
23. Flint interview, January 18,1960, WAS.
24. OP-Janet Peck, n.d. [summer, 1910], Peck.
25. WRH-PAH, August 30,1917, box 2, WRH87.
26. WRH-PAH, n.d., box 2, WRH87.
27. WRH-PAH, December 2,1915, in Judith Robinson, The Hearsts (New York: Avon, 1992), 354.
28. WRH-Randolph Hearst or [Elbert] Willson Hearst, November 30,1916, in Robinson, 354.
29. WRH, Jr., oh-SS, 30–31; Ethel Whitmire-PAH, October 2 [1914?], in Robinson, 349.
30. WRH, Jr., oh-SS, 30–31.
31. Lewis Erenberg, Steppin’ Out: New York Nightlife and the Transformation of American Culture, 1890–1930 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981), 215, 219.
32. Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 8; Erenberg, 222–24.
33. Laurence Bergreen, As Thousands Cheer: The Life of Irving Berlin (New York: Viking, 1990), 130–31.
34. Fred Lawrence Guiles, Marion Davies (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 45.
35. Davies, 9–10.
36. Anita Loos, Kiss Hollywood Good-by (New York: Viking, 1974), 142.
37. NYA, February 7, 13, May 4, 1916.
38. WRH-JAM, November 17, 1917, box 1, JAMp; WRH-H. Robert [editor of San Francisco Examiner], January 15, 1915, carton 1, WRHp.
39. P. G. Wodehouse and Guy Bolton, Bring On the Girls (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953), 65–72.
40. WRH-JAM, December 17,1916, October 5,1916, JAMp.
41. WRH-DWG, October 21,1916, DWGp.
42. Davies, 18.
43. SFE, December 21,1916; NYA, January 12,1917.
44. WRH-Carvalho, February 25,16,1917, Brewing, 1608,1610.
45. Van Hamm-WRH, February 26,1917, in Brewing, 1609.
15. “Hearst, Hylan, the Hohenzollerns, and the Habsburgs”
1. Case file 10497–253, record group 165, MID; “Old German” case file 26588, record group 65, BI; Case file PF 15962, record group 165, MID; Case file 2290, record group 65, BI.
2. J. A. Berst-WW, June 8,1917, case file 4020, series 4; Frank Polk-WW, June 12, 1917, case file 4020, series 4, WWp.
3. William Redfield-WW, June 1, 1917; WW-J. A. Berst, June 4, 1917, Frank Polk-WW, June 12,1917, case file 4020, series 4, WWp.
4. J. A. Berst-WW, June 8,1917; WW-J. A. Berst, August 11,1917, case file 4020, series 4, WWp.
5. MacFarland-WW, August 23,1917, case file 4020, series 4, WWp.
6. Lansing-MacFarland, October 4,1917, case file 4020, series 4, WWp.
7. MacFarland-WW, September 21,1917, case file 4020, series 4; Tumulty-WW, November 8,1917, WW-Tumulty, n.d., case file 399, series 4, WWp.
8. Memorandum for Colonel Marten, October 7,1918, case file 3528, record group 165, MID.
9. NYA, June 16, November 2,1917; NYT, March 5, August 25,1917.
10. NYT, October 2,1917,1; October 3,1917,1; October 31,1917,12; November 3,1917,1, 6.
11. Bradford Merrill-Lee S. Overman, December 14,1918, in Brewing, 1914–15; NYTr, October 4, 5, 6,1917; “Old German” case file 117993, record group 65, BI.
12. Brewing, 1978, 2452; case file 9140–4561, record group 165, MID; on interviews with Hearst’s neighbors, see report from Frank Stone, October 17, 1917, and W. H. Vander Pool, November 3,1917, record group 165, MID.
13. Churchill-Bielaski, July 27, 1918, case file 9140–4561, item 33, record group 165, MID.
14. Moses Koenigsberg, King News (Freeport: Books for Libraries, 1941), 427–29.
15. WRH-JAM, January 2,3,1918, JAMp.
16. WRH-MD [marked Bernard Douras-Marion Douras], May 15, box 7, WRH, Jr.91.
17. TT, June 3,1918,13.
18. Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 10–15; WRH-JAM, August 31,1918, JAMp.
19. Peter J. D. Conolly-Smith, “The Translated Community: New York City’s German-Language Press as an Agent of Cultural Resistance and Integration, 19101918” (Ph.D. diss., Yale University, 1996), 191,524–25.
20. WRH, May 31,1918, in Selections, 587–90.
21. Case file 9140–4561, item 72, record group 165, MID.
22. Kenneth Macgowan, Coiled in the Flag: Hears-s-s-s-t, reprinted from the New York Tribune of Sunday April 28, Sunday May 5, Sunday May 12, Sunday May 19, Sunday May 26, and Sunday June 2,1918.
23. NYTr, July 1, 2,17, 22,31,1918.
24. John R. Dunlap-WW, January 10,1918, case file 350, Series 4, WWp; NYTr, July 3, 1918; Herbert Mitgang, The Man Who Rode the Tiger (Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1963), 151; NYTr, July 24,1918.
25. Garrett-Gregory, October 7,1918, case file 9140–4561, item 72, record group 165, MID.
26. WRH, December 13, 1918, in Selections, 599–600.
27. WRH, January 26,1920, in Selections, 607–8.
28. NYT, May 24,1919; WRH, May 24,1919, in Selections, 602–3.
29. WRH-HH Tammen, March 29,1919, incoming box 3, EDCp.
30. WRH, NYA, August 2, 1919.
31. Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 415; SFE, November 21,1919.
