The Patriarch

by David Nasaw

  5. JPK to Willicombe, Dec. 1, 1932, box 7, Hearst.

  6. JPK to WRH, Dec. 14, 24, 1932, box 7, Hearst.

  7. WRH to JPK, Dec. 28, 1932, box 7, Hearst; JPK to FDR, Dec. 29, 1932, box 70, JPKP.

  8. Moley, First New Deal, 381.

  9. E. J. Kahn, Jr., The World of Swope (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1965), 378–79.

  10. Schlesinger, Crisis of the Old Order, 457.

  11. JPK to FDR, Mar. 14, 1933, Smith, HTF, 116.

  12. FDR to JFK, Mar. 29, 1933, PPF 227, FDRL.

  13. JPK to JFK, Feb. 10, 1933, Smith, HTF, 116.

  14. Details of sale, w.b. 23, JPKP.

  15. FDR to JPK, May 11, 1933, PPF 207, FDRL.

  16. JPK to FDR, May 19, 1933, Smith, HTF, 117.

  17. Moley, First New Deal, 381–82.

  18. Warburg, oral history, vol. 3, 233, 407, 410, CUOH.

  19. U.S. Congress, U.S. Senate, “Hearings Before the Committee on Banking and Currency,” 73rd Cong., 2nd sess., 1933, 6,218–46.

  20. Consolidated balance statement, Dec. 31, 1933, w.b. 9, JPKP.

  21. James Roosevelt, with Bill Libby, My Parents: A Differing View (New York: Playboy Press, 1976), 210; Ronald Weir, The History of the Distillers Company, 1877–1939 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995), 280; Alva Johnson, “‘Jimmy’s Got It,’” Saturday Evening Post, July 2, 1938.

  22. JPK to JPK, Jr., Nov. 21, Dec. 4, 1933, box 1, JPKP; Weir, History of the Distillers Company, 280.

  23. Murphy to JPK, Sept. 19, 1940, w.b. 32; abstract of trust agreements, w.b. 22, JPKP.

  24. REFK, TTR, 145.

  25. KKH to JPK, Jan. 8, 1934, Smith, HTF, 123.

  26. JPK to JPK, Jr., Nov. 21, 1933, box 1, JPKP.

  27. JPK to G. St. John, Nov. 21, 1933, Smith, HTF, 120.

  28. G. St. John to JPK, Nov. 27, 1933, box 20, JPKP.

  29. Michael O’Brien, John F. Kennedy (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2005), 70; JPK to JPK, Jr., Feb. 14, 1934, Smith, HTF, 126.

  30. Krock, “Sweeping Changes,” NYT, Nov. 12, 1933.

  31. JPK to FF, Dec. 5, 1933, Smith, HTF, 121–220.

  32. FF, oral history, JFKOHP; Isaac Kramnick and Barry Sheerman, Harold Laski: A Life on the Left (New York: Penguin Press, 1993), 187, 309.

  33. JPK to JPK, Jr., Feb. 14, 1934, Smith, HTF, 126–27; JPK to JPK, Jr., Feb. 21, JPK, Jr., to JPK, Feb. 23, 1934, box 1, JPKP.

  34. JPK to JPK, Jr., Feb. 14, 1934, Smith, HTF, 126–27.

  35. Cited in Deborah E. Lipstadt, Beyond Belief (New York: Free Press, 1986), 14.

  36. JPK, Jr., to JPK, Apr. 23, 1934, Smith, HTF, 130–31.

  37. JPK to JPK, Jr., May 4, 1934, Smith, HTF, 133–35.

  38. JPK to FF, Feb. 14, 1934, Smith, HTF, 124–25.

  TWELVE: TO WASHINGTON

  1. Time, Feb. 26, 1934.

  2. JPK to FF, Feb. 14, 1934, Smith, HTF, 124; FF to JPK, Mar. 19, 1934, box 37, JPKP.

  3. JPK, memorandum, n.d., Smith, HTF, 127–29.

  4. JPK to JPK, Jr., May 4, 1934, Smith, HTF, 133–36.

  5. JPK to Louis Ruppel, May 18, 1934, box 71, JPKP.

  6. Harold Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes (New York, Simon & Schuster, 1953), 1:172.

  7. Corcoran to FF, May 11, 1934, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  8. Moley, After Seven Years, 286.

  9. REFK, “Married Life,” box 12, REFKP.

  10. Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., The Coming of the New Deal (1958: Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1988), 468; Dowling, oral history, 366–67, CUOH; JPK, memorandum, n.d., Smith, HTF, 137.

