by John Guy
74 Machyn, p. 35; Whitelock and MacCulloch, ‘Princess Mary’s Household and the Succession Crisis’, pp. 265–6.
75 Machyn, p. 35.
76 The Accession, Coronation and Marriage of Mary Tudor as related in Four Manuscripts of the Escorial, ed. C. V. Malfatti (Barcelona: Sociedad Alianza de Artes Graficas, 1956), p. 48.
77 Letters of Roger Ascham, p. 145; J. Guy, ‘The Story of Lady Jane Grey’, in Painting History: Delaroche and Lady Jane Grey, ed. S. Bann and L. Whiteley (London, 2010), pp. 9–15.
78 Chronicle, p. 101.
79 Accession, Coronation and Marriage of Mary Tudor, p. 7; Whitelock and MacCulloch, ‘Princess Mary’s Household and the Succession Crisis’, pp. 266, 276.
80 BL, Harleian MS 416, fos. 30–1v; Loseley Manuscripts, pp. 124–6.
81 Bryson PhD, p. 280.
82 Machyn, p. 37.
83 Machyn, p. 37.
84 Machyn, pp. 38–9; Wriothesley, II, pp. 93–4.
85 KB 8/23; Chronicle, p. 32.
86 Chronicle, p. 25; Accession, Coronation and Marriage of Mary Tudor, pp. 45–9.
Chapter 8 notes
1 CSPV, V, no. 934; CSPV, VI, ii, no. 884.
2 CSPSp, XI, pp. 344, 357, 371, 439; CSPV, V, no. 934; CSPV, VI, ii, no. 884; Keynes, ‘Aching Head and Increasing Blindness’, pp. 106–8.
3 CSPSp, XI, pp. 238–9; A. Hunt, ‘The Monarchical Republic of Mary I’, HJ, 52 (2009), pp. 560–6.
4 Machyn, pp. 45–6.
5 APC, II, pp. 30–1; CSPSp, XI, pp. 220, 240; Accession, Coronation and Marriage of Mary Tudor, p. 34; Hunt, ‘Monarchical Republic’, pp. 562–5; D. Hoak, ‘The Coronations of Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I, and the Transformation of the Tudor Monarchy’, in Westminster Abbey Reformed, 1540–1640, ed. C. S. Knighton and R. Mortimer (Aldershot, 2003), pp. 136–7.
6 CSPSp, XI, p. 151; T. S. Freeman, ‘“As True a Subiect being Prysoner”: John Foxe’s Notes on the Imprisonment of Princess Elizabeth, 1554–5’, EHR, 117 (2002), p. 107.
7 CSPSp, XI, p. 220.
8 CSPSp, XI, p. 221; Starkey, Elizabeth, p. 120.
9 CSPSp, XI, p. 240.
10 Freeman, ‘John Foxe’s Notes’, p. 107; CSPV, V, no. 934; CSPC, VI, ii, no. 884.
11 CSPSp, XI, pp. 411, 418, 440.
12 CSPV, V, no. 934.
13 D. M. Loades, ‘Philip II and the English’, in Felipe II (1598–1988). Europa Dividida: La Monarquía Católica de Felipe II, ed. J. M. Millán, 2 vols (Madrid, 1998), II, pp. 485–6.
14 SR, IV, i, pp. 222–6.
15 Lodge, I, p. 190; CSPSp, XII, p. 50.
16 CSPSp, XII, p. 125.
17 CSPSp, XII, p. 125.
18 Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, p. 130.
19 Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, pp. 121–30, 337–9; Starkey, Elizabeth, pp. 137–8.
20 C. H. Garrett, The Marian Exiles (Cambridge, 1966), p. 73.
21 CSPSp, XII, pp. 166–7.
22 The correct date is established by CSPSp, XII, pp. 166–7; CSPD, Mary, p. 53; ESW, pp. 126–9.
23 Starkey, Elizabeth, p. 139.
24 SP 11/4, fo. 3r–v; ECW, pp. 41–2; Household Expenses of the Princess Elizabeth, pp. 2, 4–5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33 et seq.
