by David Nasaw
Hearst William Randolph Hearst Papers, Bancroft
HHOHP Herbert Hoover Oral History Project, HHPL
HHPLPPI Post-Presidential Correspondence, HHPL
Hopkins Harry Hopkins Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Georgetown University Library, Washington, D.C.
Hornbeck Stanley Hornbeck Papers, HI
HUA Harvard University Archives, Pusey Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Hull Cordell Hull Papers, LC
Ickes Harold L. Ickes Papers, LC
Krock Arthur Krock Papers, 20th Century Public Policy Papers, Mudd
Jacobs Rose Jacobs Papers, CZA
JFKOF President’s Office Files, JFKL
JFKOHP John F. Kennedy Oral History Project, JFKL
JFKPP John F. Kennedy Personal Papers, JFKL
JPKP Joseph P. Kennedy Personal Papers, JFKL
JR James Roosevelt Papers, FDRL
KBMPP Kirk LeMoyne “Lem” Billings Personal Papers, JFKL
Kent Frank Kent Scrapbooks, Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore, Maryland
Kirstein Louis E. Kirstein Collection, Baker Library
Knopf Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Papers, Ransom
Knopf Records Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., Records, NYPL
LandisLC James McCauley Landis Papers, LC
LandisHU James McCauley Landis Papers, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, Massachusetts
LBJP Papers of Lyndon B. Johnson, LBJL
LeHand Marguerite A. (“Missy”) LeHand Papers, Grace Tully Collections, FDRL
Lehman Lehman Brothers Collection, Baker Library
Lindbergh Charles Augustus Lindbergh Gift Collection, Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library, New Haven, Connecticut.
Long Breckinridge Long Papers, LC
McCormick Robert R. McCormick: Business Correspondence, Colonel Robert McCormick Research Center, First Division Museum at Cantigny, Wheaton, Illinois
Moffat Jay Pierrepont Moffat Diplomatic Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
Mooney James D. Mooney Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Georgetown University Library, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C.
Morgenthau Morgenthau Diaries, LC
NHP Nigel Hamilton Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, Massachusetts
OF President’s Official Files, FDRL
Pathé Pathé Exchange Records, Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, Beverly Hills, California
Pearson Drew Pearson Personal Papers, LBJL
Pegler Westbrook Pegler Papers, HHPL
PPF President’s Personal Files, FDRL
Quigley Martin J. Quigley Papers, Special Collections, Georgetown University Library, Washington, D.C.
REFKP Rose [Elizabeth] Fitzgerald Kennedy Personal Papers, JFKL
Riverdale Riverdale Country Day School, Riverdale, New York
Ross Harold Ross Papers, New Yorker Records, NYPL
Schiff Dorothy Schiff Papers, NYPL
Schlesinger Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., Papers, NYPL
Sulzberger New York Times Company Records, Arthur Hays Sulzberger Papers, NYPL
Swanson Gloria Swanson Papers, Ransom
Szold Robert Szold Papers, CZA
Toscanini Cia Fornaroli and Walter Toscanini Papers, NYPL
Trohan Walter Trohan Papers, HHPL
Weizmann The Chaim Weizmann Archives, Rehoboth, Israel
Wilson Hugh Wilson Papers, HHPL
Wood R. E. Wood Papers, HHPL
