by Bob Drury
Cromie, Robert. “Beat Up, Shot Up, but ‘Fort’ Downs 5 Zeroes,” Chicago Tribune, June 21, 1943.
———. “M’Arthur Blasts Rabaul,” Chicago Tribune, October 14, 1943.
Crow, Jonathan. “Dr. Seuss Draws Anti-Japanese Cartoons During WWII,” Open Culture, August 20, 2014.
Darnton, John. “Swamp Ghosts,” Smithsonian Magazine, October 2007.
Davenport, Walter. “Impregnable Pearl Harbor,” Collier’s, June 14, 1941.
DeStefano, Dana. “Memorial Honors Medal Winners,” Scranton Times, July 9, 2006.
Dunn, Richard L. “The Search for General Walker: New Insights,” Air Power History, Fall 2014.
DuPre, Flint. “USAF and the Medal of Honor,” Air Force Magazine, March 1967.
Durdin, Tillman. “Skip Bombing Sank Cruiser at Kavieng,” New York Times, April 1, 1943.
“Dying Flier Downs 2 Japanese Planes,” New York Times, August 10, 1943.
Flannery, Joseph X. “Irish Heroes Remembered,” Scranton Times, March 16, 1999.
———. “Rare Honors for Rare People,” Scranton Times, November 23, 1996.
Futch, Michael. “Members of 5th Army Air Force 43rd Bomb Group Hold Reunion in Fayetteville,” Fayetteville Observer, September 22, 2013.
Glodek, Sgt. Dan. “Their Last Measure of Devotion,” Lackawanna Historical Society Journal, Summer 2006.
———. “The Other Medal of Honor Story: Remembering Lt. Joseph R. Sarnoski,” Lackawanna Historical Society Journal, Winter 2005.
Hanley, Charles J. “An Old Pilot Grieves Bombardier’s Death,” Associated Press, September 4, 1995.
Haskins, Mardell. “Flying B-24s in WWII,” Southwest Aviation Report, August 2013.
Hastings, H. T. “No Survivors,” Saturday Evening Post, May 1943.
“Hero Is Now Aviation Engineer,” Newark Evening News, July 22, 1946.
Humphreys, Ned. “By Resolute Defense—At Price of His Life,” Crosshairs, June 1990.
Hyde, Ed. “Medal of Honor Mission of Capt. Zeamer’s ‘Screwball’ Aces,” Stag Magazine, February 1965.
“Jay Zeamer, a Decorated Pilot in World War II, Dies at 88,” Los Angeles Times, March 26, 2007.
Kashuba, Cheryl A. “Remembering the Valor of Four Area Sons,” Times Tribune (PA), July 12, 2009.
King, Lydia. “Some First Hand Observations on Combat Stress,” Aging & Mental Health, March 2007.
Kostka, Del C. “Air Reconnaissance in the Second World War,” Military History Online.
“LBJ’s Lies About His War Record,” History News Network, July 18, 2001.
Lindbloom, Roland E. “Jersey Honor Medals Listed,” New York Times, January 5, 1946.
Lundstrom, John B. “Frank Jack Fletcher Got a Bum Rap,” Naval History Magazine, Summer 1992.
Manson, Norma. “2 Aircrew Students Already Have Seen a Lot of War; One Got ‘10 or 15’ Japs,” Youngstown Vindicator, December 1944.
McMillan, Kelsey. “Aerial Gunner Training,” Bomber Legends, thebombercommand.info.
“Mortally Wounded Airman Sticks to Guns, Downs Two,” Springfield (MA) Republican, August 10, 1943.
“Nebraskans at War,” Parts I and II, Nebraska History: A Quarterly Magazine, January–March 1944 and April–June 1944, Nebraska State Historical Society.
“Old Pilot, Young Bombardier Together Again at Gravesite,” Maine Sunday Telegram, September 3, 1995.
“Orange Airman Awarded Congressional Medal,” Newark Evening News, January 7, 1944.
“Parents See Air Hero Receive Medal,” Omaha World Herald, January 7, 1944.
Rayner, P. A. “Airmen Fight for Lives in Shark Infested Waters,” New York Telegraph, February 3, 1943.
———. “Big Fires in New Raid Add to Rabaul Desolation,” New York Telegraph, January 3, 1943.
———. “Nine Ships in Jap Convoy Hit,” New York World Telegraph, April 3, 1943.
“Richmond Wife of Slain Aviator Receives Award,” Catholic Virginian, February 1944.
Scher, Rhoda. “Death Took a Holiday,” The Oranges and Montclair, August 1947.
“Sr. Commander Vaughan Veteran of 73 Missions,” Youngstown Vindicator, November 1943.
Tremaine, Frank. “Admiral Halsey on Bougainville,” United Press, November 16, 1943.
