The Secret Lives of Color

  Aztecs 130–1, 136, 141–2, 268, 270

  azurite 82, 196

  B

  Baeyer, Adolf von 192

  Bahia emerald 220–1

  Baker, Gene 118

  Baker-Miller pink 117, 118–9

  Bali 82

  Bamiyan statues 182

  Barzini, Luigi 148–9

  Batchelor, David 40–1

  Baum, L. Frank 220

  Beardsley, Aubrey 64

  Beechey, Sir William 254

  beige 58–9, 110, 246

  Berenson, Marisa 127

  Berlin, Brent 34

  Berny, Pierre de 200

  birds 278–9

  Biston betularia f. typica 275

  bitumen 253

  black 17, 19, 228, 261–81

  Bloch-Bauer, Adele 86, 89

  blonde 65, 67–8

  blue 13, 115, 179–205, 228

  blueprints 195

  Boccumini, Paul 118

  Boistard, Pascale 117

  Boogert, A. 26

  Borghese, Prince 148–9

  Botticelli 88

  Boucher, François 116

  Boudicca 104

  boys 115

  Brant, Isabella 69

  Brassaï 205

  British Colour Council (BCC) 256–7

  brown 21, 228, 237–57

  Buddhism 100, 209

  buff 239, 242–3

  Burgess, Anthony 95

  Burne-Jones, Edward 185, 255

  Burton, Sarah 47–8

  C

  Caesar, Julius 162

  Cambodia 80

  Cambridge, Duchess of 48

  camouflage 120–1, 239, 241

  caracol 160

  Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi 238, 250, 251–2

  Carl, Katharine Augusta 84

  carrots 97

  Cartailhac, Émile 274

  Carthaginians 86

  Casagemas, Carlos 204

  Castiglione, Baldassare 262

  Catholics 96, 131, 138, 139, 140, 142, 223

  cave art 21, 228, 237, 250–1, 262, 274–5

  celadon 232–3

  Celts 181, 199

  Cennini, Cennino 57, 82, 83, 88, 182, 183, 215, 228–9

  Cerro Rico de Potosí 49, 51

  cerulean 204–5

  Cézanne, Paul 77, 174

  chalk 56–7

  charcoal 21, 262, 274–5

  Charlemagne 139

  Chaucer, Geoffrey 140

  Chernobyl 201–2

  China 30

  blue 192

  celadon 232–3

  cosmetics 45, 109

  ink 271–3

  ivory 48

  red 136, 142–3, 146–7, 150–1

  white 41

  yellow 65, 80, 82, 84–5

  Christianity 33

  black 261, 262, 269, 279, 280

  blue 180

  Eve 68

  gold 87

  illuminated manuscripts 23,

  107–8, 146, 273

  scarlet 140

  Virgin Mary 68, 87, 115,

  180, 181, 184–5

  see also Catholics; Protestants

  Christison, Dr. Robert 81

  chrome yellow 76, 78–9, 94

  Churchill, Winston 126, 279

  Cixi, Empress Dowager 84

  Cleopatra 99–100, 162

  cobalt 180, 187–8, 204–5

  Coca-Cola 137

  coccolithophores 56

  cochineal 136, 138,140, 141–3, 152–3, 193

  Codex exoniensis 244

  Colliss-Harvey, Jacky 104

  color: artists 21–4

  and culture 29–31

  and language 33–5

  mapping 26–7, 256–7

  mixing 17–19

  and vision 13–15

  Constable, John 194

  cosmetics 45–6, 109, 264–5

  cosmic latte 58

  Courrèges, André 49

  Crayola 128

  crocoite 78–9

  Crocus sativus 98–9

  Cromwell, Oliver 140, 247

  Crowley, Aleister 140

  cuttlefish 248

  Cynips quercusfolii 272

  D

  Dactylopius coccus 141

  Dalí, Salvador 77, 126

  Dass, Angélica 111

  de Wolfe, Elsie 58

  death 172–3, 180, 261–2, 276–7, 280–1

