by David Nasaw
13. U.S. Congress. Senate. Special Committee to Investigate Propaganda Or Money Alleged To Have Been Used By Foreign Governments To Influence United States Senators, Alleged Payments by the Mexican Government to United States Senators: Hearings, 70th Cong., 1st sess., testimony by Hearst, Coblentz, Clark, Avila, and Page, December 15, 16, 17, 1927, Part One; December 27,1927 and January 4 and 7, 1928, Part Three.
14. SAL, November 14, 1927, 1.
15. BA, November 15-December 9, 1927.
16. NYHT, December 16, 1927.
17. NYT, December 20, 1927.
18. NYA, December 20, 1927.
19. U.S. Congress. Senate. Special Committee, Alleged Payments, Part Three, 219220; NYA, NYT, NYDT, January 12,1928.
20. NYHT, January 12, 1928.
21. Field report from Headquarters 8th Corps Area, Fort Sam Houston, Texas, March 10, 1928, item 2064–521–1, record group 165, MID.
22. WRH-C. S. Stanton, July 7, 1929, carton 9, WRHp.
23. WRH-EDC, December 2, 1929, incoming box 3, EDCp.
24. Silas Bent, “What Explains Hearst,” Outlook, January 1928, 86.
25. Ayer and Sons, American Newspaper Annual & Directory, 1925,1928.
26. WRH-AB, January 18, 29, April 12, 13, 14, 1928, box 6, ABp.
27. A. J. Liebling, The Press (New York: Pantheon, 1975), 450. These articles appeared in March 1933.
28. WRH-TVR, May 6, 1928, box 4, TVRp.
29. NYA, “March of Events” section, September 23,1928; September 1, 15,1929.
30. Dan H. Laurence, Bernard Shaw: A Bibliography, vol. II (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1983).
31. GBS-WRH, March 11, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
32. WRH-GBS, March 17, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
33. GBS-WRH, March 28, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
34. WRH-GBS, March 30, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
35. WRH-AB, January 20, 1925, box 6, ABp.
36. WRH-W. E. Miller, June 2, 1926, carton 1, WRHp.
37. WRH-Young, November 23, 1926, carton 1, WRHp.
38. WRH-SC and Executive Council, September 27, 1927, carton 3, WRHp.
39. WRH-all Hearst evening newspapers, September 30, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
40. LAE, September 14, 1928.
41. JW-publishers, January 17, 1930, carton 10a, WRHp.
42. Town-WRH, June 13,1929; WRH-Town, June 16, 1929, carton 9, WRHp; Circulation figures from Ayer and Sons, American Newspapers Annual and Directory, 1920, 1928.