Turner, Cal. “Bartender Stirs Memories of WWII Mission,” Sunday Patriot-News, August 4, 1985.
“Valor: Battle over Bougainville,” Air Force Magazine, December 1985.
Veysey, Arthur. “Kenney Jolts the Japs,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, September 24, 1944.
Wagner, Bill. “Sarnoski WWII Mementos Donated to Merli Center,” Scranton Times, July 29, 2007.
Wiecks, Michael J. “The 1918 Influenza Epidemic in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania,” Cumberland County History, Summer/Winter 2005.
Wilson, Edward O. “A Manual for Life,” New York Times Book Review, November 9, 2014.
“Without ‘Melodrama,’ ” Newark Evening News, January 5, 1944.
“World Battlefronts: For the Honor of God,” Time, January 18, 1943.
Zeamer, Lt. Col. Jay, Jr. “There’s Always a Way!” American Magazine, January 1945.
OTHER
Airforce.togetherweserved.com.
Air Information Bulletin Number 19, U.S. Air Force archives.
“B-17 Communication Equipment,” airpages.ru.
“B-17E ‘Lucy’ Serial Number 41-2666,” pacificwrecks.com.
“B-17 Flight Controls,” warbirdinformationexchange.org.
Biographical Sketch of Jeremiah Zeamer (Zeamer Family Papers).
Bragg, Russell M. “First Bombing Mission,” kensmen.com.
“Brigadier General Kenneth N. Walker,” pacificwrecks.com.
Britton, J. T., Oral History, American Airpower Heritage Museum, Midland, TX, March 1, 1999.
“Capt. Lindsey on Skip Bombing,” kensmen.com.
Cicala, Roger. “The Most Honored Photograph,” petapixel.com.
Drea, Edward J. “New Guinea,” U.S. Army Center of Military History.
Fletcher, Arthur A. “Penetrating the Philippine Blockade,” kensmen.com.
43rd Bomb Group Official History.
Gammill, Ed. “From Boston to Sydney on the Queen Mary,” kensmen.com.
“Japanese Submarines Prowl the U.S. Pacific Coastline in 1941,” historynet.com.
“Jay Zeamer, Jr.,” arlingtoncemetery.net.
Jay Zeamer Jr. papers (Zeamer Family Papers).
Jay Zeamer’s Training and Wartime Experiences, as told to his brother, R. Jere Zeamer (Zeamer Family Papers).
Kostka, Del C. “Air Reconnaissance in the Second World War,” Military History Online.
“Lt. Col. John T. Britton,” togetherweserved.com.
“MacArthur Deserts ‘The Battling Bastards of Bataan’ and Escapes to Australia,” pacificwar.org.au.
“Major Scott on Skip Bombing,” kensmen.com.
Manuel, Lt. Col. Kent L. “General Kenney As a Strategic War Leader,” research report submitted to the faculty of the Air War College, Maxwell AFB, AL, April 1996.
“The Mapping Mission,” airforce.togetherweserved.com.
Marjorie Zeamer biography (Zeamer Family Papers).
“Mission over Buka,” Jay Zeamer Jr. (Zeamer Family Papers).
“The Most Decorated Single Aircrew of World War II,” theirfinesthour.blogspot.com, June 16, 2013.
“Old 666: Fantastic Voyage of the Cursed Bomber,” Parts I and II, specialoperations.com.
“Pennsylvania at War 1941–1945,” Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1946.
“Pennsylvania’s Second Year at War,” Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1945.
Rembisz, Jim. “Wings of Valor II: Jay Zeamer and Joseph Sarnoski,” homeofheroes.com.
Report of the Borough of Carlisle, PA, 1922.
“Résumé of Skip Bombing,” kensmen.com.
Schoger, H. G. “They Did Culver Proud,” Culver Academies brochure.
Sketch of Early Life
of Lt. Col. Jay Zeamer Jr., by Mrs. Jay Zeamer (mother) (Zeamer Family Papers).
Sketch of Jay Zeamer Sr. (Zeamer Family Papers).
SS Argentina passenger manifest, January 23, 1942.
Stahl, George R. “A Monkey Rides My Shoulder.” Unpublished reminiscences.
“Tugboat Annie,” pacificwrecks.com.
“22nd Bombardment Group,” historyofwar.org.
22nd Bomb Group Official History.
“22nd Bomb Group: The Red Raiders in Australia During WW2,” ozatwar.com.
WWII Air War. Washington, DC: National Archives and Records Administration. Six-DVD set.
YouTube interview with Jay Zeamer, 2007.
Zeamer, Jeremiah. “John Zeamer and His Descendants” from Biographical Annals of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, J. H. Beers & Co., 1905.
