Archaeology from Space
Page 34
2. “The Antiquities Coalition Warns American Heritage Is a Casualty of Government Shutdown,” Antiquities Coalition (blog), 22 January 2018, https://theantiquitiescoalition.org/blog-posts/american-heritage-casualty-of-shutdown/, accessed 22 January 2018.
3. Brian Vastag, “Amid Protests and Looting, Officials Work to Preserve Egypt’s Treasures,” Washington Post, 30 January 2011, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/01/30/AR2011013003244.html, accessed 11 March 2018.
4. Elizabeth C. Stone, “Patterns of Looting in Southern Iraq,” Antiquity, vol. 82, no. 315 (2008): 125–38, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003598X00096496.
5. Sarah Parcak et al., “Satellite Evidence of Archaeological Site Looting in Egypt: 2002–2013,” Antiquity, vol. 90, no. 349 (2016): 188–205, https://doi.org/10.15184/aqy.2016.1.
6. Sarah Parcak et al., “Using Open Access Satellite Data Alongside Ground Based Remote Sensing: An Assessment, with Case Studies from Egypt’s Delta,” Geosciences, vol. 7, no. 4 (2017): 94, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7040094.
7. Across the world, colleagues are asking the same questions in their areas. Following on Elizabeth Stone’s work, many projects are now monitoring Iraq and Syria, where the level of intentional site destruction and looting has become mind-boggling. (See Michael Danti et al., “The American Schools of Oriental Research Cultural Heritage Initiatives: Monitoring Cultural Heritage in Syria and Northern Iraq by Geospatial Imagery,” Geosciences, vol. 7, no. 4 [2017]: 95, https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7040095; and Jesse Casana and Mitra Panahipour, “Notes on a Disappearing Past: Satellite-Based Monitoring of Looting and Damage to Archaeological Sites in Syria,” Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies, vol. 2, no. 2 [2014]: 128–51, https://doi.org/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.2.2.0128.) There are multiple videos of mindless brutes smashing 4,000-year-old stone monuments with hammers (“Casualties of War,” PBS NewsHour, 27 February 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DBrHUrUMifk, accessed 11 March 2018). But here’s a bit of perspective: the looting got bad following ISIL’s takeover—bad guys who hate culture destroy culture—but similar to what we saw in Egypt, I would guess that looting in Syria started to worsen in 2010 following the 2006–9 drought, alongside the global recession. The looting since the civil war began likely exacerbated an already bad situation and may represent ISIL cashing in on an already established market.
8. Protect and Preserve International Cultural Property Act, H.R. 1493, United States House of Representatives, https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/house-bill/1493 (19 March 2015), accessed 28 October 2017.
9. “Secretary Kerry Signs Cultural Property Protection Agreement with Egypt,” US Department of State, https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2016/11/264632.htm, accessed 26 October 2017.
10. Julie Zauzmer and Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “Hobby Lobby’s $3 Million Smuggling Case Casts a Cloud over the Museum of the Bible,” Washington Post, 6 July 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2017/07/06/hobby-lobbys-3-million-smuggling-case-casts-a-cloud-over-the-museum-of-the-bible/?utm_term=.e8d7123583da, accessed 7 March 2018.
11. Patty Gerstenblith, “Controlling the International Market in Antiquities: Reducing the Harm, Preserving the Past,” Chicago Journal of International Law, vol. 8, no. 1 (2007): 169–95.
12. Zauzmer and Bailey, “Hobby Lobby’s $3 Million Smuggling Case.”
13. Sarah Parcak, “Moving from Space-Based to Ground-Based Solutions in Remote Sensing for Archaeological Heritage: A Case Study from Egypt,” Remote Sensing, vol. 9, no. 12 (2017): 1297, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs9121297.
14. Tom Mueller, “How Tomb Raiders Are Stealing Our History,” National Geographic Magazine, June 2016, https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2016/06/looting-ancient-blood-antiquities/, accessed 28 October 2017.
15. Danny Lewis, “How ‘Operation Mummy’s Curse’ Is Helping Fight Terrorism,” Smithsonian SmartNews, 28 April 2015, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/federal-agents-are-fighting-terrorism-tracking-down-missing-mummies-180955113/, accessed 28 October 2017; “ICE Returns Ancient Artifacts to Egypt,” US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, 1 December 2016, https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-returns-ancient-artifacts-egypt#wcm-survey-target-id, accessed 6 March 2018.
16. Kathleen Caulderwood, “US Returns $2.5M In Egyptian Antiquities as Experts Call for Tougher Punishment on Smugglers,” International Business Times, 22 April 2015, http://www.ibtimes.com/us-returns-25m-egyptian-antiquities-experts-call-tougher-punishment-smugglers-1892622, accessed 28 October 2017.
17. Caulderwood, “US Returns $2.5M In Egyptian Antiquities.”
18. “18 U.S. Code § 2315-Sale or Receipt of Stolen Goods, Securities, Moneys, or Fraudulent State Tax Stamps,” Legal Information Institute, https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/2315, accessed 28 October 2017.
