Private Eye (magazine), 259
Private Members’ Bills, 73–4
Private Office, 257
privatization, 405, 417, 619–26
Privy Councillors, 263
Programme Analysis and Review (PAR) system, 117 & n, 120
proportional representation, 202
Provisional IRA, 480
public expenditure: cuts under Heath, 126, 144; and counter-inflation, 186; cuts under Labour, 192; Keith Joseph on, 193–4; reduced under MT, 270, 276, 317–18, 321–2, 329, 618; White Paper on (1980–81), 277; Conservative dispute over, 316; growth in, 320–1; long term implications examined, 401–2
public sector: workers’ pay, 264, 268, 273; growth, 273
Public Sector Borrowing Requirement: reduced under MT, 276, 316–18; increases, 320–1
Public Sector Debt Repayment (PSDR), 616
Pym, Francis (later Baron): on death of Iain Macleod, 123; and devolution question, 238; requests increase in defence spending, 316; leaves Defence, 319; as Leader of House of Commons, 320; responsibility for disseminating government information, 320, 329; criticizes economic strategy, 329; as Foreign Secretary in Falklands crisis, 348–9, 352, 355, 358, 361, 363, 365, 369, 372, 418; in War Cabinet on Falklands, 349; visits to Washington, 361–3, 368; differences with MT over proposed Falklands settlement, 362–4; announces US supply of Trident to Britain, 385; in 1983 election campaign, 411; on landslide majorities, 411; questioned about Argentina negotiations, 411; retires to backbenches, 418
Quayle, Dan, 700
Queen Elizabeth II (ship), 375
Queen’s Speech, (1979), 268
Question Time (TV programme), 411
Rabin, Yitzhak, 533
race: and ‘negro problem’, 24; legislation, 93; MT on, 222; and riots, 326, 328
Race Relations Bill (1968), 93
Raison, Timothy, 164
Rakowski, Mieczyslaw, 677
Ramat Gan, Israel, 533
Ramphal, Sir Sonny, 288, 537
Rantzen, Esther, 92
Rapier Air Defence system, 386
rates (property), 152, 155, 597; capping, 417, 597; replacement by community charge, 599; revaluation, 599; reforms, 603
Ravenscraig, 449
Reagan, Ronald: bids for Republican presidential nomination, 209, 213–14; relations with MT, 213–14, 335–6, 423–5, 430–1, 514, 518; presidency, 295, 334–5, 423; qualities, 335, 415; and Argentine threat to Falklands, 344, 349, 365, 366; communicates with MT in Falklands dispute, 359–60, 365–6, 369–71, 376; attends G7 meeting at Versailles, 377, 389; and supply of Trident to Britain, 385–6; European mistrust of defence and arms control, 386; on repression in Poland, 387; anti-communism, 389; speechmaking, 389; and control of missiles, 396–7, 673; and Williamsburg G7 meeting (1983), 414–15; and intervention in Grenada, 427–30; on US involvement in Lebanon, 432; and US air attack on Libya, 500–2; Strategic Defence Initiative, 504, 511–12, 514–15, 517; on nuclear weapon-free world, 511, 514, 519; Soviet mistrust of, 511; meets and negotiates with Gorbachev, 516–17, 674; proposals at Reykjavik meeting, 517–18; MT discusses defence strategy with, 518; and Western liberty, 523; sanctions on South Africa, 536; and exchange rates, 630; MT meets after Irangate affair, 672; signs INF Treaty, 672–3, 675; and missile deployment, 673; and NATO summit (Brussels 1988), 675; visits Moscow, 675–6; address in City of London, 676
rearmament, 21, 36
Red Star (Soviet newspaper), 210
Redmayne, Martin, Baron, 167
Reece, Gordon: MT first meets, 158; supports MT in leadership election, 166; joins MT’s full-time staff, 182–3; and MT’s 1975 visit to USA, 207–8; and Red Star’s description of MT as ‘Iron Lady’, 210; as Director of Publicity, 225; and Conservative advertising campaign, 226; and MT’s policy on trade uions, 233; and 1979 election campaign, 244–5, 252; and Argentine claims to Falklands, 340; advises on television in 1983 election, 406; amd 1990 leadership campaign, 719
Reed, Douglas: Insanity Fair, 23
Rees, Merlyn (later Baron Merlyn-Rees), 224
Rees, Peter, 600
Rees-Mogg, William (later Baron), 35
Renton, Tim (later Baron), 713, 723, 725
Renwick, Robin, 541
Restrictive Trade Practices Act, 422
Retail Price Index (RPI), 271, 606, 710
Retail Price Maintenance, 85
Reykjavik summit (1986), 513, 517–18
Reynolds, Quentin, 18
Rhodes: European Council meeting (1988), 481, 681