  11. JPK, memorandum, n.d., Smith, HTF, 136–39; Moley, After Seven Years, 288.

  12. New Republic, July 11, 18, 1934.

  13. Sullivan to Swope, Aug. 1, 1934, w.b. 1, JPKP.

  14. Ronald Steele, Walter Lippmann and the American Century (Boston: Little Brown & Co., 1980), 200–201.

  15. Arthur Krock, Memoirs (New York: Funk & Wagnalls, 1968), 330–32.

  16. S. J. Woolf, NYT, Aug. 12, 1934; JPK, as told to John B. Kennedy, “Shielding the Sheep,” Saturday Evening Post, Jan. 18, 1936, 61, 64.

  17. News-Week, Aug. 4, 1934, 28; Time, July 22, 1935, 43, Mark Walston, “Riverside Palace,” Bethesda Magazine, March–April, 2009.

  18. REFK, “Married Life,” box 12, REFKP.

  19. Krock, memorandum, July 1, 1936, box 1, vol. 1, 64–66, Krock.

  20. Assorted letters, box 76; ER to Moore, Nov. 22, 1934, box 80, JPKP.

  21. Milton Freeman, in The Making of the New Deal, ed. Katie Louchheim and Jonathan Dembo (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1983), 142.

  22. William O. Douglas, Go East, Young Man: The Early Years (New York: Random House, 1973), 258–59.

  23. Freeman, in The Making of the New Deal, 141–42.

  24. Douglas, Go East, Young Man, 269; Freeman, in The Making of the New Deal, 141.

  25. Swope to JPK, July 24, 1934, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  26. JPK, “Address . . . at National Press Club,” July 25, 1934, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  27. “Topics in Wall Street,” NYT, July 26, 1934, NYT; Swope to JPK, July 25, 1934, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930; Berle to JPK, July 30, 1934, box 8, Berle.

  28. “First Annual Report . . . June 30, 1935,” http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  29. EMK, TC, 34; REFK and RC, Jan. 4, 1972, box 10, REFKP.

  30. JPK to Father Nilus McAllister, Oct. 2, 1934, Smith, HTF, 142.

  31. JPK to JPK, Jr., Oct. 2, 1934, Mar. 14, May 2, 1935, box 1, JPKP; JPK to JPK, Jr., Dec. 7, 1934, Smith, HTF, 147.

  32. JPK to JPK, Jr., Oct. 2, 1934, box 1, JPKP; JPK to FF Oct. 9, 1934, Smith, HTF, 143–34.

  33. JPK to JPK, Jr., Mar. 14, 1935, box 1, JPKP.

  34. Newton to REFK, n.d., w.b. 3, JPKP.

  35. JPK to JPK, Jr., Oct. 2, 1934; JPK to JFK, Oct. 10, 1934, box 1, JPKP.

  36. JPK to Newton, Oct. 14, 1934, Smith, HTF, 145–46; RK to JPK, Oct. 15, 1934, Smith, HTF, 146.

  37. JPK to Newton, Oct. 15, 1934, Smith, HTF, 145; JPK to Good, Oct. 15, 1934; Good to JPK, Oct. 18, 1934, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  38. Good to JPK, Oct. 24, 1934, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  39. JPK to Lawrence, Nov. 21, 1934, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  40. JFK to JPK, Dec. 2, 1934; JPK to JFK, Dec. 5, 1934, Smith, HTF, 146–47.

  41. KKH to JFK, n.d., in Hamilton, JFK, 126.

  42. G. St. John to JPK, Feb. 9, 1935; JPK to G. St. John, Feb. 16, 1935, in Hamilton, JFK, 126.

  43. JPK to KKH, Feb. 20, 1935, Smith, HTF, 151.

  44. JPK to JFK, Apr. 29, 1935, box 1, JPKP.

  45. Thomas K. McCraw, Prophets of Regulation (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1984), 165; Douglas, Go East, Young Man, 273–74.

  46. JPK, “Shielding the Sheep,” 68; JPK, “Address . . . at Union League Club of Chicago, Illinois,” Feb. 8, 1935, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  47. “Address of Hon. Joseph P. Kennedy . . . at Union League Club of Chicago, Illinois,” Feb. 5, 1935, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  48. “Address of Hon. Joseph P. Kennedy . . . Before American Arbitration Association, New York City,” Mar. 19, 1935, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  49. NYT, Mar. 20, 1935.