INDEX
A note about the index: The pages referenced in this index refer to the page numbers in the print edition. Clicking on a page number will take you to the ebook location that corresponds to the beginning of that page in the print edition. For a comprehensive list of locations of any word or phrase, use your reading system’s search function.
An n following a page number refers to the note section.
A6M3 fighter plane, 265
A-20 Havoc bombers, 138
Abenaki Indians, 12
Able, Johnnie, 191–92, 203, 212, 215, 230, 231, 250, 254, 255, 260, 269, 272, 274, 279, 282, 285, 286, 287, 289, 291, 301, 302
Admiralty Islands, 225, 248, 301
Advanced Flight School, 111, 243
African Americans, 128–29
Air Cadets, 243
Air Force (film), 193
Air Force News, 306
Air Force, U.S., 287, 302, 304
Air Force Reserves, 302
Air Power, 163n
air-sea rescues, 82n
Air Service, U.S., 36
Engineering School of, 114
Akagi, 100
Albuquerque, N.M., 296
American Caesar (Manchester), 60, 66n, 145n
American Expeditionary Force, 27
American Pacific Fleet, 48, 189
amphibious landings, 92, 100, 102
Andrews, Frank, 113
Anschluss, 20
Argentina, SS, 61–63, 180
Arlington National Cemetery, 306
Army, U.S., 213
African-American troops in, 128–29
Center of Military History of, 253
field manual of, 226
2nd Raider Regiment of, 292
Army Air Corps, 23–25, 28, 32, 35–36, 47, 75, 115, 140, 188, 192, 302
Advanced Flight School of, 24–25
Aircraft Armorer course of, 32
Bombsight Maintenance course of, 32
Chemical Warfare course of, 32
Flight School of, 23
Primary Flying School of, 24
Tactical School of, 114, 139
see also Army Air Forces, U.S.
Army Air Forces, U.S. (USAAF), 4, 28–29, 44–45, 69, 84, 119, 128, 136n, 138, 146, 149, 182, 212, 215, 218, 225, 231, 243, 244, 297, 300
beginning of, 36; see also Army Air Corps
“Bomber Mafia” of, 146
Caribbean Defense Command of, 112
coveralls issued by, 106
crews lost to accidents in, 65
Japanese records vs. records from, 282n
see also specific Bomb Groups
Army Air Services, U.S., 27, 114, 192, 234
Army Artillery Corps, U.S., 35
Army Corps of Engineers, 292
ROTC program of, 19
Army Infantry Corps, U.S., 35
Army of the Potomac, 187
Army Reserves, 20–21, 303
Arnold, Henry H. “Hap,” 36, 69, 116, 179, 297–98, 301
Art of War (Sun Tzu), 186
Ashburn, Doyle, 11
assassination, 226
Associated Press, 203
Astro Tracker Dome, 256
atom bombs, 105n
Auschwitz, gas chambers at, 40
Austin, Bernard, 292n
Australia, 42, 53, 56, 60, 63, 64, 67–70, 76–80, 83, 92–93, 98, 99, 102, 103, 106, 109, 115–16, 119, 120, 121, 133, 138, 140, 142, 168, 181, 190, 193, 203, 210, 221, 296
hospitality in, 76–77
immigration restrictions in, 128
Japanese invasion of, 131, 133
POWs from, 73–74, 129
Australian Imperial Forces (AIF), 77
Austria, 20
Axis powers, 66
Ayres, Lew, 224
B-17 Flying Fortresses, 28, 37, 38, 60–61, 67n, 72, 74n, 75, 101, 110, 122, 127, 129, 144, 147, 149, 150, 152, 162, 191, 201–2, 251, 259, 265
as able to “surf,” 278
attack on Rabaul by, 75
ball turret of, 215, 216–17
Boeing’s construction of, 45–46
Clark Airfield bombing and, 61
communication equipment on, 208
deadly fighting qualities of, 296
interior of, 193–94
Japanese respect for, 85
lack of trained crews for, 221
machine guns on, 207–8, 214
maneuverability of, 151
mortality rate for crews of, 216
new series of, 296
Norden bombsights on, 47–48
nose as most vulnerable point of, 217–18, 246
piss pipes on, 217
reconnaissance flights of, 153–54
Zeamer’s admiration for, 46–48, 111, 151, 180
see also specific planes
B-18 Bolos, 38, 39, 48, 49, 57, 58, 61
anti-submarine patrols of, 243