Rhodesia, 212, 230, 286–9; see also Zimbabwe, Republic of
Ridley, (Sir) Adam, 156, 181
Ridley, Nicholas (later Baron): and industrial development, 137; promoted, 140; MT joins Economic Group, 164; appointed to Foreign Office, 262; as Transport Secretary, 422; moves to Environment Department, 558, 569, 601–2; and 1987 election campaign, 560, 564; housing reforms, 569, 576–8; and countryside planning, 592; promotes community charge, 601–4; and water privatization, 623; on monetary union in EC, 646; MT considers for Chancellor, 647; disregarded as Party leader, 660; moves to Trade and Industry, 661–2; leaves Trade and Industry, 724; supports MT in 1990 leadership election, 728
Rifkind, Sir Malcolm: resigns over Scottish devolution, 197–8; as Scottish Secretary, 494; meets Gorbachevs, 509; meets P.W. Botha at Chequers, 535; and community charge in Scotland, 602; disavows MT in 1990 leadership contest, 729
Right Approach, The (Conservative document), 193, 221
Right Approach to the Economy, The (Conservative document), 221
Rimington, Dame Stella, 92
riots (domestic), 325–8
Rippon, Geoffrey (later Baron), 125, 129, 179
Robbins Report (on higher education), 118
Roberts family, 1
Roberts, Alfred (MT’s father): background and shopkeeping career, 1–2; courtship and marriage, 2; character and principles, 3; as mayor of Grantham, 10, 13, 55; interests and activities, 12–13; reading, 15, 17, 22–4; civic appointments, 16–17; wartime duties, 26; supports MT as Dartford candidate, 47, 50; interest in law, 55; death, 104
Roberts, Beatrice (née Stephenson; MT’s mother): courtship and marriage, 2; household management, 9–10; death, 71
Roberts, Cissie (MT’s stepmother), 104
Roberts, Edward (MT’s uncle), 2
Roberts, Grandmother, 12
Roberts, John (MT’s great uncle), 6
Roberts, Muriel (MT’s sister), see Cullen, Muriel
Robilliard, Joy, 258, 734
Robinson, Derek, 311–12
Rolls-Royce: aerospace division, 128; MT’s policy on, 311; privatization, 620
Romania, 684
Romanov, Grigory, 506
Romberg, Sigmund: The Desert Song, 7
Rome: airport terror attack, 499; European Council meeting (1990), 666, 668–9, 711
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 42
Rossi, Hugh, 151
Rotary Club, Grantham, 9, 13
Rothschild, Victor, 3rd Baron, 119–20, 558, 598–9
Rover Group, 621
Royal Society: MT’s speech to (1988), 593
Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC), 472–3, 478
Russia see Soviet Union
Ryan, Patrick, 480–1
Ryder, Caroline (later Lady; née Stephens), 260
Ryder, Richard (later Baron Ryder of Wensum): as head of MT’s private office, 182; in Downing Street, 260; Plan (1975), 310 & n; discussions on 1990 budget, 618; campaigns for MT in 1990 leadership contest, 709, 727; withdraws support from MT in 1990 leadership election, 730; and Major’s succession to Party leadership, 736
Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 521–2
Saatchi & Saatchi (advertising agency), 225, 252, 411–12, 560
Sadat, Anwar, 530
Saddam Hussein: and Iran-Iraq war, 296; aggression against Kuwait, 671, 698–9, 703–5; threat to Saudi Arabia, 698, 700; defeated, 702; Western actions against, 702, 710; and Allied war aims, 706; survives First Gulf War, 707
Sakharov, Andrei, 211
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 5th Marquess of, 84
Salote, Queen of Tonga, 55
SALT II (Strategic Arms Limitation Talks), 211, 384
Saltley Coke Depot, Birmingham, 309, 437
Sands, Bobby, 467–8
Saudi Arabia: Iraqi threat to, 698, 700, 702; and blocking of Iraqi oil exports, 700; US forces in, 701–2; British support for, 702
Scargill, Arthur: and 1972 miners’ strike, 135; as successor to Gormley, 323, 325; militancy, 325, 436–7, 440; dealings with MacGregor, 438; opposes pit closures, 439, 444, 450; in 1984–5 miners’ strike, 442–3, 452, 454; dominance, 444; served with writ, 453; intransigence, 455
Scarman, Leslie George, Baron, 219, 326–7
Schlesinger, James, 208
Schlüter, Poul, 653, 659
Schmidt, Gerhard, 32
Schmidt, Helmut: official visit to London, 264–5; and MT’s determination to reduce British EC budget contributions, 281, 291–2; at Tokyo G7 meeting, 284–5; supports Britain in Falklands War, 351; and Trident programme, 384; and deployment of missiles, 672
