by E. J. Wagner
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———. Murder Squad: Famous Cases of Scotland Yard’s Murder Squad. London: Granada Publishing, 1981.
Turner, E. S. Call the Doctor: A Social History of Medical Men. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1959.
———. May It Please Your Lordship. London: The Quality Book Club, 1972.
Tussaud, John Theodore. The Romance of Madame Tussaud’s. New York: George H. Doran Company, 1920.
Ubelaker, Douglas, and Henry Scammell. Bones: A Forensic Detective’s Casebook. New York: Harper Collins, 1992.
Underwood, Peter. Jack the Ripper: One Hundred Years of Mystery. London: Javelin Books, 1988.
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Interviews
Dal Cortivo, Leo, Ph.D. (head of toxicology, director of laboratories, Suffolk County Office of the Medical Examiner). Interviewed by the author, 1983.
Davis, Joseph, M.D. (chief emeritus, Miami-Dade County Medical Examiner Department). Interviewed by the author, 1993.
Ehrenreich, Theodore, M.D. (late, head of clinical pathology and laboratories, Lutheran Medical Center; consultant to New York City Office of the Medical Examiner). Discussions with the author, 1973–1980.
Helpern, Milton, M.D. (late, chief medical examiner, New York City). Interviewed by the author, 1972 and 1973.
Menchel, Sigmund, M.D. (former chief medical examiner, Suffolk County Office of the Medical Examiner). Interview and discussions with the author, 1983–1990.
Internet Resources (Web sites listed by site name)
Casebook: Jack the Ripper. Produced by Stephen P. Ryder and Johnno. http://www.casebook.org/
Center for History of Medicine, Harvard University Countway Library of Medicine. http://www.countway.harvard.edu/rarebooks/
Forensic-Evidence.com. Andre A. Moenssens, editor. http://www .forensic-evidence.com/
Forensic Medicine Archives Project. University of Glasgow. http:// www.fmap.archives.gla.ac.uk/
Hypertext Scholarship in American Studies. Center for History & New Media (CHNM) at George Mason University. http://chnm.gmu .edu/aq/—including “Hearsay of the Sun: Photography, Identity, and the Law of Evidence in NineteenthCentury American Courts” by Thomas Thurston (including footnotes with many links to other related online resources) at http://chnm.gmu.edu/aq/photos/
The Old Operating Theatre Museum and Herb Garret (London). Cultural Heritage Resources. http://www.thegarret.org.uk/
The Victorian Dictionary: The Social History of Victorian London. Compiled by Lee Jackson. http://www.victorianlondon.org/
Zeno’s Forensic Site. Zeno Geradts. http://forensic.to/
Index
“Adventure of Black Peter, The,” 151 “Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place,
The,” 27, 149–150
“Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle,
The,” 191
“Adventure of the Bruce Partington
Plans, The,” 174
“Adventure of the Cardboard Box,
The,” 198
“Adventure of the Copper Beeches,
The,” 198
“Adventure of the Creeping Man, The,”
27, 108
“Adventure of the Dancing Men, The,”
58, 119
“Adventure of the Devil’s Foot, The,”
41–42, 201
“Adventure of the Empty House, The,”
119, 212
“Adventure of the Golden PinceNez,
The,” 88, 89
“Adventure of the Lion’s Mane, The,”
31, 39
“Adventure of the Missing Three
Quarter, The,” 26
“Adventure of the Norwood Builder,
The,” 88, 89, 91, 104, 155
“Adventure of the Red Circle, The,”
155–156
“Adventure of the Six Napoleons, The,”
167
“Adventure of the Speckled Band, The,”
31, 41–42, 43–44, 51, 87
“Adventure of the Sussex Vampire,
The,” 153–154, 201–202, 203, 204,
206
“Adventure of the Three Gables, The,”
109
anatomical studies, 4–6, 11, 16
animals, 18–29, 31, 37, 89–90, 194 blood analysis and, 185–187, 189 as crime accomplices, 87, 108–109 as forensic aids, 28–29
mutilations of, 75, 84–86, 189
poisonous substances from, 43, 45 superstitions about, 25
See also insects
anonymous letters, 164–165, 166 anthropometry, 98–99, 103, 105, 106,
163
/> antidotes, ineffective, 46