19. David Silverman and Jennifer Houser Wegner, “Unpublished Report on the Tripartite Coffin Set, Penn Museum, University of Pennsylvania Museum,” provided by a confidential source at US Homeland Security in January 2015.
20. “Ancient Art,” https://caryatidconservation.sharepoint.com/Pages/ancient.aspx, accessed 28 October 2017, link no longer working.
21. Jaromir Malek, Topographical Bibliography of Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphic Texts, Statues, Reliefs and Paintings. Volume VIII: Objects of Provenance Not Known: Statues (Leuven: Peeters, 1999), 846–47.
22. Blythe Bowman Proulx, “Archaeological Site Looting in ‘Glocal’ Perspective: Nature, Scope, and Frequency,” American Journal of Archaeology, vol. 117, no. 1 (2013): 111–25, https://doi.org/10.3764/aja.117.1.0111.
23. Louisa Loveluck, “Islamic State Sets Up ‘Ministry of Antiquities’ to Reap the Profits of Pillaging,” Telegraph, 30 May 2015, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11640670/Islamic-State-sets-up-ministry-of-antiquities-to-reap-the-profits-of-pillaging.html, accessed 3 February 2018.
24. “Notice: Two Sentry Guards Killed at the Archaeological Site at Deir el-Bersha in Egypt,” Association for Research into Crimes Against Art, 22 February 2016, http://art-crime.blogspot.com/2016/02/one-killed-one-injured-at.html, accessed 8 March 2018.
25. Morag M. Kersel, “Go, Do Good! Responsibility and the Future of Cultural Heritage in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 21st Century,” The Future of the Past: From Amphipolis to Mosul, New Approaches to Cultural Heritage Preservation in the Eastern Mediterranean, ed. Konstantinos Chalikias et al. (Boston: Archaeological Institute of America, 2016), 5–10.
26. Morag Kersel and Andrew C. Hill, “Aerial Innovations: Using Drones to Document Looting,” Oriental Institute News and Notes, no. 224 (2015): 8–9.
Chapter 12
1. See “Galaxy Zoo,” https://www.zooniverse.org/projects/zookeeper/galaxy-zoo/, accessed 19 February 2018.
2. See “Eyewire,” https://eyewire.org/explore, accessed 19 February 2018.
3. See “Levantine Ceramics Project,” https://www.levantineceramics.org/, accessed 17 February 2018.
4. Karen Eng, “GlobalXplorer° Completes Its First Expedition: What the Crowd Found in Peru,” Medium, 10 April 2018, https://medium.com/@globalxplorer/globalxplorer-completes-its-first-expedition-what-the-crowd-found-in-peru-7897ed78ce05, accessed 10 April 2018.
5. Eli Rosenberg, “A Protest Damaged Ancient Monuments in Peru. The Repair Effort Led to the Discovery of Even More,” Washington Post, 5 April 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2018/04/05/a-protest-damaged-ancient-monuments-in-peru-the-repair-effort-led-to-the-discovery-of-even-more/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.ec70c0b29980, accessed 5 April 2018.
6. Chris Hadfield, An Astronaut’s Guide to Life on Earth: What Going to Space Taught Me About Ingenuity, Determination, and Being Prepared for Anything (New York: Back
Bay Books, Little, Brown, 2015).
7. Chris Hadfield, “We Should Treat Earth as Kindly as We Treat Spacecraft,” Wired, 25 November 2013, https://www.wired.com/2013/11/chris-hadfield-wired/, accessed 29 April 2018.
Index
The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages in your e-book. Please use the search function on your e-reading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Page numbers in italics refer to maps.
Abira (Egyptology student)
Abusir el-Malik
Abusir pyramids
Abydos
academic journals
Acheulean era
Acre geoglyphs
Adams, R. E.