Scholey, Bob, 309
schools: secondary, 100, 106–7, 109–10, 117; direct grant, 106; leaving age, 106; free milk and provision of meals, 111–13; primary, 113–14, 118; in Conservative 1987 election manifesto and campaign, 560–1, 564–5; grant-maintained, 565, 571–2, 575; and reforms (1988), 570–1; see also education; grammar schools
Schools Examination and Assessment Council, 573
science: government funding and support, 592–4
Scoon, Sir Paul, 429
Scotland: MT visits, 183; devolution question, 196–8, 237–8, 265; in 1979 election campaign, 249–50; rate revaluation, 599; community charge introduced, 602–3, 607
Scotland and Wales Bill (1977), 196–8, 237
Scotney Castle, Lamberhurst, Kent, 226 & n, 232
Scott, Nicholas, 164, 179–80
Scottish Conservative Conferences: (1979), 265; (1983), 408
Scottish National Union of Mineworkers, 440
Scottish Nationalist Party (SNP), 196, 237–8
Scowcroft, Brent, 683, 700
Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles (SLCMs), 675
Seccombe, Dame Joan, 567
Seldon, Arthur, 157
Selective Employment Tax (SET), 90
‘Selsdon Man’, 76, 102
Selsdon Park weekend (1970), 101–2, 121
Shackleton, Edward Arthur Alexander, Baron, 340
Shah, Eddie, 442
Shah of Iran (Muhammed Reza Pahlavi), 334
Shamir, Yitzhak, 532–3
Sheffield, HMS, 369
Shelepin, Alexander, 204
Shelton, Sir William, 167–9, 171–2, 174, 709
Sherbourne, Stephen, 409, 559, 561, 568
Sherman, Sir Alfred: supports Keith Joseph’s Centre for Policy Studies, 156–7; and Milovan Djilas, 213; and John Hoskyns’ strategic plan, 231; and trade unions, 233; recommends Niehans as adviser, 320
Shevardnadze, Eduard, 674
Shore, Peter (later Baron), 129
Short, Edward (later Baron Glenamara), 108
Short-Range Nuclear Forces (SNF), 673, 675, 681–3, 694–5
Shotton steel works, North Wales, 306–7
Shultz, George, 389, 431, 516, 518
Sikorsky helicopter company: and Westland affair, 488–92
Silkin, John, 413
Silverman, Sydney, 97
Simon, Bill, 208
single currency: Conservative resistance to, 711–12, 719
Single European Act (1985–6), 554–5, 653–4
Sinn Fein, 473
Sir Galahad (landing ship), 378
Sir Tristram (landing ship), 378
Sirs, Bill, 304, 307–9
Skegness, 12
Skinner, Dennis, 735
Skinner, Rev., 7–8, 54
SLADE printing union, 241, 302–3
Smith, Ian, 212
Smith, Paddi Victor, 72
Soames, Christopher, Baron, 262, 289, 331
Soames, Mary, Lady (née Churchill), 289
Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP, Northern Ireland), 465, 467, 469–70, 472, 476, 479
Social Democratic Party (SDP): alliance with Liberals, 332, 393; policies, 394; on trade union control, 399
Social Security: and benefits, 79–81; and case work, 80
Social Security, Department of: Moore heads, 584
socialism: established in Britain, 40–1; MT’s hostility to, 417, 586, 619; and EC’s Social Charter, 659
society: moral values, 96–8, 586–7; MT’s view of, 402–3, 587–90; and state intervention, 586–7
SOGAT, 309
Solidarity (Poland), 334, 387, 676–80, 683
Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 211
Somerville College see Oxford University
South Africa: arms embargo, 123; USA proposes and imposes sanctions, 212, 536; conditions and system, 525, 534–5; rioting and unrest (1985), 535–6; rule in Namibia, 535; discussed by Commonwealth heads at Nassau (Bahamas) meeting, 536–8; and ‘eminent persons group’, 538–9; attacks ANC bases, 539; Special Commonwealth Conference on, 539; EC proposes sanctions, 540–1; reforms and changes, 541, 543–5; under de Klerk, 541; violence between blacks, 543; MT visits, 543; sanctions relaxed, 544
South Georgia, 340, 342–3, 356, 359, 361–2, 364–5, 371
South Korea: airliner shot down by USSR, 504
South Sandwich Islands, 340–1
Southall: riots, 326
Southern Thule, 341