25 CSPSp, XII, p. 167.
26 Chronicle, p. 70; Machyn, p. 58; CSPSp, XII, p. 167; Starkey, Elizabeth, pp. 141–2.
27 Loseley Manuscripts, p. 172.
28 CSPSp, XII, pp. 197–201.
29 Lodge, I, p. 193; Machyn, p. 63 (where the date is wrong).
30 APC, V, p. 28.
31 Freeman, ‘John Foxe’s Notes’, p. 115.
32 CSPSp, XIII, no. 158.
33 ‘State Papers Relating to the Custody of the Princess Elizabeth at Woodstock in 1554’, Norfolk Archaeology, 4 (1855), pp. 133–231; Foxe, II, pp. 1982–6; CSPSp, XIII, no. 158; Freeman, ‘John Foxe’s Notes’, pp. 104–16; Starkey, Elizabeth, pp. 151–65.
34 Foxe, II, p. 1987; CSPV, VI, i, no. 72; Starkey, Elizabeth, pp. 178–9.
35 E. Duffy, Fires of Faith: Catholic England under Mary Tudor (New Haven and London, 2009), pp. 79–154.
36 ‘The Compendious Rehearsal of John Dee’ in Johannis, confratris & monachi Glastoniensis, chronica sive historia de rebus Glastoniensibus, ed. T. Hearne, 2 vols (Oxford, 1726), II, pp. 519–20; Tytler, II, p. 479; APC, V, p. 137.
37 HO, p. 125; CSPV, VI, i, no. 33; Machyn, pp. 84–5.
38 APC, V, p. 126; SP 11/5, nos. 28–31.
39 CSPV, VI, ii, no. 884; Keynes, ‘Aching Head and Increasing Blindness’, pp. 108–9.
40 Foxe, II, p. 1987.
41 CSPV, VI, ii, no. 884.
42 Wriothesley, II, p. 130.
43 SP 11/7, no. 37 (fo. 71); SP 11/7, no. 66 (fo. 122).
44 CSPV, V, no. 934; CSPV, VI, ii, no. 884.
45 SP 12/22, fo. 77r–v.
46 SP 12/22, fo. 77v.
47 CSPSp, XI, p. 393. Douglas’s name was mentioned again in notes for a letter to Philip on the succession in 1558. See CSPSp, XIII, no. 417.
48 CSPSp, XIII, nos. 111, 164 and pp. xiv–xv; CSPV, VI, i, nos. 121, 248, 262, 552, 557, 570; Wiesener, pp. 295–304.
49 CSPV, VI, i, no. 67; S. Doran, Monarchy and Matrimony: The Courtships of Elizabeth I (London, 1996), p. 19.
50 Bryson and Evans, ‘Seven Newly-Discovered Letters of Princess Elizabeth’ (forthcoming).
51 Northamptonshire Record Office, Fitzwilliam of Milton Papers, Charter 2286.
52 Alford, Burghley, pp. 69–73.
53 BL, Lansdowne MS 118, fo. 70v; Tytler, II, pp. 443–5; Alford, Burghley, pp. 71–4.
54 MacCulloch, Tudor Church Militant, p. 189.
55 CSPF, II, p. 172.
56 Letters of Roger Ascham, pp. 209, 255–7.
57 Letters of Roger Ascham, pp. 210–11.
58 Baldwin, I, pp. 277–80.
59 M. Peltonen, ‘Rhetoric and Citizenship in the Monarchical Republic of Queen Elizabeth I’, in The Monarchical Republic of Early Modern England, ed. J. F. McDiarmid (Aldershot, 2007), pp. 109–28.
60 Machyn, p. 102.
61 Verney Papers, pp. 64–5.
62 Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, pp. 270–96; D. M. Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies (Cambridge, 1965), pp. 176–217.
63 Castiglione had previously been thrown into the Tower in May 1555 for allegedly helping to circulate a particularly abusive libel against Philip and Mary that had been written at Emden by one of the Protestant exiles. CSPV, VI, i, no. 80; Garrett, The Marian Exiles, pp. 116–17.