  50. JPK to FDR, FDR to JPK, Feb. 19, 1935, OF 229, FDRL.

  51. JPK to BB, Apr. 26, 1935, box 79, JPKP.

  52. Ickes, Secret Diary, 1:203, 206.

  53. JPK to JFK, Apr. 26, 1935, box 1, JPKP.

  54. Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., The Politics of Upheaval (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1960), 345.

  55. Coblentz to WRH, May 9, 1935, outg
oing box 1, Coblentz.

  56. WRH to Coblentz, May 15, 1935, box 4, Coblentz.

  57. FDR to JPK, May 15, 1935, PPF 207, FDRL.

  58. Edmond D. Coblentz, ed., William Randolph Hearst: A Portrait in His Own Words (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1953), 179–80.

  59. JPK to Howe, Feb. 14, 1935, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  60. JPK to Rayburn, June 28, 1935, Smith, HTF, 154.

  61. JPK to FDR, July 2, 1935, JPK to Wheeler, July 8, 1935, JPK to Pettengill, July 12, 1935; Pettengill to JPK, July 10, 15, 1935, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  62. JPK to Swope, July 13, 1935, http://www.sechistorical.org/museum/papers/1930.

  63. FDR to JPK, July 11, 1935, box 71, JPKP.

  64. JPK to FDR, Sept. 6, 1935, OF 1060, FDRL.

  65. Robert S. Gallagher, “The Radio Priest,” American Heritage, Oct. 1972.

  66. Pearson and Allen, Sept. 3, 1935, http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/pearson/pearson.shtml.

  67. Time, July 22, 1935; Literary Digest, Aug. 24, 1935.

  68. WSJ, Sept. 25, 1935.

  THIRTEEN: REELECTING ROOSEVELT

  1. FDR to Bingham, Emmet, Dodd, Long, Straus, Sept. 23, 1935, PPF 207, FDRL; Krock letters, box 70, JPKP.

  2. BB to Churchill, Sept. 25, 1935, 2/237, CHAR.

  3. Hamilton, JFK, 141.

  4. JPK to Bingham, JPK to JFK, Nov. 11, 1935, Smith, HTF, 164.

  5. JFK to JPK, May 9, 1936, w.b. 1, JPKP.

  6. JPK to Delmar Leighton, Aug. 28, 1936, in Smith, HTF, 187–88.

  7. RFK, “Married Life,” box 12; “Joe Kennedy’s Friends,” box 7, REFKP.

  8. KKH to RFK, Feb. 8, 1936, Smith, HTF, 172–73.

  9. Hamilton, JFK, 142; JPK, Jr., to JPK, n.d.; JPK to JPK, Jr., Feb. 27, 1936, Smith, HTF, 176.

  10. JPK to JPK, Jr., Feb. 27, 1936, Smith, HTF, 176.

  11. RK to RFK and JPK, Jan. 12, 1936, Smith, HTF, 167–68.

  12. JPK to KKH, Jan. 20, 1936, Smith, HTF, 170.

  13. JPK to EKS, Feb. 11, 1936, Smith, HTF, 174.

  14. JPK to RFK, Jan. 11, 1936, Smith, HTF, 167.

  15. JPK to EKS, PKL, JKS, Feb. 27, 1936; JPK to RFK, EMK, Feb. 27, 1936, Smith, HTF, 177.

  16. Correspondence between JPK and JB, box 70, JPKP; JPK to McCormick, Jan. 31, 1936, Smith, HTF, 171.

  17. LeHand to JPK, Aug. 5, 1936, JPKP.

  18. JPK to LeHand, Feb. 17, 1937; JR to JPK, Feb. 19, 1937, JR; FDR to JPK, Mar. 18, 1937, PPF 207, FDRL.

  19. JPK to FDR, Jan. 20, 1936, Smith, HTF, 169–70.

  20. JPK, I’m for Roosevelt, 7.

  21. Block to JPK, Apr. 10, 1936, box 69, JPKP.

  22. Morgenthau, diaries, transcript of telephone conversation, vol. 22, Apr. 28, 1936, Morgenthau.

  23. JPK to LeHand, May 4, 1936; FDR to JPK, June 17, 1936, PPF 207, FDRL.

  24. JPK to Krock, June 24, Aug. 19, 1936, box 70, JPKP; Krock, Memoirs, 331–32.

  25. BSG, July 26, 1936.

  26. Muriel Palmer to author, Apr. 12–13, 2010.

  27. JPK to Allen, Aug. 8, 1936, Smith, HTF, 186–87.

  28. Ruppel to JPK, Aug. 4, 25, 1936, box 71, JPKP.

  29. JPK to Campbell, Oct. 1, 1936, letters of congratulation, box 70, JPKP.

  30. JPK, I’m for Roosevelt, 106.

  31. Corcoran to JPK, Sept. 21, 1936, box 70; JR to JPK, Sept. 18, 1936, box 71; Early to JPK, Oct. 7, 1936, box 71, JPKP.

