by John Perkins
Chapter 17. Panama Canal Negotiations and Graham Greene
1. See, for example, John M. Perkins, “Colonialism in Panama Has No Place in 1975,” letter to the editor, Boston Evening Globe, September 19, 1975; and John M. Perkins, “US–Brazil Pact Upsets Ecuador,” letter to the editor, Boston Globe, May 10, 1976.
2. For examples of papers by John Perkins published in technical journals, see John M. Perkins et al., “A Markov Process Applied to Forecasting — Part 1: Economic Development,” Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Conference Papers C 73 475-1 (July 1973), and “Part II: The Demand for Electricity,” Conference Papers C 74 146-7 (January 1974); John M. Perkins and Nadipuram R. Prasad, “A Model for Describing Direct and Indirect Interrelationships between the Economy and the Environment,” Consulting Engineer, April 1973; Edwin Vennard, John M. Perkins, and Robert C. Ender, “Electric Demand from Interconnected Systems,” TAPPI Journal (Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry), 28th Conference Edition, 1974; John M. Perkins et al., “Iranian Steel: Implications for the Economy and the Demand for Electricity” and “Markov Method Applied to Planning,” presented at the Fourth Iranian Conference on Engineering, Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran, May 12–16, 1974; and John M. Perkins, foreword to Economic Theories and Applications: A Collection of Technical Papers (Boston: Chas. T. Main, Inc., 1975).
3. Perkins, “Colonialism in Panama.”
4. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984), 89–90.
5. Greene, Getting to Know the General.
Chapter 18. Iran’s King of Kings
1. William Shawcross, The Shah’s Last Ride: The Fate of an Ally (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988). For more about the Shah’s rise to power, see H. D. S. Greenway, “The Iran Conspiracy,” New York Review of Books, September 23, 2003; and Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, 2nd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008).
2. For more about Yamin, the Flowering Desert project, and Iran, see John Perkins, Shapeshifting (Rochester, VT: Destiny Books, 1997).
Chapter 19. Confessions of a Tortured Man
1. Erich Kolig, Conservative Islam: A Cultural Anthropology (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012).
2. Saeed Kamali Dehghan and Richard Norton-Taylor, “CIA Admits Role in 1953 Iranian Coup,” Guardian, August 19, 2013, www.theguardian.com/world/2013/aug/19/cia-admits-role-1953-iranian-coup.
Chapter 20. The Fall of a King
1. For more about the shah’s rise to power, see H. D. S. Greenway, “The Iran Conspiracy,” New York Review of Books, September 23, 2003; and Stephen Kinzer, All the Shah’s Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror, 2nd ed. (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2008).
2. See Time magazine cover articles on the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, February 12, 1979, January 7, 1980, and August 17, 1987.
Chapter 21. Colombia: Keystone of Latin America
1. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: Harper-Collins, 1995), 381.
Chapter 22. American Republic vs. Global Empire
1. For an expert opinion, see Dylan Matthews and Kimberly Ann Elliot, “Poor Countries Can Keep Workers Safe and Still Escape Poverty,” Washington Post, April 25, 2013, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/04/25/poor-countries-can-keep-workers-safe-and-still-escape-poverty. For information on sweatshops in China, in particular, see “Sweatshops in China,” War on Want, accessed August 12, 2015, www.waronwant.org/sweatshops-china.
Chapter 24. Ecuador’s President Battles Big Oil
1. Maria Guadalupe Moog Rodrigues, “Environmental Activism Beyond Brazil I — The Struggle against Oil Exploitation in Ecuador,” in Global Environmentalism and Local Politics: Transnational Advocacy Networks in Brazil, Ecuador, and India (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004), 93–114.
2. For extensive details on SIL, its history, its activities, and its association with the oil companies and the Rockefellers, see Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: HarperCollins, 1995); and Joe Kane, Savages (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995). For information on Rachel Saint, see Kane, Savages, 85, 156, 227.
3. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1987), 272.
4. José Carvajal Candall, “Objetivos y políticas de CEPE” (Quito: Primer Seminario, 1979), 88.
Chapter 26. Ecuador’s Presidential Death
1. John D. Martz, Politics and Petroleum in Ecuador (New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Books, 1987), 272.
2. Gerard Colby and Charlotte Dennett, Thy Will Be Done: The Conquest of the Amazon — Nelson Rockefeller and Evangelism in the Age of Oil (New York: Harper-Collins, 1995), 813.