64 CSPV, VI, i, nos. 80, 505, 510; Wiesener, pp. 340–1; Starkey, Elizabeth, pp. 195–7.
65 Verney Papers, pp. 70–3; Machyn, p. 108.
66 CSPV, VI, i, nos. 505–6.
67 Wiesener, pp. 342–3; Starkey, Elizabeth, pp. 198–9.
68 Wiesener, p. 343; SP 11/9, fo. 40; CSPV, VI, i, no. 510.
69 CSPV, VI, i, nos. 510, 514.
70 CSPV, VI, i, no. 668.
71 Machyn, p. 120; CSPV, VI, ii, no. 743.
72 Machyn, p. 120; CSPV, VI, ii, no. 743.
73 CSPV, VI, ii, no. 775.
74 Doran, Monarchy and Matrimony, p. 19.
75 CSPV, VI, ii, no. 884.
76 Clifford, Life of Jane Dormer, p. 80.
77 CSPV, VI, ii, no. 775.
78 CSPSp, XIII, p. 448.
79 Wiesener, p. 358.
80 CSPV, VI, ii, no. 884.
81 CSPSp, XIII, p. xii.
82 CSPSp, XIII, no. 407; PPE Mary, p. cxciv.
83 Starkey, Elizabeth, pp. 223–4.
84 ‘The Count of Feria’s Despatch to Philip II of 14 November 1558’, ed. M. J. Rodríguez-Salgado and S. Adams, Camden Society, 4th Series, 29 (1984), p. 331.
85 ‘The Count of Feria’s Despatch’, p. 331.
86 CSPSp, XIII, no. 498; CSPV, VI, iii, no. 1285.
87 Clifford, Life of Jane Dormer, pp. 72–3.
88 ‘The Count of Feria’s Despatch’, p. 331.
Chapter 9 notes
1 Machyn, p. 178.
2 SP 12
/1, fos. 1–5v.
3 W. MacCaffrey, The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime (London, 1969), pp. 27–40; Alford, Kingship and Politics, pp. 195–207.
4 Garrett, The Marian Exiles, pp. 114–17; CSPV, VI, i, nos. 510.
5 LC 2/4/2, fos. 8–9, 25v–26v; LC 2/4/3, fos. [53v–4], [58v], [59v–63].
6 Garrett, The Marian Exiles, pp. 210–13.
7 ESW, pp. 124–5; ODNB, s.v. ‘Dudley [née Knollys], Lettice’.
8 LC 2/4/3, fo. 7; Arnold, Queen Elizabeth’s Wardrobe Unlock’d, pp. 52–3.
9 Bowers, ‘The Chapel Royal, the First Edwardian Prayer Book, and Elizabeth’s Settlement of Religion, 1559’, pp. 326–8.
10 MacCulloch, Tudor Church Militant, pp. 176–7.
11 CSPV, VII, no. 15.
12 BL, Cotton MS, Julius F.VI, fos. 167–9v; BL, Additional MS 48035, fos. 141–6v; Alford, Burghley, pp. 90–4.
13 N. L. Jones, Faith by Statute: Parliament and the Settlement of Religion, 1559 (London, 1982), pp. 83–159.
14 B. Usher, William Cecil and Episcopacy, 1559–1577 (Aldershot, 2003), pp. 7–10.
15 Doran, ‘Elizabeth I’s Religion’, pp. 699–720; Bowers, ‘The Chapel Royal, the First Edwardian Prayer Book, and Elizabeth’s Settlement of Religion’, pp. 317–44; MacCulloch, Tudor Church Militant, pp. 191–2, 219.
16 SR, IV, i, p. 358; Bowers, ‘The Chapel Royal, the First Edwardian Prayer Book, and Elizabeth’s Settlement of Religion’, pp. 339–40.
17 Visitation Articles and Injunctions of the Period of the Reformation, ed. W. H. Frere and W. M. Kennedy, 3 vols (London, 1910), III, pp. 9, 16, 20; ODNB, s.v. ‘Parker, Matthew’.
18 CSPScot, I, pp. 257, 289; The Zurich Letters, ed. H. Robinson (2nd edn, Cambridge, 1846), p. 98; P. Collinson, Archbishop Grindal, 1519–1583 (London, 1979), pp. 97–102; P. Collinson, Elizabethan Essays (London, 1994), pp. 87–118.
19 J. Coffey, Persecution and Toleration in Protestant England, 1558–1689 (London, 2000), p. 82.
20 An harborovve for faithfull and trevve subiectes agaynst the late blowne blaste, concerninge the gouernme[n]t of wemen (London, 1559), sigs. B3v, D2v–D3, O4.
