“Exactly. Anyway, the first thing we need to get the software and see if it has been tampered with – or indeed if it’s merely defective. The problem is that even getting the software might not help us. It could be one of the configuration parameters.”
“You mean like the set up,” Juanita asked.
“That’s right. In fact, that’s what happened in Kent County, Michigan. A configuration error told the database that there was a smaller total pool of prospective jurors and it just cut out the zip codes above a certain number.”
“But then you’d expect it to be just one county; not several, like in this case.”
Andi paused for thought again and then her tone changed as she looked to her left.
“You know something, Juanita. For a legal secretary you’re pretty smart about computers.”
For a minute there was silence and then they both broke into girlish giggles.
“There’s something else I don’t get,” said Juanita. “If some one had tampered with it – or even if it was just plain defective – how come no one discovered it until now?”
They were coming off the bridge now.
“Don’t forget, the only reason I discovered it now was because I noticed that there weren’t enough blacks on what was quite a large panel. Usually the venire panel is smaller to begin with, so this sort of imbalance wouldn’t stand out so visibly.”
“A smart lawyer like Alex would notice it, Andi.”
“From case to case yes. But he’d probably just think of it as bad luck or look for other more mundane explanations. I mean that’s exactly what he did.”
“But you didn’t agree.”
“No and I’ll tell you why not. You see we went to a lot of trouble to get a change of venue and I did a lot of prior research about the demography of the various counties. That meant that I approached the trial with some very specific expectations about the venire. When those expectations weren’t met it stuck out like a sore thumb. And it was particularly surprising because it was such a big venire pool. That meant we couldn’t explain it away as a random deviation.”
“But you haven’t told Alex your theory that the software’s been deliberately tampered with?”
“It’s not a theory. Just a hypothesis.”
“Isn’t that the same thing?”
“Not really.”
“Still… I think you should tell him.”
“I’d rather not.”
“You mean you’re afraid he’ll laugh at you.”
Andi didn’t reply. It occurred to her that Alex would confide in Juanita. And Alex was one of the few people who knew that they had put pressure on her to take second seat in the Claymore defense.
Wednesday, 19 August 2009 – 13:35
Alex had been surprised to get back to the office from a deli downstairs to find it empty and a note on his desk saying: “taken a long lunch break to have a chat with Andi.” But he knew better than to make a big deal of it. Juanita was too useful an asset to reprimand. And if she thought it was more important to have a heart-to-heart with Andi than to answer the switchboard then he wasn’t one to argue.
He realized that Juanita was better attuned to women’s issues than he, and he assumed it was something important. He was well aware that Andi still felt uncomfortable about working for the defense in this case. She was in a relationship with a rape counselor and she herself practiced law in the area of victim compensation. She had done defense work in the past, but it obviously wasn’t something that gave her any sense of satisfaction or fulfillment.
And today’s events had been particularly traumatic. It was obvious why Andi might have felt the need to take her to lunch and encourage her to get it off her chest. The important thing was that the case was going surprisingly well, and that was due – in no small measure – to Andi. She had seriously undermined Bethel Newton’s testimony without seeming like a bully. Yes, she had reduced the girl to tears. But the tears came only when it was revealed that Bethel had made a rape accusation in the past and then withdrawn it. That was not something that would sit well with the jury. And they would have serious doubts about Bethel’s claims now.
The office seemed strangely quiet with Juanita not around. The business was in fact growing and he knew that unless Juanita finished her degree pretty soon he’d have to take on an intern, like he had two years ago, or even an associate or partner.
He realized that Juanita would have set the switchboard to record incoming messages. Now that he was back, he ought to set it back to receive calls. But before that, he noticed that the message light was flashing and it said on the LCD display that there was one message waiting. He pressed the button to retrieve it.
“Hallo this is a message for Alex Sedaka. My name is Jerry Cole. I’m calling from Ventura County. I worked in the lab where the samples from the Claymore case were processed. I have some very interesting information about the lab and how those guys operate. Please call me at…”
Alex scrambled to grab a pen and write down the number.
Wednesday, 19 August 2009 – 13:45
“Andi? Earth to Andi.”
“Oh I’m sorry.”
The embarrassment was palpable.
“Where were you?”
“I’m sorry.” Even now, back in the real world, Andi seemed confused, reluctant to talk. “Sometimes when I’m thinking about a problem I immerse myself in it so completely, the world could end and I wouldn’t notice.”
Juanita brushed it off.
“The thing that puzzles me is how could anyone fiddle the jury software in such a way as to exclude blacks? I mean the data on the voting register and drivers license records wouldn’t include any reference to race – at least not the data that’s fed to the court administration for jury selection purposes.”
“I don’t understand either. But if I’m right then they must have found some way. Maybe they rigged it to screen out certain selected names?”
“Like what?” asked Juanita, almost laughing. “Jackson? Washington?”
“Or maybe first names.”