Wright Papers of John J. Wright, Archives of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Worcester, Worcester, Massachusetts
NEWSPAPERS
AC Atlanta Constitution
BDG Boston Daily Globe
BH Boston Herald
BRA Boston Record-American
BSG Boston Sunday Globe
BP Boston Post
BSP Boston Sunday Post
BT Boston Traveler
CDT Chicago Daily Tribune
CSM Christian Science Monitor
EHMPW Exhibitor Herald Motion Picture World
FD Film Daily
HC Hartford Courant
LAE Los Angeles Examiner
LAT Los Angeles Times
MPN Motion Picture News
MPW Moving Picture World
NYDM New York Daily Mirror
NYJA New York Journal American
NYHT New York Herald Tribune
NYT New York Times
V Variety
WP Washington Post
WSJ Wall Street Journal
INDIVIDUALS
BB Bernard Baruch
CBL Clare Boothe Luce
CK Christopher Kennedy
EKS Eunice Kennedy Shriver
EMK Edward M. Kennedy
ER Eleanor Roosevelt
ESK Ethel Skakel Kennedy
FDR Franklin Delano Roosevelt
FF Felix Frankfurter
GS Gloria Swanson
HH Herbert Hoover
JB John Boettiger
JF John F. “Honey” Fitzgerald
JFK John Fitzgerald Kennedy
JKS Jean Kennedy Smith
JPK Joseph P. Kennedy
JR James Roosevelt
KKH Kathleen “Kick” Kennedy Hartington
LB Kirk LeMoyne “Lem” Billings
NA Lady Nancy Astor
PKL Patricia Kennedy
RC Robert Coughlin
REFK Rose [Elizabeth] Fitzgerald Kennedy
RFK Robert Fitzgerald Kennedy
RK Rosemary Kennedy
SS Secretary of State (Cordell Hull)
WRH William Randolph Hearst
PUBLICATIONS
FB The Fruitful Bough
FRUS Foreign Relations of the United States
HTF Hostage to Fortune
TTR Times to Remember
TC True Compass
ONE: DUNGANSTOWN TO EAST BOSTON
1. David Noel Doyle, “The Remaking of Irish America, 1845–1880,” in Making the Irish American: History and Heritage of the Irish in the United States, ed. Joseph Lee and Marion R. Casey (New York: New York University Press, 2006), 222.
2. East Boston: A Survey and a Comprehensive Plan (City of Boston, 1916), 1.
3. William H. Sumner, History of East Boston (Boston: J. E. Tilton & Co., 1858), 529; Samuel Eliot Morrison, The Maritime History of Massachusetts: 1783–1860 (1921; reprint, Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1961), 367–68.
4. U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, History of Wages in the United States from Colonial Times to 1928 (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1934), 178, 253, 448, 460.
5. “The Catholic Church of New England,” box 8, Boston, Church History folder, BPL-EB.
6. U.S. Department of Labor, History of Wages in the United States, 460.
7. Thomas O’Connor, The Boston Irish: A Political History (Boston: Back Bay Books, 1995), 99.
8. Kennedy, Bridget (1860 U.S. Census) Massachusetts, Suffolk County, Ward Two, Boston, Mass.
9. Suffolk County Probate and Family Court Administration. Docket 81567. Bridget Kennedy, 1889, Massachusetts Archives, Boston, Mass.
10. Frederick Bushee, “The Growth of the Population of Boston,” Publications of the American Statistical Association 6 (June 1899): 262, 264.
11. Frederick Bushee, Ethnic Factors in the Population of Boston (New York: Macmillan, 1903), 122–23.
12. BDG, Dec. 12, 1888, 1; Lois Bannister Merk, “Boston’s Historic Public School Crisis,” New E
ngland Quarterly 31 (June 1958): 189–92.