21 Judges 4–5.
22 The Queen’s Majesty’s Passage and Related Documents, ed. G. Warkentin (Toronto, 2004), pp. 65–8, 91–4; D. M. Bergeron, ‘Elizabeth’s Coronation Entry (1559): New Manuscript Evidence’, English Literary Renaissance, 8 (1978), pp. 3–8; R. C. McCoy, ‘“The wonderfull spectacle”: the Civic Progress of Elizabeth I and the Troublesome Coronation’, in Coronations: Medieval and Early Modern Monarchic Ritual, ed. J. M. Bak (Berkeley, 1990), pp. 217–27; J. M. Richards, ‘Love and a Female Monarch: the Case of Elizabeth Tudor’, Journal of British Studies, 38 (1999), pp. 144–53; Hoak, ‘Coronations of Edward VI, Mary I and Elizabeth I’, pp. 140–1.
23 BL, Harleian MS 7004, fo. 2.
24 BL, Additional MS 32091, fos. 167–9; BL, Harleian MS 7004, fos. 1–2; John Knox, On Rebellion, ed. R. Mason (Cambridge, 1994), pp. 34–5, 43–4; J. Dawson, ‘The Two John Knoxes: England, Scotland and the 1558 Tracts’, JEH, 42 (1991), pp. 556–76.
25 Zurich Letters, ed. Robinson, pp. 76–7.
26 On Rebellion, ed. Mason, pp. 34–5.
27 BL, Additional MS 32091, fos. 168v–9. I am indebted to Dr Mark Taviner for discussing the manuscript with me and confirming my reading of its significance. It should be noted that the only unambiguous comparison of herself to Deborah in all of Elizabeth’s presumed writings occurs in the so-called ‘Spanish Versicles and Prayers’ (ECW, p. 157). These have repeatedly been shown to be apocryphal and not by Elizabeth. No evidence exists that she had studied Spanish or could write in that language. Not even Jan van der Noot claimed this for her; Baldwin, I, p. 278. The much-vaunted reference to Deborah in HEH, Ellesmere MS 2072, fo. 2a (ECW, p. 424) turns out to be an interpolation. The closest Elizabeth came to Knox’s view of herself was in her ‘Golden Speech’, delivered to a grateful delegation of members of the House of Commons in the Council Chamber at Whitehall in 1601, following her concessions over the issue of monopolies. According to one version of the speech, she asked rhetorically, ‘What am I as of myself without the watchful providence of Almighty God, other than a poor silly woman, weak and subject to many imperfections, expecting as you do a future judgement?’ But this was to concede no more than that all kings and princes ruled in accordance with God’s providence. See Proceedings in the Parliaments of Elizabeth I, ed. T. E. Hartley, 4 vols (Leicester, 1981–2002), III, p. 290.
28 Records of the Reformation, II, p. 386.
29 Accession, Coronation and Marriage of Mary Tudor, p. 48.
30 J. Guy, ‘My Heart is My Own’: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots (London, 2004), pp. 215–313.
31 BNF, MS FF 15970, fo. 14r–v; I owe this reference and the translation to the kindness of Dr Simon Adams. See also S. Adams, ‘The Dudley Clientèle, 1553–1563’, in The Tudor Nobility, ed. G. W. Bernard (Manchester, 1992), pp. 241–65.
32 CSPSp, XIV, nos. 27, 29.
33 Queen Elizabeth and Some Foreigners: being a Series of Hitherto Unpublished Letters from the Archives of the Hapsburg Family, ed. V. von Klarwill (London, 1928), pp. 114–15; C. Skidmore, Death and the Virgin: Elizabeth, Dudley and the Mysterious Fate of Amy Robsart (London, 2010), pp. 125–200.
34 Skidmore, Death and the Virgin, pp. 203–306.
35 ‘A “Journall” of Matters of State happened from to time to time as well within and without the realme from and before the death of King Edw. the 6th until the yere 1562’, ed. S. Adams, I. W. Archer and G. W. Bernard, Camden Society, 5th Series, 22 (2003), p. 66.
36 Doran, Monarchy and Matrimony, pp. 73–98.
37 Doran, Monarchy and Matrimony, pp, 99–129; MacCaffrey, The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime, pp. 259–62.