Soviet Union: pact with Nazis (1939), 24; Hitler invades, 26–7; hostility to West, 42; MT visits, 99, 507–8, 516, 519–22; China separated from, 203; Kissinger’s policy on, 203; and Helsinki Summit, 204–7; MT criticizes, 204–5, 210; and nuclear arms control, 204, 211, 382, 397, 424, 517–19; as threat, 211–13; invades Afghanistan, 213, 284, 293–5, 297, 338, 384, 521; and Third World, 334, 338; and Falklands War, 346, 352–3; defence expenditure, 381; seeks to split NATO powers, 381–2; and Polish martial law, 387; US sanctions against, 387–9; and West’s Cruise missiles, 395–6; Reagan’s policy on, 424; gives support to striking NUM, 453; MT’s policy on, 504–6; proposes nuclear-free zone in Europe, 504; shoots down South Korean airliner, 504; and anti-ballistic missiles, 513; and Strategic Defence Initiative, 515, 519; expulsions from Britain, 516; Gorbachev assumes leadership, 516; aspiration to world communism, 520; dissidents and refuseniks in, 522; decline, 666; borders, 668; West’s relations with after communist collapse, 670; political crisis and control of nuclear weapons, 671; arms control negotiations and agreement with USA, 673, 675; and Gorbachev’s reforms, 673–4, 684, 691–2; withdrawal from Afghanistan, 674–5; Reagan visits, 675–6; and collapse of communism, 684; opposes German reunification, 685–6
Soward, Mr & Mrs Stanley, 48
Spain: supports Argentina in Falklands dispute, 352, 377; and US air attack on Libya, 501; admitted to EC, 549–50
Special advisers, 405
Special Air Service (SAS), 296
Special Commonwealth Conference on South Africa, 539
Spicer, Michael, 406
Sri Lanka, 537
SS-20 missiles (Soviet), 672
Stalin, Joseph, 42
Stalingrad, 27
Stalker-Simpson Report (on shoot-to-kill in Northern Ireland), 478 & n
Standard Spending Assessment (SSA), 606
Stanley, John, 151, 195
Stansgate, William Wedgwood Benn, 1st Viscount, 35
START (Strategic Arms Reduction Talks: US-Soviet), 674–6
state, the: and moral values, 96; in operation of economy, 298
States of Emergency: (1970), 122; and 1972 miners’ strike, 135
Steel, David (later Baron), 96, 198, 223, 564
Stephenson, Grandmother, 12
‘Stepping Stones’ operation, 231–2
Stevas, Norman St John (later Baron St John of Fawsley), 319
Stock Exchan
ge (London), 422; and Black Monday, 634
Stowe, Ken, 256, 261
Strachey, John: The Coming Struggle for Power, 23
Strasbourg: European Council meeting (1989), 663, 689
Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI), 504, 511–15, 517, 519, 521, 676
Strauss, Norman, 231
Streator, Ed, 352
strikes: restricted under Heath, 127, 141; and imprisonment of strikers, 138; in winter of 1978–9, 215, 227–8, 231, 236, 241; steel (1980), 306–9; at British Leyland, 313; civil service (1981), 323; prevention, 399–400; and essential services, 400, 406; reduced, 613; see also dock strikes; miners’ strikes
student loans, 575
student protest, 114–15
student unions: financing, 114–15
Stuttgart: European Council meeting (1983), 470
Suez crisis (1956), 60–1
Sumner, Donald, 69
Sun (newspaper), 111–12, 201
Sunday Graphic, 55
Sunday Times, 453
Sununu, John, 700
supply side (of economy), 612
Suzuki, Zenko, 377–8
Switzerland: MT holidays in, 423
Syria, 426, 703
Taiwan, 528
Talleyrand, Charles-Maurice de, 7
Tamworth manifesto (1835), 404
Tanzania, 337
Taraki, Nur Muhammed, 293
TASM (nuclear weapons), 694
Tax and Price Index (TPI), 171n
taxation: Labour policy on, 102; Heath cuts, 126; and mortgage interest relief, 151–2, 615, 617; MT’s proposals on, 155; basic rate increased (1975), 185–6; basic rate reduced (1978, 1979), 225, 300; and Conservative budgets, 271–2, 616; indirect, 271; in Howe’s 1981 budget, 321–2; reforms under Conservatives, 560, 615; property, 597; Lawson’s reforms, 616
Taylor, Teddy, 198, 253
Tbilisi, Georgia, 522–3
teachers: salaries, 154; training and qualifications, 575
Tebbit, Margaret: injured in Brighton bombing, 461, 567
Tebbit, Norman (later Baron): in Department of Industry, 320; as Employment Secretary, 331, 398; proposes limiting trade unions’ immunities, 398; in 1983 election campaign, 407, 411; moved to Department of Trade and Industry, 422; and miners’ strike (1984), 442; injured in Brighton bombing, 460–1; as Party Chairman, 485, 559; and Westland affair, 487, 490; differences with MT over British Leyland, 497; press criticisms of, 559; and strategy for 1987 election, 559–60, 562, 567; attacks Kinnock in 1987 election, 566; leaves government to care for wife, 567, 569; opposes single currency, 712; MT proposes for Education Secretary, 713; supports MT in 1990 leadership contest, 718, 723–7, 731–2
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