43. WRH-Long, August 23, 1929, carton 9, WRHp.
44. WRH-Long, August 24, 1929, carton 9, WRHp.
45. IT-WRH, June 24, 1926, carton 4, WRHp.
46. Gloria Swanson, Swanson on Swanson (New York: Random House, 1980), 182; WRH-Mayer, July 14, 1927, carton 3, WRHp.
47. IT-WRH, July 15, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
48. LBM-WRH, September 28,1927; WRH-LBM, September 28, 1927, carton 3, WRHp.
49. WRH-Koenigsberg, February 9,1927; WRH-Publishers, September 19, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
50. EH-WRH, July 19,1927; WRH-EH, December 30, 1927, carton 2, WRHp.
51. EH-WRH, June 27,1927; WRH-EH, August 23, 1927, carton 2, WRHp.
52. WRH-EH, July 23, 1927, September 19, 1927, carton 2, WRHp.
53. WRH-EH, October 17, 1927, carton 4, WRHp.
54. Mannix; King Vidor, A Tree Is a Tree: An Autobiography (Hollywood: Samuel French, 1953), 159.
55. Vidor, 159; Charles Higham, Merchant of Dreams (New York: Dell, 1993), 125–26.
56. Fred Lawrence Guiles, Marion Davies (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 108–9.
57. Boardman, oh-SS, 3–4.
58. Vidor, 165–71.
59. Mannix.
25. A New Crusade: Europe
1. WRH-MH, September 13, 1926, box 1, WRH, Jr.91.
2. Ronald Brownstein, The Power and the Glitter (New York: Vintage, 1992), 31; WRH-EDC, August 12, 1927, carton 5, WRHp.
3. John Winkler, William Randolph Hearst: A New Appraisal (New York: Avon, 1955), 262.
4. WRH-AB, June 29, July 4, 1928, box 6, ABp.
5. WRH-FK, July 13, 1928, carton 6, WRHp.
6. WRH-publishers, July 10, 1928, box 6, ABp; NYT, October 6, 1928, 2.
7. NYT, July 21, 1928, 29; JW-CMG, July 19, 1928, BW.
8. Fred Lawrence Guiles, Marion Davies (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 214.
9. Alice Head, It Could Never Have Happened (London: Heinemann, 1939), 114; Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 115.
10. Davies, 116.
11. Davies, 118, 116.
12. Head 117–18; I have slightly changed Head’s punctuation.
13. Davies, 118.
14. Arnold Wolfers, Britain and France Between Two Wars (New York: Norton, 1966), 76–84; G. M. Gathorne-Hardy, A Short History of International Affairs: 1920–1939 (London: Oxford U.P., 1942), 173–76.
15. Head, 87.
16. Head, 118–24; Clive Aslet, The Last Country Houses (New Haven: Yale U.P., 1982), 207–10. I thank John Horn, the historian at the Hearst San Simeon State Historical Monument, for the information on the final disposition of the Bradenstoke Priory.
17. NYT, October 6, 1928.
18. AB-WRH, September 13, 1929, carton 10, WRHp.
19. WRH-publishers, December 29, 1929, in Selections, 197–98.
20. WRH-John A. Kennedy, January 28, 1930, carton 11, WRHp.
21. Joan Hoff Wilson, Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive (Boston: Little, Brown, 1975), 195–96; Diary of Henry Stimson, December 11, 1930, 214–15, Stimson.
22. Head, 139–44; Cora Older, William Randolph Hearst, American (New York: Appleton-Century, 1936), 505–6.
23. Edmond D. Coblentz, William Randolph Hearst, A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952), 96.
24. Davies, 121–22; WRH, September 2, 1930, in Selections, 264.
25. Coblentz, 99; NYT, September 16, 1930, 29.
26. LAE, October 10,1930; NYT, September 29, 23; October 6, 32; October 10, 4; October 17, 9; October 23, 1930, 11.
27. WRH, September 29, 1930, in Selections, 273.
28. Diary of Henry Stimson, October 4, 1930,51–52, Stimson.
29. Older, 514; NYT, December 1, 1930, 6.
26. The Talkies and Marion
1. Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 72.
2. St. Johns, oh-SS, 3–4.
3. Davies, 74.
4. WRH-FZ, February 12, March 4, November 10, 13,1928; MH-FZ, March 30,1928; FZ-WRH, November 13, December 22, 1928, BW.
5. Ilka Chase, Past Imperfect (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran, 1942), 120; V, January 16, 1929, 4; January 17, 1929, 5; “The Marion Davies Fan Club, Family Chapter Newsletter,” April 30,1997; Richard Barrios, A Song in the Dark: The Birth of the Musical Film (New York: Oxford U.P., 1995), 225.
6. WRH-IT, July 24, 1929, August 13, 1929, carton 7, WRHp; Mannix.
7. WRH-IT, October 6, 9,1929; IT-WRH, October 8, 1929, carton 7, WRHp.
8. King Vidor, interviewed by Nancy Dowd and David Shepard (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1988), 110; WRH-IT, IT-WRH, October 14, 1929, carton 7, WRHp; Mannix.
9. Chase, 120.
10. Fred Lawrence Guiles, Marion Davies (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1972), 135.
11. [MD]-WRH, May 31, 1929, carton 9, WRHp.
12. Boardman, oh-SS, 4.
13. Moore, oh-SS, 24. I have reversed the order of the sentences.
14. St. Johns, oh-SS, 16.
15. Guiles, 174–75, 232–35; Martha Sherrill, “San Simeon’s Child,” Vanity Fair 58, April 1995, 304–13, 319–21, 326–27.
16. V, May 8, 1929, 5; May 15, 1929, 5; contracts, in Cosmopolitan Studios legal file, WB; WRH-EH, June 12, 1929, carton 6, WRHp.