Juanita’s smile widened.
“LaToyah? Denzel?”
“Okay! Okay! I get the point.”
“Look I’m sorry. I’m not trying to make fun of you. But that’s one explanation that’s not going to fly.”
“Well maybe they rigged the software to screen out names from street addresses with large numbers of people with the same surname. In other words big families.”
“That would screen out a lot of Hispanics, and a lot of Irish and Polish Catholics. Oh yes, and a lot of Mormons!”
They both burst out into girlish giggles at the absurdity of it. As they fell about laughing, Juanita put a gentle hand on the back of Andi’s – a brief moment of intimacy, camouflaged as friendship.
“There’s something I’ve been wanting to ask you Andi. Are you still uncomfortable working on this case?”
Juanita realized that she had allowed a note of seriousness to intrude into her tone. But unlike her half-hearted attempts at probing Andi’s strange reaction a moment ago, she sensed that Andi would be grateful for the chance to get if off her chest. She knew about Andi’s dilemma over Gene and the rape crisis center. But she wanted to know how Andi felt about it now. Was she comfortable about what she was doing herself – regardless of what her lover thought about it?
But Andi hesitated for a few seconds before answering.
“I don’t know why defending a person has to be based on attacking the victim. I mean, sometimes you’ve got no alternative, but why can’t it be done gently?”
“How do you assassinate a witness’s character gently?”
Andi thought about this, realizing that she was thinking with her heart and not her head.
“Well I tried to with Bethel Newton. I tried to focus on the possibility that she made a mistake. But I was also obliged to use the dirt we dug about her previous rape accusation. If I hadn’t, Claymore might have been convicted, but then he’d’v
e got it overturned on the grounds of inadequate legal representation. That would have hurt Alex too – and Levine and Webster.”
“That’s the way it works Andi. That’s the adversarial system. They put up their strongest case and we put up ours.”
“And for that we have to put the victim on trial?”
“That’s the way of the world Andi – the legal world at any rate. Alex calls it the ‘desanctification of the victim’.”
“That sounds like a nice way of describing an ugly process.”
“That’s exactly what it is Andi.”
“And what if you don’t find any dirt.”
“Well some lawyers use the hundred to ten approach.”
“Hundred to ten?” Andi echoed.
“It’s based on the theory that even a living saint has some enemies. And enemies means people who are ready to speak ill of that person. The idea is that if you talk to enough people who knew the victim, sooner or later you’ll find some one who’s ready to give you some dirt to throw at them. In fact you can usually find several people. Then you call as many of them to the witness stand as you can and turn the jury against the victim.”
“But why is it called the hundred to ten approach?”
“It’s based on the theory that for every hundred people who knew the victim, about ten are ready to say something mildly negative about the victim, four or five are ready to say something very negative and two or three are ready to say something extremely negative. Then you use as many of these as the judge lets you get away with.”
Andi thought about this.
“I suspect that if the victim was Alex you’d probably only have to speak to a handful of people to get the dirt you needed.”
They both fell about in hysterical laughter.
“We’re here,” said Juanita, still laughing, as the car pulled up at the white stone building.
Wednesday, 19 August 2009 – 15:15
“It’s going to be quite tricky without the source code.”
They were in David Sedaka’s office at the Berkeley Center for Theoretical Physics in the renovated LeConte Hall. He was sitting on a high-backed blue chair inside a huge wraparound cherrywood desk while Juanita and Andi – on similar chairs – sat facing him on the outside of the round end. It was the only part of the desk that wasn’t cluttered with papers, and that was because David had stacked them all up and moved them to the other side of the table to give them space.
“But you can decompile it at least,” said Andi, staring at David and admiring – in some inexplicable way – his geek-chic appearance. He was five feet six with unruly black hair and wore boxy, TV-screen glasses. She wasn’t drawn to him sexually, but he was the sort of person she could think of as a younger brother.
“Oh sure,” said David. “But without the original source code, I have nothing to compare it to for errors. And no explanatory documentation. All I can do is try to figure out how it works. And that’s going to take me some time. I hope I can finish before I fly out to Switzerland”
The room was flooded with light from a large window and the room itself was surprisingly large. Andi had assumed that academics lived in a very austere, comfortless world, all the more so when they were working in an old building that had been renovated to house a group of scientists who had previously been without a fixed home. David, they knew, had been a PhD for the last three years and was doing post-doctoral research into anti-matter. One of his predictions – that anti-matter can decay into photons without needing to come into contact with matter – was soon to be tested at the new Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland.
“I guess the first thing to look out for is lack of randomness,” said Andi. “Anything that interferes with the randomness of the selection, whether it has anything to do with African-Americans or not. I mean the glitch in Grand Rapids, wasn’t about race per se, it was about zip codes.”
“I’ll look for that and for anything that might interfere with referencing the database. Ideally we’d have a copy of the database itself. Maybe that’s where the problem lies.”