32. NYT, January 10, 7; January 15, 4, January 24, 7, January 29,1919,12; Robert W. Owens-Mayor Hylan, n.d., PF 47918, record group 165, MID.
33. NYTr, December 13, 1919, 9; “Hearst and His Enemies,” compiled for The Committee of Relatives of American Soldiers, Sailors and Marines of Greater New York by Edward T. O’Loughlin ([New York], 1919).
34. Nat Ferber, I Found Out (New York: Dial, 1939), 81–82.
35. NYT, March 26, 1919, 4.
36. WRH, December 20,1919, in Selections, 108–9.
37. Peter Filene, Americans and the Soviet Experiment, 1917–1933 (Cambridge: Harvard U.P., 1967), 39–46; Gerald MacFarland, BA, December 26, 1918, in folder marked PF 15962, record group 165, MID.
38. Chief of Staff, G-2, American Expeditionary Forces to MID, Washington, June 8, 1919, item 10058–383, record group 165, MID.
39. NYA, October 27, 31, November 1, 2, 1920.
16. Building a Studio
1. Judith Robinson, The Hearsts (New York: Avon, 1992), 376–77.
2. Wheeler, 49.
3. PAH-WRH, February 27,1919, in Wheeler, 47.
4. Robinson, 378–80.
5. William Randolph Hearst, Jr., with Jack Casserly, The Hearsts: Father and Son (Niwot, Col.: Roberts Rinehart, 1991), 22; Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 529.
6. NYT, April 14, 17, 1919.
7. Last Will and Testament of Phoebe A. Hearst, HSSSHM; NYT, November 18, 1919, 3.
8. WRH-Ihmsen, February 7,1919, DWGp.
9. MPW, March 22, June 18, 1919.
10. MPW, August 9, 23, 1919.
11. WRH-JAM, April 26,1919, JAMp.
12. WRH-LeBaron, June 21,1919, JAMp.
13. Peter Bogdanovich, Allan Dwan, The Last Pioneer (New York: Praeger, 1971), 49.
14. Frances Marion, Off with Their Heads! (New York: Macmillan, 1972), 70–71.
15. WRH-JAM, September 5,1919, JAMp.
16. JAM-WRH, September 13,1919, JAMp.
17. AZ-WRH, August 9,1919, AZp.
18. WRH-Zittel, August 14,1919, AZp.
19. WRH-AZ, December 17,1920, AZp.
20. Randolph Carter and Robert Reed Cole, Joseph Urban: Architecture, Theatre, Opera, Film (New York: Abbeville Press, 1992); John Dizikes, Opera in America: A Cultural History (New Haven: Yale U.P., 1993), 364–68.
21. Contract between Joseph Urban and International Film Service Co., Inc., dated Februa
ry 19, 1920, JUp.
22. Notes from Gretl’s autobiography, box 45, JUp.
23. WRH-JAM, June 23,1920, JAMp.
24. Notes from Gretl’s autobiography, box 45; Mary’s diary, Mary Urban box, JUp.
25. Notes from Gretl’s autobiography, box 45, JUp.
17. Builder and Collector
1. Steilberg, 57, JM-oh; Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 528–29.
2. Sara Holmes Boutelle, Julia Morgan, Architect (New York: Abbeville, 1988), 7.
3. Boutelle, 249–58.
4. Steilberg, 57–58, JM-oh.
5. WRH-JM, August 11,1919; WRH-JM, n.d. [marked 1919, c. September 12 or a few days earlier], JMp.
6. William Randolph Hearst, Jr., with Jack Casserly, The Hearsts: Father and Son (Niwot, Col.: Roberts Rinehart, 1991), 67.
7. JM-WRH, September 13,1919; WRH-JM, September 20,1919; WRH-Bogart, September 21, 1919; WRH-JM, September 21, 1919, JMp.
8. JAM-WRH, September 13, 1919; Henry Bicknell-WRH, October 23, 1919, JAMp.
9. WRH-JM, October 25, 1919, JMp.
10. JM-WRH, November 7, October 18, 1919, JMp.
11. Boutelle, 178–79.
12. JM-WRH, April 6,1920; May 19,1920, JMp.
13. WRH-JM, June 2,1921, JMp.
14. Thomas A. Aidala, Hearst Castle (New York: Harrison House, 1981), 101–2; Boutelle, 181–82.
15. WRH-JM, December 31, 1919, JMp; Kevin Starr, Americans and the California Dream: 1850–1915 (New York: Oxford U.P., 1973), 401–410; Robert Pavlik, “Something a Little Different,” California History, Winter 1992/3, 470–72.
16. Starr, 413–14.
17. WRH-JM, December 19,1919; WRH-Fairchild, February 20,1920, JMp.
18. WRH-JM, January 19,1921; JM-WRH, February 4,1921; WRH-JM, February 10, 1921, JMp.
19. JM-WRH, May 19,1920; WRH-JM, May 23,1920, JMp.
20. Jean Strouse, Morgan (New York: Random House, 1999), 381, 384; WRH-AH, June 2,1926; JW-Gallandt, January 9,1920, BW.
21. WRH-KVW, March 27,1921, BW.
22. KVW-WRH, October 21, November 14,1921, BW.