anti-Semitism, 12–15, 83, 162, 194 Anubis (Egyptian god), 25, 29
Aqua Tofana, 47–48
Armstrong, Neil, 144
arsenic, 43, 45–46, 213
tests for, 48–49, 51, 52–53, 55–56 autopsy, 11–16, 37
anatomical dissection vs., 7
description of, 11
at home, 179, 189–190
pathologist’s hazards from, 15–16 tools for, 16, 190
Bahamas, 156
Baker, Cecil, 76
Baker Street, 61, 75
Ballets Russes, 150
ballistics, 16, 119–132, 145, 210–211
three specialized areas, 131
Balthazard, Victor, 124
Balzac, Honoré de, 65, 66
Bankes, Isabella, 51, 52–54
Barlow, Elizabeth and Kenneth, 44–45 Barry, James, 74–75
Bartholin, Caspar, 11
Bartlett, Adelaide, 42
Baskervilles, 18–19, 193
Bay Shore, Long Island, 88–89 Beers, Katie, 88–89
bees, 39
beetles, 37, 38
Belki, Johannes, 14
Bell, John, 4
Bell, Joseph, 54, 55–56
Belper, Lord, 106
Bemis, George, 160
Bergeret, M., 36
Bernhardt, Sarah, 62
Bertillon, Alphonse, 97–98, 103,
104–105, 106, 109
Dreyfus case and, 162–163, 164, 212 Bertillon, Louis Adolphe, 97, 98 bertillonage, 99, 103, 105, 106
235
bestiality, 27–28
bezoar stones, 46–47
Black Death, 194
Black Dog, 18–26, 29
Blair, Tony, 167
Blandy, Mary, 48
bloodhounds, 27
bloodstains, 169–190
animal vs. human, 185–187, 189 basic tests for, 170–173, 174–175 photomicrographs of, 185–186 spectral analysis of, 175–177, 185
blood typing, 186–187
bodies. See cadavers; human body body stealing, 7, 10, 12, 162
Borden, Lizzie, 177–179, 185
Borden murders, 177–185
“Boscombe Valley Mystery, The,” 89,
119, 135, 154, 198
Bothwell, Earl of, 158
Bow Street Runners, 69, 70, 120–123, 131
“brain fever,” 198–199
branding, 92, 94
Bravo, Charles and Florence, 42 Brigade de la Sûreté, 65, 96, 120, 166 Briggs, Thomas, 173–174, 177
Brinvilliers, Madame de, 47–48
British Phrenological Society, 192–193 Brouardel, Paul, 5, 36–37
Brown, Frances, 167–168
Brun, Anna, 49, 50, 51
bullets. See ballistics
Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm von, 175–176 Bureau des Renseignements, Le, 67 burglary, 121–122, 143–144
Burke (seller of murdered corpses), 7 Burton, Richard, 67–68
butterfly collection, 38
cadavers, 4–12
arsenic absorption by, 56
description of, 8–9
dissection rooms for, 9–10 embalming of, 29, 56
exhumation of, 202–203, 213 insect infestation of, 34–39, 203 myths about, 203, 207
removal from crime scene of, 90 systematic approach to, 80
trace evidence at, 146–156
time of death of, 5, 8, 36, 37
See also autopsy; dissection
“Cardboard Box, The,” 9
“Case of Identity, A,” 74, 165–166 Casket Letters, 158–159
Catherine de Medici, 47
Cerberus (mythic dog), 24
Chantrelle, Eugene Marie, 54–55 Chapman, Henry, 176, 207
Charles IX, King (France), 46–47 Chesney, Ronald (pseud.), 130
childbirth, 11–12, 16, 35–36
children
crib death and, 211–212
disappearance of, 88–89
fingerprints of, 104, 109
murder of, 11–12, 35–38, 42
vampirism and, 203–207
werewolf legend and, 187–188 China, ancient, 33–34
Christmas orchid, 32, 39
Churchill, Lady Randolph (Jenny Jerome), 93
Churchill, Robert, 129, 131
Churchill, Winston, 93
City of Manchester (ship), 174
Clark, Rutherford, 139
Clark, Sally, 212
clothing tests, 147, 148
coccyx, 26
Conan Doyle, Sir Arthur. See Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan
convict markings, 92–93
Cook, Roland, 211
Coppolino, Carmela and Carl, 59 corpses. See cadavers
corpus delicti, 153
cosmetics, 150–151
crib deaths, 211–212
crime scene, 76–90
acute observation of, 33, 88, 89 animals as clue sources at, 28–29 bloodstains at, 174–177, 180–182 detailed investigation of, 22–23, 76–77, 89
fingerprint collection at, 102, 110 footprint identification at, 144–145 hiding places at, 86–89
mishandling of, 81–84, 85, 126, 181
criminals
disguises of, 68–74
methods of identifying, 92–110 trace evidence on, 149, 151, 155
criminal type, 191–193, 195, 196–198 Crippen, Hawley Harvey (Dr. Crippen),
51, 71–74, 129, 174
“Crooked Man, The,” 198
Cunningham, Alec, 128
Curry, A. S., 45
Daguerre, Louis Jacques, 97
daguerreotypes, 97
Dartmoor Prison, 18, 19
Darwin, Charles, 32–33, 39, 102