13. John Higham, Strangers in the Land (1955; repr., New York: Atheneum, 1971), 101–3.
14. BDG, Nov. 18, 1899, 6.
15. BDG, Oct. 17, 1893.
16. Duncliffe, “Irish Surge as Pat Pulls Strings,” BRA, Jan. 7, 1964.
17. The Fruitful Bough (FB), collected by Edward M. Kennedy (privately printed, 1965), 8.
18. John F. Murphy, Up-to-Date Guide Book of Greater Boston (Boston: John Murray, 1904), 118–19.
19. Loretta Connelly, FB folders, EMKP; Max Grossman, “The Life Story of Joseph P. Kennedy,” BSP, Dec. 12, 1937.
20. BDG, Nov. 18, 1899, 6.
21. BDG, Feb. 1, 1899; Dec. 13, 22, 1899; Apr. 29, 1902.
TWO: SCHOOL DAYS
1. E. Digby Baltzell, Puritan Boston and Quaker Philadelphia (New York: Free Press, 1979), 426.
2. Boston Latin School, Catalogue, 1903, 28, BLS.
3. Boston Latin School, Catalogue, Oct. 1907, 37–42, BLS.
4. Boston Latin School, Tercentenary Catalogue, 1904–1905, 76, BLS.
5. O’Connor, The Boston Irish, 266–67.
6. BDG, Sept. 21, 1906; Mar. 30, 1907; Pengra, FB folders, EMKP.
7. REFK, Times to Remember (TTR) (New York: Doubleday, 1974), 17–18; REFK and RC, Jan. 21, 1972, box 10, REFKP.
8. REFK, TTR, 49–50.
9. REFK, TTR, 50; REFK and RC, Jan. 21, 1972, box 10, REFKP; REFK, TTR, 50–51.
10. Charles F. Hennessey, “Prophecy for the Class of 1908,” in R. J. Dobbyn to JPK, Jan. 24, 1934, box 34, JPKP.
11. Boston Latin School Register, Dec. 1907, 13; May 1908, 14, BLS; BDG, June 13, 1908; BSP, May 9, 1908.
12. Harvard University, student records, UAIII, 15.88.10, 1890–1968, box 2600, HUA.
13. V. W. Brooks, “Harvard and American Life,” Contemporary Review 94 (1908): 613; Harvard University, student records, HUA.
14. Seymour Martin Lipset and David Riesman, Education and Politics at Harvard (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975), 106; Report of the Committee Appointed to Consider the Advisability of Revising the Present System of Examinations for Admission to Harvard College, Harvard College Class of 1912, class book, 1913; “List of Secondary Schools, Universities and Colleges . . . from Which Students Have Entered Harvard College During the Years 1901–1910,” HUA.
15. Campbell, FB folders, EMKP.
16. “1912 Harvard Class Album,” HUA.
17. BDG, Mar. 19, 1911; Apr. 18, 24, 1911; Campbell, FB folders, EMKP.
18. The H Book of Harvard Athletics, 1852–1922, ed. John A. Blanchard (Cambridge, MA: Harvard Varsity Club, 1923); Richard Whalen, The Founding Father (1964; repr., New York: Regnery, 1993), 4, 27; Kelly, Potter, FB folders, EMKP.
19. Kelly, Potter, FB folders, EMKP.
20. BDG, Nov. 19, 20, 23, 1908.
21. O’Connor, The Boston Irish, 178.
22. REFK, TTR, 46–47.
23. REFK and RC, Jan. 24, 1972, box 10, REFKP; BDG, Jan. 3, 1911.
24. REFK, TTR, 51–52.
25. REFK and RC, Feb. 23, 1972, box 10, REFKP; REFK, TTR, 51–52.
26. REFK and RC, Jan. 4, 1972, box 10, REFKP; REFK, TTR, 54.
27. John B. Kennedy, “Joe Kennedy Has Never Liked Any Job He’s Tackled,” American Magazine, May 1928, 145–46.
28. Cram to P. J. Kennedy, Sept. 30, 1911, Harvard University, student records, UAIII, 15.88.10, 1890–1968, box 2600, HUA.
29. Harvard University, Joseph P. Kennedy, grade card, UAIII 15.75.12 1910–1919, box 12, HUA.
THREE: STARTING OUT
1. REFK, TTR, 56.
2. John B. Kennedy, “Joe Kennedy Has . . . ,” 146.
3. Naomi Lamoreaux, “Bank Mergers in Late Nineteenth-Century New England,” Journal of Economic History (Sept. 1991): 547–48; John Gunther, Inside U.S.A. (1947; repr., New York: New Press, 1997), 512.