Computer programming as such, wasn’t his field. But like many physicists and others in science, he had some programming skills, along with his mathematical background and training. Also, he had a network of contacts on whom to call for assistance.
“We’ve got a hearing to get the source code on Friday. The software company’ll fight it vigorously and if they lose, they’ll appeal. So anything you can get from the executable will help. We might get the source code, but when is anyone’s guess.”
“I’ll decompile it right away, but I don’t expect to have time to look at it before the weekend.
“Whatever help you can give us,” said Andi, “I’ll appreciate.”
Thursday, 20 August 2009 – 10:10
The prosecution’s first witness on Thursday was Dr Elaine Weiner, the doctor at the sex crimes and domestic violence unit who had examined Bethel. She was in her late thirties, but she exuded an air of confidence, like some one who had testified in court before and wasn’t intimidated by it. Of course, the real test would come when she faced cross-examination. But she showed no sign of one who was looking forward to the experience with dread. Quite the contrary, she gave Alex a brief, challenging eye contact that almost seemed to suggest that she was looking forward to crossing swords with him.
The first questions that Sarah Jensen put to Dr Weiner, established her qualifications, occupation and the fact that she was on duty on the sex crimes and domestic violence unit that night. Then the questioning turned to the facts of the case.
“And could you describe the events that occurred at ten fifteen of that morning?”
“Well at about that time, a girl whom I now know to be Bethel Newton was brought in by Detective Bridget Riley.”
“Can you describe her appearance?”
“She was bruised and shaken and visibly distressed. Her clothes were in disarray.”
“And what did you do?”
They were using the DOAR Digital Evidence Presentation System, which enabled the lawyers to present audiovisual evidence of a variety of types to the jury, whilst allowing the judge to over-ride anything that the jurors were not supposed to see. The judge, current witness and court clerk all had standard size computer monitors in front of them, whilst the lawyers had laptop computers and additional monitors at their tables. The jury had two huge monitors, positioned on the floor a few feet in front of the jury box, giving them all a clear view.
At any given moment, it was the lawyer conducting his examination who had control of what was displayed, subject to the judge’s override. Control could also be handed over to expert witnesses.
“I took her to the rape suite for a physical checkup and to collect evidence samples. Once at the suite, I had pictures taken showing external bruising to the alleged victim and conducted a forensic medical examination with a view to establishing the cause of her condition and to gather any potential evidence. Specifically, I took clippings from her fingernails and vaginal swabs for future DNA analysis. I placed these in the appropriate containers, sealed them and marked them for chain of custody. I then handed them over to Detective Riley.”
Sarah Jensen pressed the button that showed the pictures on the screens. Alex had stipulated to the pictures, in order to save time and avoid appearing to be unnecessarily stubborn, so there was no need to call the photographic officer who had actually taken the pictures.
“And can you confirm that these are pictures of Miss Newton on the day in question?”
“Yes, I can.”
The pictures showed bruising around her wrists consistent with restraint by a strong hand.
Sarah Jensen pressed the button to move onto the next image. Showing the evidence bags with Dr Weiner’s signature. The doctor was asked to confirm the authenticity of the signature, which she duly did. Later Sarah Jensen would ask the lab staff who had conducted the DNA tests to identify those same markings against the lab’s record log to
confirm that this was the same evidence.
At the end of this fairly straightforward direct examination, Sarah Jensen said “your witness,” to Alex and sat down. The prosecutor expected some pyrotechnics on cross-examination, but Alex surprised her and the doctor by rising just long enough to say “no questions.”
The judge announced a twenty minute recess.
“How come you didn’t challenge her over the editorializing about Bethel’s state of mind?”
“The jury already heard it. And it wouldn’t make sense. Our defense is mistaken identity. Why shouldn’t she be visibly distressed?”
Andi shrugged.
In the press section, Martine left to do her report. She didn’t notice that a young black man in the spectator’s section was following her – just as he had yesterday. But then his efforts had merely been designed to learn her pattern of movements. Now he already knew the pattern.
Thursday, 20 August 2009 – 11:00
“So, do you think it’ll help?” asked Alex, “or is it a complete waste of time?”
Alex had decided to phone David during the recess, to find out how he was doing with the jury selection software. He had been persuaded by Andi that it was worth looking into. But the question was, could David make any progress in finding any bugs in the software – with or without the help of his friends in the math and computing department?
“Like I told Andi, it might. But it’ll be a lot easier if we can get the source code.”
David Sedaka was in his office in the renovated Old LeConte Hall poring over a huge printout of the source code.
“We have a hearing on Friday to try and get it. But I can’t be sure we’ll succeed. Can’t you just break it down into sections or something and work it out that way?”
“Not from the machine code alone, no. That’s why I need the source code. In the meantime I can decompile it. That means I use a piece of software called a decompiler to reverse the process and create a sort of rough copy of the source code.”
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