Davos World Economic Forum, 167 Day of Judgment, 26
Deas, Lord, 138, 140
Demerol, 59
detectives
at crime scene, 76–90
disguises of, 61–62, 65–67
first agencies of, 67, 120
freelance private, 68, 143, 206
Dew, Walter, 72–73, 74, 174
Diaghilev, Sergei, 150
diatoms, 156
Dickman, John Alexander, 190
diener, origin of term, 16
Digby, Sir Kenelme, 194, 195, 198 Disch, Eva, 146, 147
diseases. See medicine
disguises, 61–75
Disraeli, Benjamin, 96
dissection, 3–10
cadaver arrangement, 10
historical resistance to, 6–7, 25–26, 29 medicolegal autopsy vs. anatomical, 11 new technique, 6
dissection room, description of, 9–10 DNA, 29, 39, 110
document authenticity. See questioned
documents
dogs, 18–28, 90
Dolan, William, 180–182, 183
Dooling, Assistant District Attorney,
210, 211
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, 38, 39, 77, 79, 80, 92, 106, 156, 165, 166, 206 Black Dog legend and, 17–20, 26 Burton’s exploits and, 68 criminal identification and, 94, 99 document authenticity and, 158 Edalji case and, 85 medical mentor of, 54 phrenology and, 192 poison deaths and, 41–42 scientific atmosphere and, 31–32 See also Holmes, Sherlock Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, works of “Adventure of Black Peter, The,” 151 “Adventure of Shoscombe Old Place, The,” 27, 149–150 “Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle, The,” 191 “Adventure of the Bruce Partington Plans, The,” 174 “Adventure of the Cardboard Box, The,” 198 “Adventure of the Copper Beeches, The,” 198 “Adventure of the Creeping Man, The,” 27, 108 “Adventure of the Dancing Men, The,” 58, 119 “Adventure of the Devil’s Foot, The,” 41–42, 201 “Adventure of the Empty House, The,” 119, 212 “Adventure of the Golden PinceNez, The,” 88, 89 “Adventure of the Lion’s Mane, The,” 31, 39 “Adventure of the Missing Three Quarter, The,” 26 “Adventure of the Norwood Builder, The,” 88, 89, 91, 104, 155 “Adventure of the Red Circle, The,” 155–156 “Adventure of the Six Napoleons, The,” 167 “Adventure of the Speckled Band, The,” 31
, 41–42, 43–44, 51, 87 “Adventure of the Sussex Vampire, The,” 153–154, 201–202, 203, 204, 206
Doyle, Sir Arthur Conan, works of
(continued)
“Adventure of the Three Gables,
The,” 109
“Boscombe Valley Mystery, The,” 89,
119, 135, 154, 198
“Cardboard Box, The,” 9
“Case of Identity, A,” 74, 165–166 “Crooked Man, The,” 198
“Dying Detective, The,” 66–67 “Final Problem, The,” 192, 195 “His Last Bow,” 39
Hound of the Baskervilles, The, 17,
18–20, 26, 29, 31, 32, 38, 161, 193 “Lost World, The,” 68
“Man with the Twisted Lip, The,” 68,
70, 71, 157–158, 164
“Musgrave Ritual, The,” 198
“Naval Treaty, The,” 99, 198
“Problem of Thor Bridge, The,” 141 “Red Headed League, The,” 93 “Reigate Squires, The,” 122, 128,
195
“Resident Patient, The,” 8
“Scandal in Bohemia, A,” 61–62 Sign of Four, The, 15, 89, 146
Study in Scarlet, A, 1, 2, 31, 91, 158,
166, 212; corpse description, 8–9;
crime scene clues, 76–77, 79–80, 85;
footprint tracing, 133; hemoglobin
test, 169–170, 172; poison use,
41–42, 43, 47–48, 58; U.S. publication of, 58; Utah locale section of,
68
Valley of Fear, The, 61, 76, 91, 94 “Yellow Face, The,” 131
Doyle, Charles, 42
Dreyfus, Alfred, 162–165, 212 drowning cases, 156
drugs, 45, 55, 57–58, 59
Dugdale, Richard L., 197–198 Dumas, Alexandre (père), 51, 65, 66 Duncan, Helen, 29–30
DurandDeacon, Henrietta, 151–155 Duse, Eleanor, 62
dust particles, 89, 146–147, 149 Dyer, Elizabeth, 54
“Dying Detective, The,” 66–67 Edalji, George, 84–86
Eddoes, Catherine, 83
Edinburgh Medical School, 59–60, 74 Egyptian mythology, 24–25, 29 Elizabeth I, Queen (England), 158–159 Elmore, Belle, 72, 73
Elwell, Helen, 209
Elwell, Joseph Bowne, 208–211 embalming, 29, 56
encephalitis, 198–199
entomology. See insects
Esposito, John, 88–89
eugenics, 197–198
evidence
ballistic, 119–120
bloodstains as, 174–177, 183–185 collection of, 89
as corpus delicti, 153
documents as, 157–168
fingerprints as, 101–110, 134, 166 footprints as, 137–145
in hidden places, 86–87