B-24 Liberators, 72, 111, 162, 221, 231, 232, 278
speed of, 233
B-25 Mitchells, 138, 167, 197
Gunn’s modification of, 138
in raids on Tokyo, 87
B-26 Marauders (“Widow Makers”), 36–37, 39, 46–47, 50, 53, 57, 58, 78, 80, 85, 101, 108, 109, 111, 142, 151, 223, 230, 278
in Battle of Midway, 99–100
in flight to Australia, 65
landings with, 38–39
in raids on Rabaul, 79, 82, 84, 85–86, 107
takeoffs with, 37–38, 51, 106, 109
in tropical storms, 84
Bagana, Mount, 1–2, 264
Baja peninsula, 53
Ballale, 227
ball turret gunner, 215, 216–17
Baltimore, Md., 32
Bangor, Maine, 33, 61, 63
Bataan, 67, 137
Bataan Death March, 60
Bate, Fred, 35
Bates, William, 21–22
Bates Method, 21–23
Battle Damage Assessment (BDA), 140
battle fatigue, 253
Battle of Britain, 35
Bayliss, Frank, 26
Bellows Field, 57–58
belly gunner, 215, 216–17
Benn, Bill, 140–44, 146, 147–48, 150, 161–62, 164, 175, 176–77, 182, 220, 233, 262
death of, 177, 185
Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, 193
Bethlehem Steel Company, 193
Bismarck Archipelago, 58, 69, 70, 100, 120
Bismarck Sea, 70, 195, 202, 231, 232, 301
Bismarck Sea, Battle of, 197–99, 200, 243, 296
Japanese losses in, 198–99
Black Jack bomber, 144, 148–49, 150–51, 178, 219
Blanche Bay, 155
Bleasdale, Jack, 162
Blitz Buggy, 230
“Bloody Track,” 101
Blues in the Nite, 219–20
Boeing Airplane Company, 28, 44–45
B-17s constructed by, 45–46, 191
bombardiers, 28
Bomber Command, 106
Bomb Group Headquarters, 221
Bombsight Maintenance Course, 243
Booth, John Wilkes, 226
Boothbay Harbor, Maine, 12–13, 259, 300, 304, 306
/>
Boston, Mass., 48, 49
Bougainville Island, 1–4, 159, 165, 169, 172, 173, 199, 227, 228, 237, 239, 255, 259, 279, 282n
Australian coastwatchers in, 240, 251
Japanese defense of, 238–39, 241, 252
reconnaissance of, 237, 240–47, 248, 250–53, 257, 262, 264–65, 269–79, 287, 290, 291–92, 301
reinforcements sent to, 238
U.S. invasion and capture of, 292n, 293
U.S. planning for invasion of, 236–37, 238–39, 251, 291–92
Boy Scouts of America, 14–15, 20, 24, 33, 108, 158, 299
Brandon, Henry, 222
Brett, George, 67–68, 69, 111–12, 113, 116, 136
Brisbane, 64, 65, 68, 76, 78, 92, 93, 115–16, 119, 121, 133, 143, 145, 220, 234, 240
Britton, John “J. T.,” 242–43, 244, 246, 250, 256, 262, 269, 271, 275, 276, 282, 283, 285–86, 290, 301, 304
Britton, Josephine, 304
Brooklyn Dodgers, 157n
Brougher, William, 60
Browning, John, 213
Bryn Mawr University, 290
Buffalo News, 105
Buin, 227, 238, 239, 241, 262
Buka airstrip, 1
Buka Island, 1, 2, 238–39, 241, 251–52, 255–62, 267, 282n
enemy fighters on, 260–61
reconnaissance of, 252–53, 254, 255–62, 257, 263–64, 287, 291–92, 301
Buka Passage, 251, 254, 259, 260
Bull Run, First Battle of, 186
Bulova, Arde, 121
Buna, 101, 102, 103, 117, 119–20, 122, 139, 152, 156, 159, 160n, 167–68, 172, 195, 244, 245, 301
Burke, Arleigh, 292n
Burma, 235, 304
Bushido, 43, 85
Cairns, Australia, 132
California, 50, 52, 191, 303
California, University of, at Davis, 242
Cape Endiaidere, 285
Cape Gloucester, 196
Cape Torokina, 239
Carbondale, Pa., 29–30, 31, 193, 299, 303
Carlisle, Pa., 10–11, 30
Caroline Islands, 72
carpet bombing, 147
Catalina Flying Boats, 39, 68, 74, 80, 82n
Cat in the Hat, The (Dr. Seuss), 105
censorship, 57, 59
Charles, Thomas, 177, 182
Chennault, Claire, 235
Chicago, USS, 167
China, 40, 41, 49, 135, 235, 304
China-Burma-India Theater, 304
Choiseul, 236
Churchill, Winston, 168
Cicero, 300
Civil War, U.S., 186–87, 226
Clark Airfield, 60, 61
code breakers, 93, 99, 196, 201
Collier’s, 49
Confederacy (aerial reconnaissance used on), 187
Congress, U.S., 66, 242–43