Contamine, P., Guerre, état et société à la fin du Moyen Age: Etudes sur les armées des rois de France, 1337–1494 (Paris, 1972).
Contamine, P., ‘La Théologie de la guerre à la fin du Moyen Age: La Guerre de Cent Ans fut-elle une guerre juste?’, in Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement, 9–21.
Contamine, P., ‘La ‘France anglaise’ au XVe siècle: Mythe ou réalité?’, in La ‘France anglaise’ au Moyen Age, 17–29.
Contamine, P., Bouzy, O. and Hélary, X., Jeanne d’Arc: Histoire et dictionnaire (Paris, 2012).
Cooper, S., The Real Falstaff: Sir John Fastolf and the Hundred Years’ War (Barnsley, 2010).
Cosneau, E., Le Connétable de Richemont, Artur de Bretagne, 1393–1458 (Paris, 1886).
Curry, A., ‘The “Coronation Expedition” and Henry VI’s Court in France, 1430 to 1432’, in Stratford (ed.), The Lancastrian Court, 29–52.
Curry, A., Agincourt: A New History (Stroud, 2005, repr. 2010).
DeVries, K., ‘Military Surgical Practice and the Advent of Gunpowder Weaponry’, Canadian Bulletin of Medical History, 7 (1990), 131–46.
DeVries, K., ‘A Woman as Leader of Men: Joan of Arc’s Military Career’, in Wheeler and Wood (eds), Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc, 3–18.
DeVries, K., Joan of Arc: A Military Leader (Stroud, 1999, new edn 2011).
Dickinson, J. G., The Congress of Arras, 1435 (Oxford, 1955).
Ditcham, B. G. H., ‘“Mutton-Guzzlers and Wine Bags”: Foreign Soldiers and Native Reactions in Fifteenth-Century France’, in Allmand (ed.), Power, Culture and Religion, 1–13.
Duparc, P., ‘La délivrance d’Orléans et la mission de Jeanne d’Arc’, in Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement, 153–8.
Elliott, D., ‘Seeing Double: John Gerson, the Discernment of Spirits, and Joan of Arc’, American Historical Review, 107 (2002), 26–54.
Farmer, D. H. (ed.), The Oxford Dictionary of Saints (Oxford, 2003).
Forcellin, M., Histoire générale des Alpes Maritimes ou Cottiènes, II (Paris, 1890).
Fraioli, D., ‘L’image de Jeanne d’Arc: Que doit-elle au milieu littéraire et religieux de son temps?’, in Jeanne d’Arc: Une epoque, un rayonnement, 191–6.
Fraioli, D., Joan of Arc: The Early Debate (Woodbridge, 2000).
Fraser, W., The Douglas Book (Edinburgh, 1885).
Gibbons, R., ‘Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France: The Creation of an Historical Villainess’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, ser. 6, VI (1997), 51–73.
Gibbons, R. C., ‘The Active Queenship of Isabeau of Bavaria, 1392–1417’, PhD dissertation, University of Reading (1997).
Griffiths, R. A., The Reign of King Henry VI (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1981).
Guillemain, B., ‘Une carrière: Pierre Cauchon’, in Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement, 217–25.
Harriss, G. L., Cardinal Beaufort: A Study of Lancastrian Ascendancy and Decline (Oxford, 1988).
Harriss, G. L., ‘Thomas, duke of Clarence (1387–1421)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Harriss, G. L., ‘Humphrey, duke of Gloucester (1390–1447)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Harriss, G. L., Shaping the Nation: England, 1360–1461 (Oxford, 2005).
Jackson, R., Vive le Roi! A History of the French Coronation (Chapel Hill, 1984).
Jacquin, R., ‘Un précurseur de Jeanne d’Arc’, Revue des Deux Mondes (1967), 222–6.
Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement: Colloque d’Histoire Médiévale, Orléans Octobre 1979 (Paris, 1982).
Jones, M., ‘Catherine (1401–1437)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Jones, M. K., ‘The Battle of Verneuil (17 August 1424): Towards a History of Courage’, War in History, 9 (2002), 375–411.
Jones, M. K., ‘“Gardez mon corps, sauvez ma terre” – Immunity from War and the Lands of a Captive Knight: The Siege of Orléans (1428–29) Revisited’, in Arn (ed.), Charles d’Orléans in England, 9–26
Keegan, J., The Face of Battle: A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo and the Somme (London, 1976).
Kelly, H. A., ‘Joan of Arc’s Last Trial: The Attack of the Devil’s Advocates’, in Wheeler and Wood (eds), Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc, 205–36.
La ‘France anglaise’ au Moyen Age, actes du IIIe Congrès National des Sociétés Savantes (Poitiers, 1986), I (Paris, 1988).
Laborde, L. de, Les Ducs de Bourgogne, 3 vols (Paris, 1849–52).