3. Martz, Politics and Petroleum, 303.
4. Ibid., 381, 400.
Chapter 27. Panama: Another Presidential Death
1. Graham Greene, Getting to Know the General (New York: Pocket Books, 1984), 11.
2. George Shultz was secretary of the Treasury and chairman of the Council on Economic Policy under Nixon–Ford, 1972–1974; executive president or president of Bechtel, 1974–1982; and secretary of state under Reagan–Bush, 1982–1989. Caspar Weinberger was director of the Office of Management and Budget and secretary of health, education, and welfare under Nixon–Ford, 1973–1975; vice president and general counsel of Bechtel Group, 1975–1980; and secretary of defense under Reagan–Bush, 1980–1987.
3. During the 1973 Watergate hearings, in his testimony before the US Senate, John Dean was the first to disclose US plots to assassinate Torrijos. In 1975, at Senate inquiries into the CIA, chaired by Senator Frank Church, additional testimony and documentation of plans to kill both Torrijos and Noriega were presented. See, for example, Manuel Noriega and Peter Eisner, America’s Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega (New York: Random House, 1997), 107.
Chapter 28. My Energy Company, Enron, and George W. Bush
1. For additional information on IPS, its wholly owned subsidiary Archbald Power Corporation, and former CEO John Perkins, see Jack M. Daly and Thomas J. Duffy, “Burning Coal’s Waste at Archbald,” Civil Engineering, July 1988; Vince Coveleskie, “Co-Generation Plant Attributes Cited,” Scranton Times, October 17, 1987; Robert Curran, “Archbald Facility Dedicated,” Scranton Tribune, October 17, 1987; “Archbald Plant Will Turn Coal Waste into Power,” Wilkes-Barre (PA) Citizens’ Voice, June 6, 1988; and “Liabilities to Assets: Culm to Light, Food,” editorial, Wilkes-Barre (PA) Citizens’ Voice, June 7, 1988.
2. Joe Conason, “The George W. Bush Success Story,” Harper’s Magazine, February 2000; and Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair, October 2003, p. 165.
3. Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” 178.
4. See George Lardner Jr. and Lois Romano, “The Turning Point after Coming Up Dry,” Washington Post, July 30, 1999; Conason, “The George W. Bush Success Story”; and Sam Parry, “The Bush Family ‘Oiligarchy,’” Consortiumnews.com, June 12, 2015, https://consortiumnews.com/2015/06/12/the-bush-family-oiligarchy.
5. This theory took on new significance and seemed ready to fall under the spotlight of public scrutiny when, years later, it became clear that the highly respected accounting firm of Arthur Andersen had conspired with Enron executives to cheat energy consumers, Enron employees, and the American public out of billions of dollars. The impending 2003 Iraq War pushed the spotlight away. During the war, Bahrain played a critical role in President George W. Bush’s strategy.
Chapter 29. I Take a Bribe
1. Jim Garrison, American Empire: Global Leader or Rogue Power? (San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler, 2004), 38.
Chapter 30. The United States Invades Panama
1. Manuel Noriega and Peter Eisner, America’s Prisoner: The Memoirs of Manuel Noriega (New York: Random House, 19
97), 56.
2. David Harris, Shooting the Moon: The True Story of an American Manhunt Unlike Any Other, Ever (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 2001), 31–34.
3. Harris, Shooting the Moon, 43.
4. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 212. See also Craig Unger, “Saving the Saudis,” Vanity Fair, October 2003, 165.
5. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 114.
6. See “George H. W. Bush,” Famous Texans, accessed August 12, 2015, www.famoustexans.com/georgebush.htm.
7. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 56–57.
8. Harris, Shooting the Moon, 6.
9. “George H. W. Bush,” Famous Texans.
10. Harris, Shooting the Moon, 4.
11. Noriega and Eisner, America’s Prisoner, 248.
12. Ibid., 211.
13. Ibid., xxi.
Chapter 31. An EHM Failure in Iraq
1. Morris Barrett, “The Web’s Wild World,” Time, April 26, 1999, p. 62.
Chapter 32. September 11 and Its Aftermath for Me, Personally
1. For more about the Huaorani, see Joe Kane, Savages (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995).
Chapter 33. Venezuela: Saved by Saddam
1. “Venezuela on the Brink,” editorial, New York Times, December 18, 2002.