  Dee, Dr. John 261, 268–9

  deer 244–5

  Defoe, Daniel 57

  Delacroix, Eugène 254

  Democritus 210

  Desmoulins, Camille 223

  devil 213, 269

  Dewhurst, Richard 71

  Dickens, Charles 224

  Diesbach, Johann Jacob 193

  Dio Cassius 104

  Diocletian 163–4

  Dippel, Johann Konrad 193, 194

  dragon’s blood 154–5

  Drebbel, Cornelius 140

  Drölling, Martin 254

  Dryden, Helen 94

  Dürer, Albrecht 184

  d’Urfé, Honoré 232

  Dutch orange 93–4, 96–7, 223

  Duthé, Rosalie 67

  E

  Egypt: amber 102

  black 261, 262, 280–1

  blue 190, 196–7

  brown 238

  emeralds 220

  green 209

  hematite 135–6, 150, 151

  ink 271

  kohl 264–5

  madder 152

  mummies 135–6, 150, 253–5

  silver 50

  yellow 77, 82

  Egyptian blue 21, 180, 183–4, 196–7

  electric blue 201–3

  Elizabeth I 54, 105, 139

  Elizabeth II 171

  Elizabeth of York 93

  emerald 212–13, 220–1

  emojis 74–5

  Estienne, Henri 211

  Etruscans 102

  Eugénie, Empress 170

  Eve 68

  F

  Fahlman, Scott E. 75

  fallow 244–5

  Federigo 165–6

  Fellowes, Daisy 116, 126

  Ferrari, Enzo 149

  Field, George: chalk 56

  cobalt 188

  dragon’s blood 155

  gamboge 80

  Indian yellow 71

  madder 153

  minium 109

  Naples yellow 76–7

  Prussian blue 194

  sepia 249

  terre verte 227–8

  umber 250

  Finderlers, Jobst 100

  Fini, Leonor 126

  Finlay, Victoria 72–3

  fluorescent pink 128–9

  Ford, Henry 29

  Fragonard, Jean-Honoré 116

  France: absinthe 217–18, 219

  blue 181, 192, 204

  green 211, 223

  madder 153

  puce 122–3

  yellow 63

  François I 87, 253–4

  Fuchs, Leonard 124–5

  fuchsia 124–5

  G

  gamboge 64, 71, 80–1, 194

  Garcinia trees 80

  Gauguin, Paul 78, 95, 217

  Geiger, Lazarus 33–4

  gender 115–17

  Gentlemen Prefer Blondes 68, 127

  Gérard, Balthasar 96

  Germany: blue 200

  ravens 278–9

  ginger 104–6, 137

  Giotto 69, 8
7

  girls 115

  Gladstone, William Ewart 33

  Gladzor Gospels 107–8, 109

  Gmelin, Christian 185

  Godlove, Isaac H. 27

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von 28

  Goguryeo 43

  gold 50, 86–9, 130, 142, 145, 146, 237

  Golden Gate Bridge 94

  Goswamy, B. N. 65

  Greeks 21, 30, 33, 35, 42, 276

  amber 102–3

  blonde 67

  brown 238

  cosmetics 45, 109

  green 210

  hematite 151

  night 280

  saffron 98

  green 13, 19, 209–33, 228

  Greifswald 49–50

  Grimes, William Francis 57

  Guerrilla Girls 117

  Guimet, Jean-Baptiste 185–6

  Guyton de Morveau, Louis-Bernard 40

  H

  hair 65, 67–8, 104–6

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel 136–7

  heliotrope 172–3

  Hellot, Jean 195

  hematite 88, 136, 150–1, 228, 250

  Henry VIII 87, 105

  Hermès 94

  Herschel, John 194–5

  highlighter pens 128–9

  Hinduism 204, 261, 280–1

  Hippocrates 124

  Hispaniola 125

  Hogarth, William 194

  Hooker, Sir Joseph 71–3

  Hooker, William 81

  Horace 160

  Houbraken, Arnold 56