  32. Ruppel to JPK, Oct. 2, 1936; JPK to Ruppel, Oct. 9, 1936, box 71, JPKP.

  33. Pearson to JPK, Oct. 7, 1936, box 71, JPKP.

  34. JPK to Bingham, Oct. 6, 1936, box 69, JPKP.

  35. JPK, Oct. 24, 1936, radio address, box 75, JPKP.

  36. JPK to Marx, Oct. 27, 1936, box 70; JPK to Byrnes, Oct. 30, 1936, series 2 senatorial, box 47, Byrnes.

  37. Galeazzi, FB folders, EMKP; EMK, TC, 42.

  FOURTEEN: MARITIME COMMISSIONER

  1. JPK to Byrnes, Mar. 15, 1937, box 47, Byrnes.

  2. JPK to JB, Mar. 22, 1937, box 21, Boettiger.

  3. JPK to WRH, Mar. 29, 1937, box 7, Hearst.

  4. Poole to WRH, June 23, 1937; WRH to JPK, June 27, 1937, box 45, JPKP.

  5. Walter Cummings to JPK, July 31, 1937; JPK to Cummings, Aug. 2, 1937, box 45, JPKP.

  6. JPK to White, Mar. 28, 1938, box 117, JPKP.

  7. JPK to Fisher, May 12, 1937, Smith, HTF, 199.

  8. JPK to Benchley, May 24, 1937, Smith, HTF, 210.

  9. JPK, commencement address, June 1937, box 92, JPKP.

  10. JPK, “New Blood in American Shipping,” Vital Speeches of the Day, vol. 3, issue 317, June 15, 1937, 532–35.

  11. Oursler to FDR, June 7, 1937; FDR to JPK, June 18, 1937, OF 1705, FDRL.

  12. JPK to Davenport, May 25, 1937, Smith, HTF, 211.

  13. JPK to Davenport, Aug. 6, 1937, Smith, HTF, 212.

  14. JPK to Galeazzi, Aug. 25, 1937, Smith, HTF, 213.

  15. Herrick to REFK, June 16, 1937; Rohde to REFK, Oct. 18, 1936, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  16. Rohde to REFK, Oct. 18, 1936, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  17. Dearborn to REFK, June 28, 1937, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  18. Hourigan to REFK, July 23, 1937, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  19. REFK, diary notes, box 10, REFKP.

  20. Dearborn to REFK, June 28, 1937, w.b. 3, JPKP.

  21. Hennessey-Donovan, oral history, Sept. 25, 1991, 1–2, JFKOHP; JPK to Cummings, Sept. 9, 1937, w.b. 32, JPKP.

  22. JPK to FDR; JPK to JR, Sept. 8, 1937, OF 1705, FDRL.

  23. Krock, Memoirs, 332.

  24. NYT, Sept. 11, 1937; Time, Sept. 20, 1937.

  25. Curran and Perkins correspondence, OF 1705, FDRL; JPK to Curran, Nov. 4, 1937, Smith, HTF, 215–16.

  26. FDR [dictated by James Roosevelt] to JPK, July 10, 1937, OF 1705, FDRL.

  27. Klemmer, Philip Whitehead et al., The Kennedys, DVD (Thames/PBS, 1992); JPK to Wesley Stout, Nov. 7, 1937, Smith, HTF, 216; NYT, Nov. 11, 1937.

  28. NYT, Dec. 3, 1937.

  29. JPK to BB, Mar. 3, 1937, PPF 207, FDRL.

  30. NYT, Dec. 8, 1937, 1, 22.

  31. James Roosevelt, My Parents, 208–9.

  32. Krock, Memoirs, 333.

  33. Byrnes to JPK, Dec. 13, 1937, Byrnes; Krock to JPK, Dec. 8, 1938, box 93, JPKP; FDR to Welles, Jan. 7, 1938, in Benjamin Welles, Sumner Welles: FDR’s Global Strategist (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1997), 200.