4. O’Meara to JPK, May 15, 1937, box 91, JPKP.
5. Richard Whalen interview with Goldsmith, cited in Laurence Leamer, The Kennedy Men (New York: HarperCollins, 2001), 23.
6. JPK to Goldsmith, Apr. 17, 1912, in author’s possession.
7. JPK to Goldsmith, n.d., 1913, in author’s possession.
8. BDG, Apr. 6, 1911.
9. Merrill, FB folders, 1964, EMKP.
10. Goldsmith to JPK, n.d., in author’s possession.
11. BDG, Jan. 3, Mar. 25, Oct. 14, 1913.
12. BDG, Dec. 19, 1913.
13. Boston News Bureau, Jan. 21, 1914, 5.
14. JPK to Goldsmith, n.d. [Jan. 1914], in author’s possession.
15. “Deny They Gave $1,000,” BDG, Feb. 13, 1914.
16. Massachusetts Bank Commissioners, Annual Report of the Bank Commissioners, 1912–1915 (Boston: Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 1912–1915).
17. REFK, TTR, 59; “Bars Improper Dancing,” BDG, Oct. 11, 1913.
18. REFK, TTR, 59.
19. REFK interview, Nov. 20, 1967, John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site resources management records, box 10, Longfellow.
20. REFK, “The Wedding Log,” box 1, REFKP.
21. Alexander von Hoffman, John F. Kennedy’s Birthplace: A Presidential Home in History and Memory (National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, Aug. 2004), 29, 33.
22. Von Hoffman, 109–16, 189–93; Anne Coxe Toogood, John Fitzgerald Kennedy National Historic Site: Historic Furnishings Plan (Department of the Interior, National Park Service, July 31, 1971), 23.
23. REFK and RC, Jan. 7, 1972, box 10, REFKP.
24. On collateral loan scandal, BDG, Dec. 3, 4, 5, 11, 1914; “Rowley Collateral Loan Director,” Feb. 5, 1914.
25. Massachusetts Bank Commissioners, Annual Report.
26. Campbell, FB folders, EMKP.
27. JPK notes payable and receivable, 1921–1936, assorted materials, box 42, JPKP.
28. REFK, TTR, 62–63.
FOUR: WAR
1. BDG, Apr. 8, 1915.
2. REFK, TTR, 63.
3. REFK, in Doris Kearns Goodwin, The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1987), 272.
4. John Whiteclay Chambers II, To Raise an Army: The Draft Comes to Modern America (New York: Free Press, 1987), 126.
5. JPK draft card, NAUS.
6. BDG, Aug. 9, 10, 14, 16, 1917.
7. BDG, Oct. 21, 1917; U.S. War Department, Second Report of the Provost Marshal General to the Secretary of War on the Operations of the Selective Service System to December 20, 1918 (Washington, DC: U.S. War Department, 1919), 45, 62–66; Samuel W. McCall, “Massachusetts in Action,” American Review of Reviews 57 (May 1918): 506.
8. Powell to JPK, Nov. 14, 1917, box 37, JPKP.
9. Preliminary Report on Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp.—Quincy Plant, July 31 and Aug. 1, 1918, record group 3, Records of the United States Housing Corporation PI-140, entry 39, box 6, NAUS.
10. See correspondence and memorandums in NAUS, record group 3, “Records of the United States Housing Corporation,” PI-140, entry 39, box 6; JPK to James Richards, Sept. 9, 1918, Amanda Smith, Hostage to Fortune: The Letters of Joseph P. Kennedy, HTF (New York: Viking, 2001), 18–19.
11. Fore River Log 4, no. 3 (Oct. 1918), 15.
12. JPK to District Board No. 5, Feb. 18, 1918; Powell to T. F. Harrington, Feb. 17, 1918; Powell to Meyer Bloomfield, Feb. 25, 1918, box 37, JPKP.