2. “Venezuelan President Forced to Resign,” Associated Press, April 12, 2002.
3. Simon Romero, “Tenuous Truce in Venezuela for the State and Its Oil Company,” New York Times, April 24, 2002.
4. Bob Edwards, “What Went Wrong with the Oil Dream in Venezuela,” National Public Radio, Morning Edition, July 8, 2003.
5. Ginger Thompson, “Venezuela Strikers Keep Pressure on Chávez and Oil Exports,” New York Times, December 30, 2002.
6. For more on the jackals and other types of hit men, see P. W. Singer, Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2003); James R. Davis, Fortune’s Warriors: Private Armies and the New World Order (Vancouver and Toronto: Douglas & McIntyre, 2000); and Felix I. Rodriguez and John Weisman, Shadow Warrior: The CIA Hero of 100 Unknown Battles (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).
7. Tim Weiner, “A Coup by Any Other Name,” New York Times, April 14, 2002.
8. “Venezuela Leader Urges 20 Years for Strike Chiefs,” Associated Press, February 22, 2003.
9. Paul Richter, “US Had Talks on Chávez Ouster,” Los Angeles Times, April 17, 2002.
Chapter 34. Conspiracy: Was I Poisoned?
1. American men fear China more than they fear ISIS. See “What Are Americans Most Afraid Of?,” Vanity Fair, January 2015, www.vanityfair.com/culture/2015/01/fear-60-minutes-poll.
Chapter 35. A Jackal Speaks: The Seychelles Conspiracy
1. Although his name is on record for anyone who cares to delve, at his request, I’ve decided to use the alias of “Jack.” He has always maintained that he did not work for the CIA, which, strictly speaking, is true.
2. “Indian Ocean Isle Repulses Raiders,” New York Times, November 27, 1981, www.nytimes.com/1981/11/27/world/indian-ocean-isle-repulses-raiders.html.
3. For more information: “Trial Gives Peek at South African Intelligence Web,” by Joseph Lelyveld, New York Times, May 10, 1982, http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0A11FA3F5C0C738DDDAC0894DA484D81&scp=1&sq=TRIAL+GIVES+PEEK+AT+SOUTH+AFRICA+INTELLIGENCE+WEB+&st=nyt, and Mike Hoare, The Seychelles Affair (Paladin Press, 2009).
Chapter 36. Ecuador Rebels
1. Encyclopaedia Britannica, s.v. “Rafael Correa,” updated October 23, 2014, www.britannica.com/biography/Rafael-Correa.
2. Sandy Tolan, “Ecuador: Lost Promises,” National Public Radio, Morning Edition, July 9, 2003, www.npr.org/programs/morning/features/2003/jul/latinoil.
3. Juan Forero, “Seeking Balance: Growth vs. Culture in Amazon,” New York Times, December 10, 2003.
4. Abby Ellin, “Suit Says ChevronTexaco Dumped Poisons in Ecuador,” New York Times, May 8, 2003.
Chapter 37. Honduras: The CIA Strikes
1. Mark Weisbrot, “Who’s in Charge of US Foreign Policy?, Guardian, July 16, 2009, www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2009/jul/16/honduras-coup-obama-clinton.
2. Amy Goodman, “Exclusive Interview with Manuel Zelaya on the US Role in Honduran Coup, WikiLeaks and Why He Was Ousted,” Democracy Now!, May 31, 2011, www.democracynow.org/2011/5/31/exclusive_interview_with_manuel_zelaya_on.
Chapter 38. Your Friendly Banker as EHM
1. Nicholas Kristof, “A Banker Speaks, with Regret,” New York Times, November 30, 2011, www.nytimes.com/2011/12/01/opinion/kristof-a-banker-speaks-with-regret.html.
2. James McBride, Christopher Alessi, and Mohammed Aly Sergie, “Understanding the Libor Scandal,” Council on Foreign Relations, May 21, 2015, www.cfr.org/united-kingdom/understanding-libor-scandal/p28729.
Chapter 40. Istanbul: Tools of Modern Empire
1. “Use It and Lose It: The Outsize Effect of US Consumption on the Environment,” Scientific American, September 14, 2012, www.scientificamerican.com/article/american-consumption-habits.
Chapter 41. A Coup against Fundación Pachamama
1. Oliver Balch, “Buen Vivir: The Social Philosophy Inspiring Movements in South America,” Guardian, February 4, 2013, www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/blog/buen-vivir-philosophy-south-america-eduardo-gudynas.