aerial laser mapping. See LIDAR
aerial photos. See also drones
forestry and
georeferencing and
Afghanistan
Africa
agate
Ahmed, Ahmed Ibrahim
ahu (megalithic platforms)
Akhilesh, Kumar
Akkadian Empire
alabaster vessels
Alaska
Alexander the Great
Alexandria
algorithms
Ali, Mohammed Youssef
Al Jazeera English
Allam, Mahmoud
Altinum
Amarna
Amazon
Amenemhet I
pyramid of
American Research Center (Egypt)
American Schools of Oriental Research
Amerindians
amethyst
amulets
Amun-Re (Egyptian god)
temple of (Tanis)
Ancestry.com
ancient art
ancient lives and cultures
assessing value of objects and
cemeteries and
context and
ever presence of
human signs in objects
learning from
reconstructing life spans of
reconstructing technologies of
Anderson, Chris
Angamuco
animal remains
Ankhtifi (nomarch)
Antiquities Coalition
antiquities trafficking
repatriation and
Apulia
Arab Spring
Arafy, Reda Esmat el-
ArcGIS (software)
Archaeological Theory class
archaeology and archaeologists. See also space archaeology; and other subfields
academic research, access to
aerial photos become tool of
“Aha” moment and
amateur
basic assumptions of
crowdsourcing and
diversity and
field-school opportunities and
figuring unknowns of
funding and
future of
human story and
importance of small discoveries and
knowledge assembly and
low pay and
museum curators and
path to career in
perspective and
project design and
satellite imagery first used by
subfields of
technological advances in
unpublished records and
women and
area unit supervisor
ARGON
Arnold, Dieter
arrowheads
Artaxerxes III
artificial intelligence
Asaad, Khaled Al-
“A-sitting on a Tell” (Christie)
Assyrians
Aswan
Aswan Dam
Asyut
Attirampakkam
auger
Aurelian, Emperor
Austrian Academy of Sciences
automatic wireless upload
Aztecs
Bader, Bettina
Baffin Island
Bamha village
Bayon, Temple of
BBC TV
Bedouin workers
beer jar
Bel, Temple of
Belgium
Belize
Belize Valley Archaeological Reconnaissance Project
Bell, Gertrude
Beothuk culture
Berger, Lee
Bewley, Robert
Biggings site
Bing
Bingham, Hiram
bioarchaeologists
Birch, Thomas
Birka site
Blom, Ron
Blue Nile
bog iron
Bolender, Doug
bones
Book of Settlements, The (Landnámabók)
Boston Dynamics
Brande, Scott
Brazil
Brissaud, Philippe
Britain. See United Kingdom
British Ministry of Aircraft Production
British Museum
British Royal Air Force
British Royal Engineers’ Balloon Section
British Royal Flying Corps
Bronze Age, collapse of
Bunbury, Judith
Bush, George W.
Buto
butternut tree
Cairo
Cambodia
Camden, William
Canada
Canadian Geodetic Survey
Canadian Hydrographic Service
Canchari
Caracol
carnelian
Carter, Howard
Castillo, Luis Jaime
Catherwood, Frederick
cattle estates (Nile Delta)
cedarwood
cell phones
Central African Republic
Central America
Chaco Canyon
Champollion, Jean-François
Chancay culture
charcoal
Chase, Arlen
Chase, Diane
chemical signatures
Childs, Chase
Chile
Chimú culture
China
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Chinese Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth
Chirikure, Shadreck
chlorophyll
Christie, Agatha
Christodoulou, Shakira
civilizations, collapse of
Clarke, Arthur C.
Claudius, Emperor
Cleopatra
climate change
Clinton, Bill
Coben, Larry
Codroy Valley
Coffin Texts
cognitive archaeology
Cold War
color photography
Columbia (space shuttle)
Coluzzi, Rosa
Constantine, Emperor
copper
coring
CORONA satellite
Costa Rica
Crawford, Osbert Guy Stanhope
crop marks
Dahlak Archipelago
Dalga
Darius III, Emperor
Dashur
data sets
analysis of
cost of
dating techniques
Death on the Nile (Christie)
Decker, George
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
deflated sites
deforestation
Deir el Medina
Demotic writing
Denisovans
Description de l’Égypte (Napoleonic report)
De Souza, Jonas Gregorio
diet, ancient
differential GPS
dig. See excavation; sites
dig artists
dig director
DigitalGlobe
DigVentures
disease
Djedet (Egyptian god)
Djedkare Ises
i, King
Djoser’s Pyramid complex
DNA analysis
Dorset culture
Drake, Frank
Drake, Martha
Drake Equation
drones
Earth Resources Technology Satellite 1 (ERTS-1; later Landstat-1)
East Africa
Easter, Brent
Easter Island
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Settlement (Greenland)
eBay
Edfu
Egypt, ancient. See also Egyptian Dynasties; Nile Delta; and specific kings; periods; and sites
ancient Nubian sites in
ancient trade and
building traditions and
capital cities and kings of
civil war in
fall of civilizations in
hominids predating
information revealed in tombs and
Nile flood failures and
nomes and bureaucracy in
population of
span of pharaonic civilization in
unification of
unknowns remaining about
Egypt, modern
antiquities restrictions and
looting and
permitting and
potters’ methods and
weather and
Egyptian Dynasties
Fourth
Fifth
Sixth
Eighth
Ninth
Tenth
Eleventh
Twelfth
Thirteenth
Nineteenth
Twentieth
Twenty-first
Twenty-second
Twenty-fourth
Twenty-fifth
Twenty-sixth
Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities
Egyptian Museum. See Museum of Egyptian Antiquities
Egyptian National Authority for Remote Sensing & Space Sciences
Egyptian Nuclear Materials Authority
Egyptian provincial officials
Egyptian sarcophagus, illegally acquired
Egyptian Supreme Council of Antiquities
Egyptologists
electromagnetic spectrum
Elephantine Island
elevation models
El Hibeh
Emme, Eugene
Endangered Archaeology in the Middle East and North Africa project (MEGA-Jordan)