Lang, S. J., ‘Bradmore, John (d. 1412)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Leguai, A., ‘La “France bourguignonne” dans le conflit entre la “France française” et la “France anglaise” (1420–1435)’, in La ‘France anglaise’ au Moyen Age, 41–52.
Lethel, F.-M., ‘La soumission à l’Église militante: un aspect théologique de la condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc’, in Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement, 182–9.
Lewis, P. S., ‘La “France anglaise” vue de la France française’, in La ‘France anglaise’ au Moyen Age, 31–9.
Little, R. G., The Parlement of Poitiers: War, Government and Politics in France, 1418–1436 (London, 1984).
Luce, S., Jeanne d’Arc à Domrémy: recherches critiques sur les origines de la mission de la Pucelle (Paris, 1886).
McGuire, B. P., Jean Gerson and the Last Medieval Reformation (Pennsylvania State University, 2005).
Mortimer, I., 1415: Henry V’s Year of Glory (London, 2009).
Murray, S., Building Troyes Cathedral: The Late Gothic Campaigns (Bloomington and Indianapolis, 1987).
Neveux, F., L’Évêque Pierre Cauchon (Paris, 1987).
Odio, E., ‘Gilles de Rais: Hero, Spendthrift, and Psychopathic Child Murderer of the Later Hundred Years War’, in Villalon and Kagay (eds), The Hundred Years War (Part III), 145–84.
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, ed. H. C. G. Matthew and B. Harrison (Oxford, 2004), online edn, ed. L. Goldman (2010).
Pernoud, R., Joan of Arc: By Herself and Her Witnesses (London, 1964).
Pernoud, R., and Clin, M.-V., Joan of Arc: Her Story, trans. and revised J. DuQuesnay Adams (New York, 1998).
Petit, E., ‘Les Tonnerrois sous Charles VI et la Bourgogne sous Jean Sans Peur (épisodes inédits de la Guerre de Cent Ans)’, Bulletin de la Société des Sciences Historiques et Naturelles de l’Yonne, xlv (1891), 247–315.
Peyronnet, G., ‘Un problème de légitimité: Charles VII et le toucher des écrouelles’, in Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement, 197–202.
Pinzino, J. M., ‘Just War, Joan of Arc, and the Politics of Salvation’, in Villalon and Kagay (eds), The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus, 365–96.
Plancher, U., Histoire générale et particulière de Bourgogne, 4 vols (Dijon, 1739–81).
Pollard, A. J., ‘Talbot, John, first earl of Shrewsbury and first earl of Waterford (c.1387–1453)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Ramsay, J. H., Lancaster and York: A Century of English History, I (Oxford, 1892).
Rowe, B. J. H., ‘Discipline in the Norman Garrisons under Bedford, 1422–35’, English Historical Review, 46 (1931), 194–208.
St John Hope, W. H., ‘The Funeral, Monument, and Chantry Chapel of King Henry the Fifth’, Archaeologia, 65 (1914), 129–86.
Schibanoff, S., ‘True Lies: Transvestism and Idolatry in the Trial of Joan of Arc’, in Wheeler and Wood (eds), Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc, 31–60.
Schnerb, B., Armagnacs et Bourguignons: La Maudite Guerre, 1407–1435 (Paris, 1988, repr. 2009).
Senneville, G. de, Yolande d’Aragon: La Reine qui a gagné la Guerre de Cent Ans (Paris, 2008).
Stratford, J., ‘John, duke of Bedford (1389–1435)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Stratford, J. (ed.), The Lancastrian Court (Donington, 2003).
Sullivan, K., ‘“I do not name to you the voice of St Michael”: The Identification of Joan of Arc’s Voices’, in Wheeler and Wood (eds), Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc, 85–112.
<
br /> Sullivan, K., The Interrogation of Joan of Arc (Minneapolis, 1999).
Taburet-Delahaye, E., (ed.), Paris 1400: Les Arts sous Charles VI (Paris, 2004).
Taylor, L. J., The Virgin Warrior: The Life and Death of Joan of Arc (New Haven and London, 2009).
Thompson, G. L., ‘“Monseigneur Saint Denis”, His Abbey, and His Town, under English Occupation, 1420–1436’, in Allmand (ed.), Power, Culture and Religion, 15–35.
Thompson, G. L., Paris and Its People under English Rule: The Anglo-Burgundian Regime, 1420–1436 (Oxford, 1991).
Tobin, M., ‘Le livre des révélations de Marie Robine (+1399): Étude et édition’, in Mélanges de l’École Française de Rome, Moyen-Age, Temps Modernes, 98 (1986), 229–64.
Vale, M. G. A., Charles VII (London, 1974).
Vale, M., ‘Jeanne d’Arc et ses adversaires: Jeanne, victime d’une guerre civile?’ in Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement, 203–16.