  Hubbard, L. Ron 204

  I

  illness 64

  illuminated manuscripts 23, 107–8, 146

  imperial yellow 65, 84–5

  impressionists 20, 78, 94–5, 174–5, 237

  Inca 136, 141, 142

  India: gamboge 80

  gold 66

  madder 152

  pink 116

  saffron 100

  yellow 65, 71–3

  Indian yellow 64, 71–3

  indigo 167, 180–1, 189–92,193, 198, 200

  ink 271–3

  Innocent III 210

  Iran 98

  Iraq 98

  Ireland 94, 222–3

  Isabella, Archduchess 54–5

  isabelline 54–5

  Isatis tinctoria 198–9

  Islam 33, 209, 213, 273

  Ive, Jonathan 41

  ivory 47–8

  J

  Jackson, Holbrook 64

  Jacobi, Richard 70

  Japan 30

  blue 192, 194

  gamboge 80

  lead white 45

  purple 160

  white 41

  Java 82

  jeans 192

  jet 276–7

  Jews 65

  Jobs, Steve 41–2

  Johnson, Samuel 256, 257, 279

  Jurassic Park 102

  K

  Kandinsky, Wassily 93, 94, 147, 213

  Kapoor, Anish 137, 194

  Kay, Paul 34

  Keeler, Clyde 179

  kelly green 222–3

  Kentucky 52

  Key, Adriaen Thomasz 96

  khaki 239, 240–1

  Khan, Naeem 110

  Kipling, Rudyard 255

  Klein, Calvin 41

  Klein, Yves 186

  Klimt, Gustav 86, 89

  kohl 264–5

  L

  Lacaze-Duthiers, Henri de 164

  Lacroix, Christian 127

  lampblack 271–2

  Langland, William 247

  language 33–5, 116

  lapis lazuli 182–4

  Lascaux 228, 251

  Le Corbusier 29–30, 41

  Le Gallienne, Richard 63, 66

  lead white 39–40, 43–6, 70, 108, 193, 215, 227

  lead-tin yellow 44, 69–70

  Leonardo da Vinci 146, 249,262–3

  Levy, Adrian 103

  Lewis Chessmen 47

  lichens 161, 165–6

  light: and black 261

  blue 179

  color mixing 17–9

  visible spectrum 13, 14–5, 128

  and vision 13–5, 39

  Lippi, Filippino 184

  London, Jack 65

  Loos, Anita 68

  Louboutin, Christian 111

  Louis XVI 122–3

  Lundquist, Oliver 204

  M

  Macmillan, Harold 243

  madder 152–3, 192, 199–200, 246

  Maerz, A. 246, 256–7

  magenta 26, 135, 167–8

  Magnan, Valentine 218

  makeup 45–6, 109, 264–5

  Malevich, Kazimir 41, 263

  Manet, Édouard 175

  maraschino cherries 131

  Maria Theresa, Empress 122

  Marie Antoinette 122–3

  Marino Mannoia, Francesco

  “Mozzarella” 251–2

  Martial 248–9

  Mary, Queen of Scots 138, 139

  Mary, Virgin 68, 87, 115, 180, 181, 184–5

  mauve 21, 152, 159, 161, 164, 167, 169–71, 172, 277

  melanin 248, 278–9

  Melville, Herman 29, 39

  Mérimée, Jean François

  Léonor 71

  Mexico 130–1

  Midas 88

  Millais, Sir John Everett 105

  Miller, Ron 118

  Milton, John 68, 130

  minium 94, 107–9

  Miró, Joan 179

  Mirzapur 72–3

  Modigliani, Amedeo 105

  moles 256–7

  Monet, Claude 94, 174, 175,194

  Monroe, Marilyn 68, 116, 127

  Morris, William 185, 198

  Morrow, Irving 94

  Mountbatten, Lord 120–1

  Mountbatten pink 120–1

  mourning 172–3, 180, 276–7, 281

  Mukharji, Trailokyanath 72–3

  mummy 253–5

  Munch, Edvard 30, 95

  Munsell, Albert Henry 256

  Murex brandaris 162, 163, 164, 165

  Murray, Thomas 96