13. BDG, Apr. 6, July 27, 1918.
14. BDG, Apr. 18, 1918; “Praises Work at Fore River,” BDG, Aug. 3, 1918.
15. “Fore River Makes a Good Home Start,” BDG, May 19, 1918.
16. Forging America: The History of Bethlehem Steel, chap. 3, http://www.baltimoresun.com/topic/all-bethsteel-c3p13,0,4940413.story; BDG, May 14, July 5, 1918; JPK to Joseph
Larkin, Sept. 16, 1918, Smith, HTF, 19–22.
17. BDG, Sept. 6, 17, 21, 1918; REFK, TTR, 131.
18. BDG, Nov. 8, 1918; John B. Kennedy, “Joe Kennedy Has . . . ,” 148.
FIVE: MAKING A MILLION
1. REFK and RC, Jan. 21, 1972, box 10, REFKP.
2. Fenway Building Trust transactions, box 45; bank loans secured by notes, box 42; JPK loans, withdrawn box (hereafter w.b.) 10, JPKP.
3. REFK, TTR, 77.
4. Gloria Swanson, Swanson on Swanson (New York: Random House, 1980), 344.
5. Coolidge to JPK, Oct. 8, 1920; JPK to Coolidge, Oct. 16, Nov. 26, 1920, box 35, JPKP.
6. REFK and RC, Jan. 24, 1972, box 12, REFKP.
7. REFK, TTR, 70, 73–74; REFK and RC, Jan. 20, 21, 1972, box 10, REFKP.
8. Peters to JPK, Feb. 25, 1920, box 36, JPKP; JPK to Place, July 2, 1920, Smith, HTF, 24.
9. St. Apollonia Guild, FB folders, EMKP.
10. Edwin Place, “Scarlet Fever,” American Journal of Public Health 4 (September 1914): 772.
11. REFK and RC, Jan. 17, 1972, box 10, REFKP.
12. Von Hoffman, 43–46.
13. Houghton, FB folders, EMKP.
14. Armond Fields, Fred Stone (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2002), 193–94, 202–3; agreement among Gurnett, Kennedy, and Stone, May 2, 1919, box 49; JPK to Wellington, June 29, 1921, box 37, JPKP.
15. “Babe Ruth Signs to Enter Movies,” BDG, Sept. 6, 1919; JPK and Babe Ruth: Agreement, n.d.; Robbins to JPK, Oct. 8, 1919; Ruth to JPK, Oct. 31, 1919, box 68, JPKP.
16. David Stoneman to JPK, Nov. 6, 1919; minutes of Columbia Films board, Jan. 7, 1921, and assorted documents, w.b. 31, JPKP.
17. JPK to Treman, Jan. 2, 1920; JPK to E. B. Dane, Jan. 21, 1920, box 68, JPKP.
18. JPK to Hayden, Dec. 4, 1919; memorandum on loan to Frank Hall, June 20, 1920, box 68, JPKP; NYT, July 2, 1921.
19. Peters to Houston, Apr. 21, 1920, box 47; Houston to Peters, Apr. 26, 1920; Peters to JPK, Apr. 29, 1920; JPK to Peters, May 7, 1920, box 36, JPKP.
20. Dunphy to JPK, Aug. 11, 1920, box 35, JPKP.
21. JPK to Dunphy, Aug. 12, 23, 1920, box 35, JPKP.
22. JPK to Cole, Aug. 30, 1920, box 48, JPKP.
23. Hunter, Dublin and Company prospectus, 1927, in Janet Wasko, Movies and Money (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1982), 22.
24. JPK to Cole, Sept. 30, 1920, box 48, JPKP.
25. JPK to Cole, Nov. 19, 30, 1920, box 48, JPKP.
26. JPK to Turner, Dec. 23, 1920, box 37, JPKP.
27. Information on these loans, box 42; Thayer to JPK, June 8, 1921, w.b. 10, JPKP.