Valois, N., ‘Conseils et prédictions adressés à Charles VII, en 1445’, Annuaire-Bulletin de la Société de l’Histoire de France, XLVI (1909), 201–38.
van Herwaarden, J., ‘The appearance of Joan of Arc’, in van Herwaarden (ed.), Joan of Arc: Reality and Myth, 19–74.
van Herwaarden, J. (ed.), Joan of Arc: Reality and Myth (Hilversum, 1994).
Vauchez, A., ‘Jeanne d’Arc et le prophétisme féminin des XIVe et XVe siècles’, in Jeanne d’Arc: Une époque, un rayonnement, 159–68.
Vaughan, R., Philip the Bold: The Formation of the Burgundian State (London, 1962, repr. Woodbridge, 2002).
Vaughan, R., John the Fearless: The Growth of Burgundian Power (London, 1966, repr. Woodbridge, 2002).
Vaughan, R., Philip the Good: The Apogee of Burgundy (London, 1970, repr. Woodbridge, 2002).
Villalon, L. J. A., and Kagay, D. J. (eds), The Hundred Years War: A Wider Focus (Leiden and Boston, 2005).
Villalon, L. J. A., and Kagay, D. J. (eds), The Hundred Years War (Part III): Further Considerations (Leiden and Boston, 2013).
Vincent, N., Holy Blood: King Henry III and the Westminster Blood Relic (Cambridge, 2001).
Viriville, V. de (trans. and ed.), Procès de Condamnation de Jeanne d’Arc (Paris, 1867).
Warner, M., Joan of Arc: The Image of Female Heroism (London, 1981).
Watts, J., Henry VI and the Politics of Kingship (Cambridge, 1996).
Watts, J., ‘Pole, William de la, first duke of Suffolk (1396–1450), Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
Wheeler, B., ‘Joan of Arc’s Sword in the Stone’, in Wheeler and Wood (eds), Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc, xi–xvi.
Wheeler, B., and Wood, C. T. (eds), Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc (New York, 1996).
Wilson-Smith, T., Joan of Arc: Maid, Myth and History (Stroud, 2006).
Wirth, R. (ed.), Primary Sources and Context concerning Joan of Arc’s Male Clothing, Historical Academy (Association) for Joan of Arc Studies (2006).
Wood, C. T., ‘Joan of Arc’s mission and the lost record of her interrogation at Poitiers’, in Wheeler and Wood (eds), Fresh Verdicts on Joan of Arc, 19–28.
Wylie, J. H., and Waugh, W. T., The Reign of Henry V, III (Cambridge, 1929).
Zachariadou, E., ‘The Ottoman World’, in Allmand (ed.), New Cambridge Medieval History VII, 812–30.
Acknowledgements
The debts I’ve incurred in the writing of this book begin with my agent and my editor, without whom I wouldn’t have had the chance to tell Joan’s story. I couldn’t ask for more thoughtful guidance or boundless support than that provided by Patrick Walsh, with the able assistance of Alex Christofi and Carrie Plitt, nor could I hope for a wiser or more insightful editor than Walter Donohue. To him, and to the whole Faber team who have brought the book into being – especially Kate Ward, Donna Payne, Kate Burton, Eleanor Rees, Peter McAdie, Sarah Ereira and András Bereznay – I am immensely grateful.
For their generosity in sharing references, advice and encouragement, I owe huge thanks to Dan Jones, my friend in the fifteenth century as well as the twenty-first; to Rowena Archer, Hannah Skoda and the students taking the ‘Joan of Arc’ Special Subject in Oxford University’s History Faculty, who welcomed me to one of their illuminating seminars; and to Richard Beadle and Jenny Stratford, on whose expertise it is a privilege to call. I have benefited too from discussing Joan with Lucy Swingler, Lucy Parker, Ross Wilson and Jacqui Hayden, brilliant storytellers in another medium. I am sorry that I couldn’t use Arabella Weir’s inspired title for the book, but she has been with me every step of the way, as have Jo Marsh, Katie Brown and Thalia Walters, and I can only hope that they and every one of my friends and family know how much difference they make.
My parents, Gwyneth and Grahame Castor, have been an unfailing source of support of all kinds, practical, emotional and intellectual. Julian Ferraro, my first and most necessary reader, has both held the fort and helped. The book is for Luca, our gorgeous boy, to thank him for his patience, and in the hope that he might like it.
