In the end the two men wordlessly agreed. Bogan would shift to a ground assignment provided he could occasionally fly T-33s, “to keep his hand in.”
In two weeks General Bogan had been promoted to lieutenant general and assigned as commanding officer of the War Room.
General Bogan looked sideways at Raskob. He understood something of the disappointment that Raskob felt. He could recall his own initial impression of the WarRoom all too sharply. General Bogan had hated the elevator. The elevator shot downwards in one long sickening 400-foot drop. The last five feet of deceleration gave him a sharp sense of leaden helplessness. Then, after the elevator doors dosed, the small room in which one stood became a compression chamber. The air pressure in the War Room was kept a little higher than normal atmosphere so that no dust could filter in to foul the machinery or atomic fallout to contaminate the humans.
Another thing that General Bogan had disliked was the smell of the room. All of the dozens of desks on the long sloping floor of the War Room were in fact electrical consoles, which contained thousands of electrical units each coated with a thin layer of protective shellac. When all of the consoles were warmed up the smell of shellac became thin and acrid, slightly sickening.
It had taken General Bogan a long time to forget the old familiar smells of airplanes. These were the muscular and masculine odors of great engines, the kerosene stink of jets, the special private smell of leather and men’s sweat which hung in every pilot’s cockpit.
For months the War Room had seemed effete and too delicate and also quite unbelievable. With time General Bogan had changed. He came to realize that the desks, small and gray, were incredibly intricate. The quiet, low-pitched, gray and trim room was enormously deceptive. Simplicity was its mask. Its primness hid an intricacy and complexity that, when fully apprehended, was almost an artistic concept. By radio, teletype, message, written report, letter, computers, memory banks, card sorters, conveyors, tubes, telephones, and word of mouth, information came to the War Room. It came in the form of calculations, fear, courage, intuition, deduction, opinion, wild guesses, half-truths, facts, statistics, recommendations, equivocations, rumor, informed ignorance, and ignorant information; all were put through a rigorous procedure with one of two conclusions. Either a statement was a fact or it was expressed as a probability of fact.
General Bogan looked at Raskob and wished he could communicate his secret vision. The War Room had become a ship, a plane, a command, a place of decision. Although locked in hundreds of tons of concrete and millions of tons of earth the room gave him a curious sense of motion. Perversely, the descent by elevator came to have something of the excitement of the takeoff. From his desk, in the front center of the room, he had the impression of flying, and flying entirely on instruments. He also came to respect the crew of this strange vehicle of his imagination. They were professional, every bit as professional as any air crew he had ever commanded. He was not the faceless servant, an automatic cog, in an elaborate machine. The War Room was the most delicate of man-machines. Most of the time the machines received, analyzed, and made the decision. But just often enough it had been made clear to him that he was the commander. He was still in the profession of making decisions.
General Bogan knew that his visitors’ eyes were probably now adjusted enough so that they could walk down the incline to the Command Desk.
“Colonel Cascio, will you project the naval situation in the Pacific on the Big Board?” General Bogan said, starting to walk down the slight incline.
“Yes, sir,” Colonel Cascio said and walked briskly ahead of the party. By the time they reached the big central desk he had pressed down a lever labeled PACIFIC, NAVAL. Instantly the picture on the Big Board began to dissolve. The Mercator projection of the world disappeared. For a moment the screen was blank. Then in sharp strong outline the entire screen was covered by a map of the Pacific Ocean. Colonel Casdo looked up at General Bogan. “Would you like to start with the Russian submarine layout?” Colonel Cascio asked.
General Bogan nodded agreement. Colonel Cascio pushed two levers. Suddenly the map of the Pacific contained sixteen red blips. At the same time a small machine at a nearby desk began to click and a tape poured out of its side. One of the red blips seemed to be only a few inches off of Los Angeles. Another was a foot or so due west of Pearl Harbor. The remainder were scattered around the Pacific.
Raskob went rigid. Unthinkingly he jammed his fedora on his head.
“Well, sweet Jesus, you don’t mean to tell me that all those little things are Russian submarines?” Raskob asked. “That one there looks like it’s almost in Los Angeles harbor.”
“Sir, that Soviet submarine is approximately fifty miles from Los Angeles harbor, and in or under the high seas of the Pacific,” General Bogan said quietly. “Unless they come within the three-mile limit or give signs of acting in an aggressive manner all we can do is observe them.”
“Look, General, this looks dangerous to me,” Raskob said, “What the hell are they doing with submarines that dose to our shores?”
“I would presume they are doing the same thing that we do when we send U-2 planes and surveillance satellites around and sometimes over the Soviet border or set up radar stations in Turkey. They are scanning us.”
It was the kind of explanation that Raskob understood. He relaxed slightly. When he spoke his voice had a new hardness.
“How do you know that those submarines are Russian and that they are really there?” he asked.
“Sir, the Navy has spread a pattern of sonobuoys around the Pacific,” Colonel Cascio said. “They are extremely sensitive instruments and they pick up any kinds of sounds that are made any place in the Pacific. The information is transmitted to Kaneohe Bay in Hawaii and interpreted by a sailor-specialist there. The specialists are so good that they can tell the difference between a whale breaking wind and a submarine blowing tanks.”