38 W. Camden, The History of the Most Renowned and Victorious Princess Elizabeth, Late Queen of England, ed. W. T. McCaffrey (Chicago, 1970), p. 135.
39 CSPSp, XVI, no. 173; W. T. MacCaffrey, Queen Elizabeth and the Making of Policy, 1572–1588 (Princeton, 1981), pp. 272–81; Doran, Monarchy and Matrimony, pp. 154–94.
40 Proceedings in the Parliaments of Elizabeth I, I, p. 147.
41 ‘Lethington’s Account of Negotiations with Elizabeth in September and October 1561’, in A Letter from Mary Queen of Scots to the Duke of Guise, January 1562, ed. J. H. Pollen (Edinburgh, 1904), Appendix 1, p. 39.
42 ‘Lethington’s Account’, p. 41.
43 ‘Lethington’s Account’, pp. 41–2.
44 E. W. Ives, ‘The Queen and the Painters: Anne Boleyn, Holbein and Tudor Royal Portraits’, Apollo, 140 (July 1994), pp. 42–3; Ives, Life and Death of Anne Boleyn, pp. 42–3.
45 Lambeth, MS 4769.
46 Lambeth, MS 4267, fo. 19; Guy, ‘My Heart is My Own’: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots, pp. 460–97.
ILLUSTRATION CREDITS
A. Colour plates
The Bridgeman Art Library
Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset, c.1534, by Lucas Horenbout (watercolour and body colour on vellum). The Royal Collection © 2011 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II / The Bridgeman Art Library.
Katherine Parr, c.1545, by ‘Master John’ (oil on panel). The National Portrait Gallery, London / The Bridgeman Art Library.
Elizabeth, c.1551, attrib. William Scrots (oil on panel). The Royal Collection © 2011 Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II / The Bridgeman Art Library.
Philip and Mary as King and Queen of England, c.1558, by Hans Eworth. Trustees of the Bedford Estate, Woburn Abbey / The Bridgeman Art Library.
Private collection
Henry VIII in old age, engraving by Cornelis Metsys, c.1548.
Sotheby’s Picture Library
Portrait of King Edward VI, attrib. William Scrots (oil on panel). Courtesy of Sotheby’s Picture Library.
Portrait of Queen Elizabeth I, c.1560, English School (oil on panel). Courtesy of Sotheby’s Picture Library.
Yale Center for British Art, Paul Mellon Collection
; An Unknown Man (said to be Sir Thomas Seymour), c.1543, attrib. Hans Holbein the Younger (gouache and gold). B.1974.2.58.
Portrait of a Lady, possibly Lady Jane Grey, attrib. Levina Teerlinc (body colour on thin card). B.1974.2.59.
An Allegory of the Tudor Succession: The Family of Henry VIII, c.1572, by an unknown artist (oil on panel). B.1973.3.7.
Robert Dudley, c.1564, by Steven van der Meulen (oil on panel). B1981.25.445.
B. Black and white illustrations
Cambridge University Library
One of Edward VI’s schoolroom exercises written during the winter of 1548–49, from Petit traité à l’encontre de la primauté du pape, MS Dd.12.59, fo. 1.
Edward VI’s Reformation, from John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, London, 1583, vol. 2, woodcut from p. 1294, shelfmark Young 200. With kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library.
Bishop Hugh Latimer preaching before Edward VI, from John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of these latter and perillous dayes, London, 1563, vol. 2, woodcut from p. 1353, shelfmark Sel.2.15B. With kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library.
Account of the ‘Miraculous Preservation’ of the Lady Elizabeth in Mary’s reign, from John Foxe, Actes and Monuments of matters most speciall and memorable, vol. 2, p. 2091, London, 1583, shelfmark Young 200. With kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library.
Elizabeth I at Prayer, from Richard Day, Booke of Christian praiers, collected out of the ancient writers, woodcut on verso of title page, London, 1608, shelfmark Young.255. With kind permission of the Syndics of Cambridge University Library.
Clare College, University of Cambridge
Windsor Castle (detail) from George Braun, Civitates Orbis Terrarum, Cologne and Antwerp, 1582. Courtesy of the Master, Fellows and Scholars of Clare College.
Elizabeth I letter, 1588 (document on loan from an anonymous benefactor), with the kind permission of the benefactor and courtesy of the Master, Fellows and Scholars of Clare College.