17. WRH-EH, June 2, 4, 1929, carton 6, WRHp.
18. WEH-EH, June 2, 4, 1929, carton 6, WRHp.
19. LAE, September 22, October 2,1929.
20. WRH-EH, October 9, 1929, carton 13, WRHp; LAE, October 28,1929.
21. WRH-AB, March 16, 19
29, carton 8, WRHp.
22. WRH-IT, July 22, 24, 1929, carton 7, WRHp; Samuel Marx, Mayer and Thalberg (New York: Random House, 1975), 123.
23. Davies, 77; Guiles, 255.
24. WRH-ASO, January, 1929; ASO-WRH, February 18, 1929, ASOp.
25. Duncan Aikman, “A Renaissance Palace in Our West,” NYT, July 21, 1929, Section V, 10–11.
26. “Hearst at Home,” Fortune, May 193l, 130.
27. Randolph Churchill, Twenty-One Years (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), 86–87.
28. William Manchester, The Last Lion (Boston: Little, Brown, 1983), 826.
29. John Spencer Churchill, A Churchill Canvas (Boston: Little, Brown, 1961), 89–91.
30. Winston Churchill-Clementine Churchill, September 29, 1929, in Winston and Clementine: The Personal Letters of the Churchills, ed. Mary Soames (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998), 346.
31. NYT, October 19, 1929,12; MH-WRH, October 19, 1929, box 7, WRH, Jr. 91.
27. “Pretty Much Flattened Out”
1. WRH-AB, April 10, 1929, carton 10, WRHp.
2. NYA, November 15,1929; WRH-Young, November 14, 1929, carton 10, WRHp.
3. “Hearst,” Fortune, October, 1935, 51–52; “Real estate Folder,” carton 49, WRHp. NYT, June 10, 1929, 27; July 10, 1929, 49; July 24, 1929, 45; November 8, 1929, 46; December 9, 1929, Section XIII, l.
4. WRH-AH, November 15, 1929, carton 9, WRHp.
5. WRH-JM, February 26, March 1,1930 JMp; WRH-EH, February 7, 1930, carton 11, WRHp; NYT, June 19, 1931, 47; WRH-Jypeakelm, March 2, 1930, carton 11, WRHp.
6. Judith Robinson, The Hearsts (New York: Avon, 1992), 381.
7. On Wyntoon, see Sara Holmes Boutelle, Julia Morgan, Architect (New York: Abbeville, 1988), 216–32; Sally Woodbridge, “Historic Architecture: Wyntoon,” Architectural Digest, January, 1988, 98–103, 156; Fortune, 43–54.
8. Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism, third edition (New York: Macmillan, 1962), 675.
9. WRH-Eleanor Patterson, March 20, July 7, 1931, box 1, EMPp; Ralph Martin, Cissy (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1979), 266, 297,330.
10. E. J. Kahn, Jr., The World of Swope (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 343–49.
11. WRH-EDC, February 26, 1931, incoming box 3, EDCp.
12. WRH-EDC, March 1, 1933, incoming box 4, EDCp.
13. Alva Johnson, “Twilight of the Ink-stained Gods,” Vanity Fair, February, 1932, 36, 70.
14. WRH-EDC, March 10, 1931, incoming box 3, EDCp.
15. “Introduction,” Aldous Huxley ’s Hearst Essays, ed. James Sexton (New York: Garland, 1994), xxii-xxiii.
16. NYA, September 9, 12, 193l.
17. A. J. Liebling, “The Man Who Changed the Rules,” New Yorker, September 8, 1951, in The Press (New York: Pantheon, 1981), 492; A. J. Liebling, Chicago: The Second City, in Liebling at Home (n.p.: Wideview Books, 1982), 185; WRH-editors and publishers, January 30, 1930, in Selections, 335.
18. John Winkler, William Randolph Hearst: A New Appraisal (New York: Avon, 1955), 96; Mott, 582; Liebling, “The Man,” 449–50.