Colonel Cascio turned to the machine on the adjoining desk and tore off the tape. He handed it to Raskob. “When the Big Board is switched to a specific projection a signal is tripped and simultaneously the various memory banks which store millions of bits of information are automatically searched for bits which are keyed to the projection. These come out on the tape.”
The four men bent over the tape which was stretched out on the desk. The first sentence read, “Soviet submarine Kronstadt, two torpedo tubes, operated radar equipment for 30 seconds at 1820 slant line 18 slant line 00. Submerged depth 120 feet, proceeded northwest to point WLDZ at 6.5 knots.” The tape went on to give estimates of the fuel level in various Soviet submarines in the Pacific, the number of messages they had transmitted, the time they had been on patrol.
“If we wanted we could tap another memory bank and get the complete strategic information on the Russian submarine situation around the entire world,” General Bogan said. “That would include the percentage of their national steel product that has gone into submarines, how many of them are nuclear powered, how many have atomic missiles. Almost anything.”
“I’ll be damned,” Raskob said. “That’s a nice gadget.”
“That gadget and the other gadgets in this room cost over a billion dollars, Mr. Raskob,” General Logan said, carefully keeping any irony out of his Voice. “There is another room like this at the Pentagon and another at Colorado Springs. There are also several smaller versions at other locations around the world. There are also a number of planes, one of which is in the air at all times, which give a miniature version of this same information.”
“Where are all these other rooms?” Raskob asked.
“I’m sorry, sir, but I cannot give you that information except on orders from my superiors or the President,” General Bogan said. He hesitated and then went on, warned by the flush on Raskob’s face. “It’s what we call ‘top secret for concerned eyes only.’ That means that only those people who have a need for the information and can demonstrate that need have access to the information.”
Su
ddenly Raskob smiled. “That rules me out,” he said. “The only use I could have for the information would be to sell it to the Communists or use it to beat hell out of the military people at an appropriation hearing. What other kind of stuff can you show up on that board?”
Colonel Cascio leaned toward the levers on the desk. Before he touched them, however, a blue light began to flash over the Big Board. It flashed quickly a half-dozen times and then glowed steadily. The levers on the desk snapped back to neutral position without being touched by Colonel Cascio’s fingers. General Bogan and Colonel Cascio stared at the Big Board. Already it had gone into another dissolve. A ticker machine at another desk-console started to stutter. The screen went blank and then steadied down on a large projection of the area between Greenland and Canada. From a door at the side of the room six officers entered and moved to various desks. As instruments and scopes at the desks went on the illumination began to brighten the room.
Both Raskob and Knapp were staring at the board and glancing around the room with fascination.
“What’s happened, General?” Raskob asked.
“I don’t know yet,” General Bogan said. Nothing in his manner indicated there was any cause for concern. “All I know is that we have gone to Condition Blue, which is our lowest position of readiness.” He glanced at Colonel Cascio.
Colonel Cascio turned and walked over to the machine that was stuttering. He looked at the tape and then tore it off. By the time he returned to the desk the map had steadied down and a tiny bright red blip showed between Greenland and the eastern coast of Canada.
“Gentlemen, that is an unidentified flying object which has been picked up by our radar,” General Bogan said, his eyes fastened to the Big Board. “Until we identify it positively it will remain a red blip and we will regard it as hostile.”
The two visitors stared, mesmerized, at the red blip. It moved slowly across the projection. General Bogan knew precisely what was going through their minds. There was a possibility that they were viewing a real enemy, a plane or a missile, which was flying toward the United States with a hostile intention.
“What are you going to do about it?” Knapp asked. Since he had entered the War Room his voice had never been raised above a whisper. Now the whisper was almost hoarse.
“That information, Mr. Knapp, is not classified,” General Bogan said with a smile. “The Soviets can make a good guess about what we are doing. We always have a certain number of SAC bombers in the air. They have been informed of the Condition Blue and will start to fly toward their Fail-Safe points,” General Bogan said.
“Fail-Safe?” Raskob asked,
“The Fail-Safe point is different for each group,” General Bogan explained. “They also change from day to day. This is a fixed point in the sky where the planes will orbit until they get a positive order to go in. Without it they must return to the United States. This is called Positive Control. Fail-Safe simply means that if something fails it is still safe. In short, we cannot go to war except by a direct order. No bomber can go in on its own discretion. We give that order.”
“They must get the order to ‘go’ by radio,” Raskob said. “Is that right?”
“That’s right, Mr. Raskob,” General Bogan said. “Actually they do not receive the order verbally but it is transmitted to a small box which we call the FailSafe box, which is aboard each plane. That box is operated by a code which changes from day to day and can be operated only at the express order of the President of the United States. You have probably read that he is accompanied everywhere by a warrant officer from the Air Force who has the current code that would operate the box.”
“Why don’t you just give them a direct verbal yes or no and save yourself all this trouble?” Raskob asked.
General Bogan could tell Raskob was becoming restless. His eyes were fastened on the red blip and its inexorable progress.