2. “The Hague Rules against Chevron in Ecuador Case,” teleSUR, March 13, 2015, www.telesurtv.net/english/news/The-Hague-Rules-against-Chevron-in-Ecuador-Case-20150313-0009.html.
3. “Data: Ecuador,” World Bank, updated September 17, 2015, http://data.worldbank.org/country/ecuador.
4. Daniel Cancel and Lester Pimentel, “Ecuador’s Audit Commission Finds ‘Illegality’ in Debt (Update 5),” Bloomberg.com, November 20, 2008, www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=a8suBA8I.3ik.
Chapter 42. Another EHM Banking Scandal
1. Virginia Harrison and Mark Thompson, “5 Big Banks Pay $5.4 Billion for Rigging Currencies,” CNN Money, May 20, 2015, http://money.cnn.com/2015/05/20/investing/ubs-foreign-exchange/index.html.
2. Leo King, “Bandits, Mafia, Cartel. Bank Traders’ Astonishing Online Messages,” Forbes, May 21, 2015, www.forbes.com/sites/leoking/2015/05/21/forex-barclays-citi-ubs-jpmorgan-online-chat-instant-messenger.
3. Harrison and Thompson, “5 Big Banks Pay $5.4 Billion.”
4. Stephanie Clifford and Matt Apuzzo, “After Indicting 14 Soccer Officials, US Vows to End Graft in FIFA,” New York Times, May 27, 2015, www.nytimes.com/2015/05/28/sports/soccer/fifa-officials-arrested-on-corruption-charges-blatter-isnt-among-them.html.
5. Laura Shin, “The 85 Richest People in the World Have as Much Wealth as the 3.5 Billion Poorest,” Forbes, January 23, 2014, www.forbes.com/sites/laurashin/2014/01/23/the-85-richest-people-in-the-world-have-as-much-wealth-as-the-3-5-billion-poorest.
6. Ricardo Fuentes-Nieva and Nick Galasso, “Working for the Few: Political Capture and Economic Inequality,” 178 Oxfam briefing paper — Summary, January 20, 2014, www.oxfam.org/sites/www.oxfam.org/files/bp-working-for-few-political-capture-economic-inequality-200114-summ-en.pdf.
7. “Poverty Overview,” World Bank, updated April 6, 2015, www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty/overview.
8. James S. Henry, “Where the Money Went,” Across the Board, March/April 2004, 42–45. For more information, see James S. Henry, The Blood Bankers: Tales from the Global Underground Economy (New York: Four Walls Eight Windows, 2003).
9. Jacob Kushner et al., “Burned Out: World Bank Projects Leave Trail of Misery Around Globe,” Huffington Post, April 16, 2015, http://projects.huffingtonpost.com/worldbank-evicted-abandoned/worldbank-projects-leave-trail-misery-around-globe-kenya.
Chapter 43. Who Are Today’s Economic Hit Men?
1. Lee Fang, “Where Have All the Lobbyists Gone?,” The Nation, February 19, 2014, www.thenation.com/article/shadow-lobbying-complex.
2. Brooks Barnes, “MPAA and Christopher Dodd Said to Be N
ear Deal,” New York Times, February 20, 2011, mediadecoder.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/20/m-p-a-a-and-christopher-dodd-said-to-be-near-deal.
3. Center for Responsive Politics, “Former Members,” OpenSecrets.org, accessed July 24, 2015, www.opensecrets.org/revolving/top.php?display=Z.
4. Fang, “Where Have All the Lobbyists Gone?”
5. Lee Drutman, “How Corporate Lobbyists Conquered American Democracy,” Atlantic, April 20, 2015, www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/04/how-corporate-lobbyists-conquered-american-democracy/390822.
6. Conn Hallinan and Leon Wofsy, “‘The American Century’ Has Plunged the World into Crisis. What Happens Now?,” Common Dreams, June 22, 2015, www.commondreams.org/views/2015/06/22/american-century-has-plunged-world-crisis-what-happens-now.
7. Niraj Chokshi, “The United States of Subsidies: The Biggest Corporate Winners in Each State,” Washington Post, March 18, 2015, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/govbeat/wp/2015/03/17/the-united-states-of-subsidies-the-biggest-corporate-winners-in-each-state.