  Musa 86–7

  N

  Naples yellow 64, 70, 76–7

  Napoleon 224, 226

  Nazis 67, 89, 101

  Neri di Bicci 44

  Nero 163, 220

  Netherlands 93, 96–7

  New York 97

  Newton, Sir Isaac 16, 17, 19, 30, 268

  Nicander 45

  night 280

  nude 110–1

  O

  oak tree 272

  Obama, Michelle 110

  Oberkirch, Baronne d’ 123

  obsidian 261, 268–70

  ocher 82, 94

  Odin 278

  Oenanthe isabellina 54

  orange 13, 14, 19, 93–111, 223

  Ordinaire, Pierre 217

  orpiment 64, 82–3, 194, 227

  Osiris 136, 150, 281

  Owens, Mitchell 126

  P

  Palladio, Andrea 42

  Pantone 26, 204, 209

  Pastoureau, Michel 25

  Patrick, St. 222–3

  Paul II, Pope 139

  Paul, M. Rea 246, 256–7

  Payne, William 266–7

  Payne’s gray 266–7

  Peking-to-Paris race 148–9

  penguins 55

  peppered moths 275

  Perkin, William 21, 152, 153, 161, 169–70

  Perrin, Jean 81

  Peru 137

 
Phaeton 103

  Philip II 142

  Philip the Good 263

  Picasso, Pablo 194, 204, 205

  pink 115–31

  Pissarro, Camille 174, 237

  pitch black 280–1

  plague 52

  Plato 210

  Pliny the Elder 21, 124

  bitumen 253

  blue 180

  cochineal 136, 138

  dragon’s blood 154–5

  gold 88–9

  lead white 39, 43

  madder 152

  minium 109

  orpiment 82

  Tyrian purple 159, 160, 162

  vermilion 145

  Plumier, Père Charles 125

  Poe, Edgar Allan 63, 217

  Pompadour, Madame de 116

  Pompeii 144, 152

  Pozzo, Andrea 76

  Pre-Raphaelites 105, 137

  prisons 118–9

  prostitutes 67, 136

  Protestants 29, 94, 96–7, 223

  Prussian blue 81, 193–5, 239

  puce 122–3

  punk 128

  purgatives 81, 82

  purple 19, 159–75

  R

  Rabbane, Paco 49

  Radhakrishnan, Dr. S. 100

  Raphael 215

  rave culture 74–5

  ravens 278–9

  red 13, 14, 135–55, 228

  redheads 104–6, 137

  Rehmannia glutinosa 85

  Reid, Jamie 128

  Rembrandt 69, 81, 238, 251, 263

  Renoir, Pierre-Auguste 20, 261

  Reynolds, Sir Joshua 81, 266

  Richard II 139

  Roccella tinctoria 161, 165

  Rodin, Auguste 42

  Roger, Neil Munro 171

  Romans 30, 42

  amber 102

  blonde 67

  blue 179–80

  brown 238

  Egyptian blue 196–7

  emerald 220

  indigo 191

  jet 276

  orpiment 82

  purple 160, 162–4

  red 135, 136, 140

  sepia 248–9

  vermilion 144–5

  Rossetti, Dante Gabriel 105,185

  rosso corsa 148–9

  Rothko, Mark 137

  Rubens, Peter Paul 69, 147

  Rumphius, Georg Eberhard 82–3

  Ruskin, John 32, 279

  russet 31, 239, 246–7

  S

  saffron 78, 98–100

  Sano di Pietro 185

  Santa Barbara 230

  Sarto, Andrea del 185

  Sassoferrato, Giovanni Battista Salvi da 185

  scarlet 31, 138–40, 199, 239, 246, 263

  Scarlet Letter, The (Hawthorne) 136–7

  Schauss, Alexander G. 118–9

  Scheele, Carl Wilhelm 211–2, 224, 225–6

  Scheele’s green 211–2, 224–6

  Schiaparelli, Elsa 116, 126–7

  Schlüter, Andreas 101

  Schulz, Gottfried 146

  Scientology 204

  Scott-Clark, Cathy 103

  sepia 248–9

  Seurat, Georges 212