  34. Morgenthau, diaries, Dec. 8, 1937, vol. 101, Morgenthau.

  35. Ickes, diary, Dec. 18, 1937, Ickes.

  36. Carter to JPK, Dec. 28, 1937, box 90, JPKP.

  37. JPK to Byrnes, Dec. 23, 1937, Smith, HTF, 219–20.

  38. Morgenthau, diaries, transcript of telephone conversation, vol. 107, Jan. 28, 1938, Morgenthau.

  39. Carter to JPK, Dec. 28, 1937, box 90, JPKP.

  40. NYT, Feb. 17, 1938, 1, 15; Time, Feb. 28, 1938.

  41. Time, Feb. 28, 1938.

  FIFTEEN: A PLAINSPOKEN AMBASSADOR

  1. JPK, diary, Feb. 22, 1938, Smith, HTF, 236–37.

  2. NYT, Feb. 23, 1938.

  3. JPK, diary, Feb. 23, 1938, Smith, HTF, 237.

  4. NYT, Mar. 13, 1938.

  5. Byrnes to JPK, Feb. 21, 1938, box 47, Byrnes.

  6. Time, July 5, 1937; FDR to Young, Jan. 28, 1938, in author’s possession.

  7. JPK to JR, Mar. 3, 1938, Smith, HTF, 237–39.

  8. Moore to Murphy, Mar. 6, 1940, box 134; JPK to Offie, May 13, 1938, w.b. 32, JPKP.

  9. JPK, diary, Mar. 2–9, 11, 1938, box 100, JPKP.

  10. Wise to FDR, Mar. 4, 1938, PSF 37, FDRL.

  11. Saul Friedländer, Nazi Germany and the Jews (New York: HarperCollins, 1
997), 1:168.

  12. Wise to Szold, Mar. 1, 1938, Weizmann Archives; Wise to FDR, Mar. 4, 1938, PSF 37, FDRL.

  13. JPK to JR, Mar. 3, 1938, Smith, HTF, 239.

  14. FDR, Quarantine Speech, Oct. 5, 1937, http://millercenter.org/president/speeches/detail/3310.

  15. JPK, diary, Mar. 2, 1938, box 100, JPKP.

  16. NYT, Mar. 5, 1938.

  17. JPK to FDR, Mar. 11, 1938, Smith, HTF, 240–43.

  18. Diaries of Sir Alexander Cadogan, 1838–1945, ed. David Dilks (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1972), 62.

  19. Winston S. Churchill, “The Annexation of Austria, March 14, 1938,” in Churchill, His Complete Speeches (New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1974), 6:5, 923–27.

  20. JPK, diary, Mar. 4, 1938, Smith, HTF, 239.

  21. Hinton to JPK, Feb. 3, 1938, box 93, JPKP.

  22. Moffat, diary, Mar. 11, 12, 1938, Moffat; Hull to JPK, Mar. 11, 1938, box 265, Hornbeck.

  23. Moffat to JPK, Mar. 14, 1938, Moffat; Hull to JPK, Mar. 14, 1938, box 265, Hornbeck.

  24. JPK, diary, Mar. 15, 1938, box 100, JPKP.

  25. Moffat, diary, Mar. 15, 1938, Moffat; transcript of telephone conversation between Hull and Kennedy, Mar. 15, 1938, box 66, Hull.

  26. Moffat, diary, Mar. 15, 1938, Moffat.

  27. JPK, Pilgrims Society speech, Mar. 18, 1938, box 155, JPKP.

  28. Dieckhoff to German Foreign Ministry, Mar. 22, 1938, in Documents on German Foreign Policy, series D, vol. 1, From Neurath to Ribbentrop (Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1949), 694–95.

  29. JPK to Corcoran, Apr. 2, 1938, box 104, JPKP.

  30. Transcript of telephone conversation, JPK to Hull, Mar. 30, 1938, box 66, Hull.

  31. JPK to JF, Apr. 7, 1938, box 107, JPKP.

  32. New York World Telegram, Mar. 9, 1938.

  33. Lord Harlech, Aug. 27, 1969, Robert F. Kennedy Oral History Program, JFKL.

  34. EMK, TC, 54–55.

  35. REFK, diary, Mar. 24, Apr. 10, 1938, box 1, 2, REFKP.

  36. Washington Herald, Apr. 27, 1938.

  37. JPK to JF, Apr. 7, 1938, box 107, JPKP.

  38. JPK, diary, May 30, 1938, box 100, JPKP; REFK, diary, May 17, 1938, Smith, HTF, 238; CBL, appointment calendar, 1938, box 29, CBLP; Luce, oral history, Nov. 11, 1965, 8, JFKOHP.

  39. JPK, appointment books, box 99, 100, JPKP; EMK to author, Aug. 21, 2007.

  40. Moore to Murphy, May 19, 1939, box 135, JPKP.

  41. Styne to Kirstein, Apr. 16, 1938, Kirstein.