Helen Castor
London, 2014
Index
Subentries are in chronological order
Agincourt, see Azincourt
Agnes of Burgundy, 1
Albany, duke of, 1
Albergati, Cardinal Niccolò, 1 , 2 , 3
Alençon, English capture (1418), 1
Alençon, Jean, duke of, 1 , 2 , 3
Alençon, Jean, duke of (son of above): Normandy campaign, 1 ;
Verneuil trick, 1 ;
captured, 1 ;
ransomed, 1 , 2 ;
meeting with Joan, 1 ;
troops for Orléans, 1 ;
Jargeau siege, 1 ;
Richemont encounter, 1 ;
Patay battle, 1 ;
at Sully after battle, 1 ;
at coronation of Charles, 1 ;
Montepilloy battle, 1 ;
arrival at Saint-Denis, 1 ;
news of king’s retreat, 1 ;
Normandy campaign, 1 ;
as witness to Joan’s sign, 1 ;
revolts, 1 , 2 ;
pardoned, 1 ;
illness, 1 ;
memories of Joan, 1 , 2 , 3 ;
arrest for treason, 1
Amiens, Burgundian occupation (1417), 1
Anjou, duchy of, 1
Anjou, Louis, duke of, 1 , 2
Anjou, Louis (son of above), duke of, 1 , 2
Anjou, see also Charles, Margaret, Marie, René
Anne of Burgundy, duchess of Bedford: father’s murder, 1 ;
character, 1 ;
marriage, 1 , 2 ;
relationship with husband, 1 , 2 ;
diplomacy, 1 ;
in Paris, 1 ;
brother’s wedding, 1 ;
examination of Joan, 1 , 2 ;
death, 1
Arc, Jeanne d’, see Joan
Arc family, see d’Arc
Argentan, English capture (1418), 1
Armagnac, Bernard, count of: character, 1 , 2 ;
alliance, 1 , 2 , 3 ;
constable of France, 1 ;
influence, 1 , 2 , 3 ;
exile of Queen Isabeau, 1 ;
death, 1 , 2 ;
reburial, 1
Armagnac, Jean, count of, 1
Arras: abbey-church, 1 ;
ducal palace, 1 , 2 ;
Armagnac ambassadors, 1 , 2 , 3 ;
snow sculpture of Joan, 1 ;
conference (1435), 1 ;
treaty, 1 , 2
Arras, bishop of, 1
Arundel, earl of, 1 , 2
Aumâle, Jean d’Harcourt, count of, 1 , 2
Avignon, papacy, 1
Azincourt, battle (1415), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
Bar, duchy of, 1
Bar, duke of, 1 , 2 ,
see also René of Anjou
Barbin, Jean, 1
Basin, Thomas, 1
Baugé, battle (1421), 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6
Bayeux, English capture (1418), 1
Beaufort, Edmund, 1
/> Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal: as bishop of Winchester, 1 ;
troops, 1 ;
in Paris, 1 ;
coronation of Henry at Westminster, 1 ;
at Calais, 1 ;
leadership of king’s council, 1 , 2 ;
at Rouen for Joan’s death, 1 , 2 , 3 ;
coronation of Henry at Notre-Dame, 1 ;
Bedford-Burgundy diplomacy, 1 ;
relationship with Bedford, 1 ;
Arras conference, 1
Beaugency, siege, 1
Beaulieu-les-Fontaines: Joan’s imprisonment, 1 ;
Joan’s escape attempt, 1 , 2
Beaupère, Jean, 1 , 2 , 3
Beaurevoir: Joan’s imprisonment, 1 ;
Joan’s escape attempt, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
Bede, 1 , 2
Bedford, John, duke of: military career, 1 ;
regency, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ;
military command, 1 , 2 ;
marriage, 1 , 2 , 3 ;
Verneuil victory (1424), 1 ;
in Paris, 1 ;
in Rouen, 1 , 2 ;
relationship with Philip of Burgundy, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ;
recalled to England, 1 ;
relationship with brother Gloucester, 1 , 2 , 3 ;
return to Paris, 1 ;
military strategy, 1 , 2 ;
Orléans policy, 1 ;
Joan’s letter, 1 , 2 ;
coronation plan for Henry, 1 ;
Duke Philip’s visit, 1 ;
defence of Paris, 1 , 2 ;
troops, 1 , 2 ;
letter of challenge (1429), 1 , 2 ;
description of Joan, 1 ;
Montepilloy battle, 1 ;
in Paris, 1 ;
peace negotiations proposed, 1 ;
coronation of nephew Henry, 1 ;
joined at Rouen by Henry, 1 ;
in Paris, 1 ;
news of Joan’s death, 1 ;
siege of Lagny, 1 ;
wife’s death, 1 ;
marriage to Jacquetta of Luxembourg, 1 , 2 ;
rift with Philip of Burgundy, 1 ;
in London, 1 ;
account of Joan, 1 ;
return to Paris, 1 ;
death, 1 , 2
Benedict XVI, pope, 1
Berry, duke of, 1 , 2
Blâmont, count of, 1 , 2
Boucicaut (Jean le Meingre), marshal, 1 , 2
Joan of Arc Page 35