19. WRH-Gough, April 22, 1930, carton 11, WRHp.
20. NYA, July 12, October 17, 193l; Fortune, 126; LAE, February 5, 1932.
21. Fortune, 128.
22. NYA, July 12, 1931,10; Ferdinand Lundberg, Imperial Hearst (New York: Modern Library, 1936), 320.
23. WRH, January 4, 1925, in Selections, 466–69; JW-CMG, February 15, 1927, BW.
24. WRH, January 16, 1930, in Selections, 480–82.
25. Edward Robb Ellis, A Nation in Torment (New York: Putnam’s, 1971), 129–30.
26. Studs Terkel, Hard Times (New York: Pantheon, 1986), 2.
27. NYA, June 3, 193l.
28. NYA, June 6, 193l.
29. NYA, July 14,1931.
30. WRH-EDC, October 9, 1931, incoming box 3, EDCp; WRH, NYA, October 28, 193l.
28. “An Incorrigible Optimist”
1. JFN interview, WAS; JW-all papers, December 23, 1931, incoming box 3, EDCp.
2. WRH-JM, April 26, 1932, JMp.
3. Kenneth Anger, Hollywood Babylon (New York: Dell, 1975), 140.
4. Apperson, oh-SS; Dragon, oh-SS, 43–4.
5. Marion, oh-SS, 3.
6. Vidor, oh-SS, 2l.
7. LP, NYA, January 3, 1932.
8. David Niven, Bring On the Empty Horses (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1975), 283–84; Ouida Rathbone, “Happy Birthday, W. R.,” Esquire, December 1972,165–77.
9. WRH, Jr., oh-SS, 20.
10. Moore, oh-SS, 23.
11. Moore, oh-SS, 9.
12. Kastner, oh-DN.
13. McCrea, oh-SS, 47.
14. Apperson, oh-SS; William J. Mann, Wisecracker (New York: Viking, 1998), 131.
15. Ilka Chase, Past Imperfect (Garden City: Doubleday, Doran, 1942), 119.
16. Vidor, oh-SS, 16; Boardman, oh-SS, 4–5.
17. Fairbanks, Jr., oh-SS, 4.
18. St. Johns, oh-SS, 10.
19. Rukeyser, oh-SS, 8.
20. Swinnerton, oh-SS, 59.
21. St. Johns, oh-SS, 12–13.
22. David King Dunaway, Huxley in Hollywood (New York: Harper & Row, 1989), 81.
23. St. Johns, oh-SS, 12.
24. Joan Drake, “San Simeon Suppers,” Los Angeles Times, July 29,1998; JW-Layne, December 20, 1939, Record group IB, HSSSHM.
25. Drake; St. Johns, oh-SS, 10.
26. Marble, oh-SS, 8.
27. Niven, 276–77.
28. St. Johns, oh-SS, 6.
29. WRH, Jr., oh-SS, 22.
30. Anita Loos, Kiss Hollywood Good-by (New York: Viking, 1974), 139.
31. Niven, 282.
32. St. Johns, oh-SS, 5.
33. WRH, October 14, 1927, in Selections, 471; WRH-Will Hays, February 20, 1929, carton 6, WRHp; WRH, June 3, 1933, in Selections, 487; NYA, July 22,1934.
34. Colin Shindler, Hollywood in Crisis (New York: Routledge, 1996), 25–26; V, November 10, 1931, 1, 6; November 17, 1931, 4, 6; WRH-Jack Warner, November 6, 1931, carton 12, WRHp.
35. Moore, oh-SS, 22.
36. McCrea, oh-SS, 18–2l.
37. Wahlberg, oh-SS, 42; JW-W. Woolard, February 4, 1940, carton 31, WRHp.
38. Shindler, 21–22; Molly Haskell, From Reverence to Rape (New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, 1974), 91.
39. WRH-IT, March 9, 1931, carton 11, WRHp.
40. Marion Davies, The Times We Had (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1975), 91.
41. Mannix.
42. WRH-LBM, April 22, 1932, carton 14, WRHp.
43. Cari Beauchamp, Without Lying Down (New York: Scribner, 1997), 280–81,187; WRH-Vidor, January 23, 1932, box 1, BH.
44. Beauchamp, 287–90; Loos, 134–35; Richard Barrios, A Song in the Dark (New York: Oxford U.P., 1995), 362; Mannix.
45. Bing Crosby, Call Me Lucky (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953), 118–21; Davies, 86.
46. Mannix.
47. LP, LAE, November 1, 1934; Douglas W. Churchill, “Out of the Golden West,” NYT, November 4, 1934, section IX, 5.
48. Excerpt of Cosmopolitan Corporation Contract, December 3, 1934, Cosmopolitan Pictures Legal File, box WB1, WB; JW-G. G. Young, November 2, 1934, carton 19, WRHp.