“Actually we do both. But an enemy could easily come up on the same radio frequency and give whatever message it wanted just by imitating the voice of the President or one of our commanding officers,” General Bogan said. With a smile, he added, “Remember that our President has a rather distinctive regional accent which can be easily imitated. Also, when people talk over the radio there is often a misunderstanding of what is said, especially if there is any radio interference. But there can be no interference with the FailSafe box. It can be activated in only one manner and at the express order of the President.”
The Congressman turned from the board and spoke sharply to the General. “And what if someone up there—or down here—cracks?”
“You will probably remember, Congressman Raskob, that last July, the Air Force testified before your committee on our program to give a psychological screening to any airman who had anything to do with nudear weapons,” General Bogan added, trying to keep the irony from his voice. “From generals down to privates.”
“Yes, sir, there are a number of people who believe that the Air Force has a high incidence of madmen among its air crews,” Colonel Cascio said with a smile. “A few years back there was a lot of upset about whether or not an individual madman, ranging from a general down to the pilot of a plane, could start a war. With this procedure we may still have the madmen around but there is nothing they can do to start a war.”
Raskob’s eyes were back on the Big Board. Now he licked his lips. When he spoke his voice had something more than the rasp of irritation in it.
“Well, what else are you doing?” he asked brusquely. “Jesus Christ, that could be an ICBM or a Russian bomber and as far as I can tell you aren’t doing very much about it.”
General Bogan could not resist. “We are doing a good deal right now. Fighter planes are flying toward the unidentified object, ICBMs are going through the initial stage of preparation for launching, whole squadrons of bombers are being fueled and armed in case it really is an enemy vehicle that is coming toward us,” be said, “But, Congressman Raskob, if we went full out every time an unidentified object appeared on the screen we would need four times the appropriations that we now get from Congress. All-out safety is a very expensive thing.”
Raskob missed the irony. “What do you mean ‘every time that this happens’?” Raskob asked. “How often does this happen?”
“About six times a month,” General Bogan said. “And if we went straight to Condition Red each time it would probably cost around a billion dollars.”
Instantly Raskob’s face relaxed, his whole posture became easy. He laughed.
“O.K., General, you win,” Raskob said. “I got that bit about the congressional appropriations. But you should have told me that, it happened six times a month. It can’t be very dangerous if it happens that often.”
“Sir, we never take a chance,” Colonel Cascio said. His voice had an odd sharp inflection to it, almost reproving. “Right now we don’t know what that object is. We treat it exactly as if it were an enemy vehicle of some sort. If we cannot identify it in a few more minutes or it acts suspiciously we will go to Condition Yellow. If we still are unsatisfied or things occur that complicate the picture we might even go to Condition Green. The last condition, as you know, is Condition Red. We have never gone to Condition Red, for that would mean that we actually considered ourselves at war and would launch weapons, all of our weapons, at the enemy. What all of this machinery assures is that if we do go to war it is not by accident or because of the act of some madman. This system is infallible.”
Colonel Cascio was wrong.
Branching off from the War Room is a warren of powerfully built and beautifully orchestrated rooms. Each room has a function. Each is protected by sheaths of reinforced concrete and a layer of lead. Each is air-conditioned. Each is linked to the War Room by alternate methods of communication. The whole thing is as symmetrical, efficient, and orderly as the mind and muscle of man can make it.
One room in the warren about the War Room is labeled Presidential Command Net. The door is guarded by an Air Force man tw
enty-four hours a day. Within the room-of classified length and classified breadth-there are six low, gray, squat machines. Above them is a sign which reads Fail-Safe Activating Mechanisms. Below that sentence and in heavy raised red letters are the words To be used only at express Presidential order. There are two desks in the room. One of them is in front of the bank of six machines. The other is behind the bank of machines.
Seated behind each of the desks is an enlisted man whose sole duty is to check the mechanical condition of the activation machine. The machines are deliberately not covered. All of the operating parts must be visible to the two inspectors. The air which is forced into the room is triple-filtered so that it is dustless.
At about the moment that Colonel Cascio said the word “infallible” a sergeant sitting at one of the desks stood up and walked around the bank of machines.
“Frank, how you fixed for cigarettes?” the sergeant asked. “I’m out.”
Frank tossed him a pack of Chesterfields. The sergeant reached to catch them. At that moment in Machine No. 6 a small condenser blew. It was a soundless event. There was a puff of smoke no larger than a walnut that was gone instantly.
The sergeant sniffed the air. He turned to Frank. “Frank, do you smell something?” he asked. “Like something burning?”
“Yeah, that’s me,” Frank said. “You bumming cigarettes all the time and then not paying me back, that burns me.”
They grinned at one another. The sergeant returned to his desk. Things returned to normal… almost. A small shield hid from the sergeant’s view the tiny knob of burnt carbon on top of the disabled condenser. No instruments on the table indicated a malfunction.
Congressman Raskob was a tough man. He regained his composure quickly. Now he was even enjoying the situation. It had something of the elements of politicsmit.
“Can you project the fighter planes that are flying toward the unidentified object onto the Big Board?” Raskob asked.
“Certainly, sir,” Colonel Cascio said.
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