29. The Chief Chooses a President
1. WRH-EDC, January 21, 1931, incoming box 3, EDCp.
2. NYA, January 3, 1932.
3. WRH-EDC, Jan 5, [1932], incoming box 3, EDC; EDC-WRH, January 5, 1932, outgoing box 1, EDCp; WRH, NYA, January 8, 10, 17,1932.
4. WRH-all publishers, transcript of phone message, January 23, 1932, carton 15, WRHp; WRH-various editors, January, 1932, box 1, BH.
5. Howe-FDR, January 30, 1932, PPF 2095, FDRp.
6. NYT, February 3, 1932; Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull, vol. I (New York: Macmillan, 1948), 150.
7. WRH-Homer Guck, February 21, 1932, box 1, BH.
8. WRH-KVW, February 28, 1932, box 1, BH.
9. WRH-F.J. McCarthy, March 21, 1932, box 2, BH.
10. JPK-Godsol, June 17,1921; JPK-Grenville MacFarland, June 18,1921; W
RH-JPK, April 19, 1932, JPKp.
11. Arthur Krock, oh-CU; WRH-MH, July 3, 1932, carton 12, WRHp.
12. WRH-W. A. Curley, November 21, 1942, carton 38, WRHp; MH-WRH, July 2, 1932, box 7, WRH, Jr.91.
13. WRH-MH, July 3, 1932, carton 12, WRHp.
14. WRH-EDC, July [2]9, 1932, incoming box 3, EDCp.
15. Stimson diaries XXIII, July 27, 1932, 2, Stimson.
16. AB-FDR, September 5, 1932, PPF 1405, FDRp; Jane Collings, “Streamlining the National Body: Newsreel Spectatorship in the New Era” (Ph.D. diss., UCLA, 1995), 192.
17. JPK-JW, October 14, 1932, carton 13, WRHp.
18. JFN-WRH, November 8, 1932, box 65, JFNp; MH-WRH, November 9, 1932, box 7, WRH, Jr.9l.
19. JW-JFN, November 19, 1932, box 65, JFNp.
20. WRH-JPK, November 14, 1932, JPKp.
21. WRH-JPK, November 24, 30, December 22, 1932, JPK-WRH, December 23, 1932, JPKp.
22. WRH-JPK, November 24, 30, December 28, 1932, JPKp.
23. Edmond D. Coblentz, ed., William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1952), 143–45.
24. Dana Frank, Buy American (Boston: Beacon Press, 1999), 59.
25. I thank Dana Frank for sharing information about this newsreel with me.
26. EDC-WRH, January 11, 1933, carton 17, WRHp.
27. WRH-EDC, January 20, 1933, carton 17, WRHp; WRH-FDR, February 7, 1933, PPF62, FDRp.
28. Neylan interview, WAS.
29. TJW-JFN, January 21, 1933, carton 17, WRHp.
30. TJW-WRH, January 27, 1933, carton 16, WRHp.
31. JFN-WRH, March 23, 1933, carton 17, WRHp.
32. Wingate-Hays, January 23, 1933, GOWH file, MPAA.
33. Wingate-Hays, January 30, 1933; Wingate-IT, February 8, 1933, GOWH file, MPAA.
34. Wingate-Hays, February 11, 1933, GOWH file, MPAA.
35. Hays-Early, no date but marked at top, Ack[nowledg]ed 3/11,” OF 73, FDRp.
36. Schenck-Hays, March 11, 1933, OF 73, FDRp.
37. WRH-LBM, March 25, 1933, carton 17, WRHp.
38. FDR-WRH, April 1, 1933, PPF 62, FDRp.
39. MPH, April 8, 1933; Walter Lippmann, “Politics Over Hollywood,” NYHT, April 4, 1933, 15.
40. Mannix.