The Definitive FDR

Home > Other > The Definitive FDR > Page 174
The Definitive FDR Page 174

by James Macgregor Burns


  Congressional Medal of Honor award, 209, 261

  Connally, Tom, 47, 119, 164, 436

  Connally resolution, 428

  Connor, Eugene (“Bull”), 265

  Conventions: Democratic, 277, 316, 488, 497, 504-507, 508-511, 525; Republican, 275, 501, 502, 510, 511

  Convoys: American naval escort for British, 26, 87, 89, 98, 104, 105, 127, 141; to Great Britain, 38, 45, 57, 86, 89, 98, 111, 493; to Iceland, 141, 142; PQ-18, 310; to Russia, 233, 308, 310, suspended, 237, 288, 310, 313, 327-328, 367, 372

  Co-Prosperity Sphere. See Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

  Coral Sea, Battle of the, 225, 261

  Corcoran, Thomas, 62

  Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, 251

  Corregidor, 207, 209, 226

  Corsica, 295, 311

  Costa Rica, 185

  Cotentin Peninsula, 473, 474, 475, 477

  Coughlin, Father Charles, 211

  Council of People’s Commissars, 95

  Courts-martial, 493

  Cowles, Gardner, 513

  Cox, Eugene, 119

  Cox, James M., 356, 512

  Cox, Oscar, 351, 465

  Coy, Wayne, 115, 452

  Cracow, 536

  Craig, May, 172, 553

  Crete, 15, 76, 77, 204

  Crimea, 232, 237, 558, 564, 566, 579, 582; conference in, see Yalta Con­ference

  Cripps, Sir Stafford, 102, 113, 220, 221, 238, 240

  Cross-channel invasion. See Second front Crossman, Richard, 385

  Crowley, Leo T., 342

  Cryptostegia (rubber project), 341

  Cuba, 185

  Culture, wartime, 466-472

  Cunningham, Sir Andrew, 319, 407

  Curacao, 450, 451

  Currie, Lauchlin, 83, 242, 377, 451

  Curtin, John, 204

  Cuzon, Lord, 571

  Curzon Line, 187, 536, 570, 571

  Cyprus, 565

  Cyrenaica, 285

  Czechoslovakia, 15, 185, 474, 483

  D day: (Europe) June 6, 1944, 473-477, 481, 484; (Pacific) February 19, 1945, 588

  Dairen, 574, 577

  Dakar, 10, 13, 289, 291

  Dall, Curtis, Jr. (“Buzzie”) (grandson of F.D.R.), 269, 389, 447

  Dall, Eleanor (“Sistie”) (granddaugh­ter of F.D.R.), 269, 389, 447

  Daniels, Jonathan, 432, 451, 562

  Daniels, Josephus, 62, 300, 596

  Danube River, 301

  Danzig, 565, 582

  Dardanelles, 16, 94, 181

  Darlan, Jean-Francois, 109, 285, 286, 288, 291, 293, 294-298, 300, 319-320, 391, 422, 538, 548, 608

  Davies, Joseph E., 102, 112, 368, 371

  Davis, Elmer, 213, 267, 268, 296, 350, 385

  Davis, James J., 532

  Davis, John W., 356

  Davis, William H., 195, 196, 264

  Dead Sea, 406

  Declaration of Allied Unity, 183-185

  Declaration of war by the U.S.: on Germany and Italy, 175; on Japan, 165-167, 171

  Declaration on Liberated Europe, 572

  Defense Mediation Board, 192

  Defense spending. See Budget

  De Gaulle, Charles: character of, 286, 319, 320; and the Darlan deal, 287, 291, 295-296, 319-323; declines F.D.R.’s invitation to meet him in Algiers, 579; head of the Free French in London, 286; and Indochina, 591, 593; invited to England for D day, 481; kept out of negotiations with Vichy Frenchmen, 287, 291; meeting with Giraud, 320-323, 389: meetings with F.D.R., 320-323, 389, 480, 481, 482, 592; meeting with Stalin, 566; opinion of F.D.R., 482; re-enters Paris, 482; relations with Churchill, 295-296, 320-323, 481-482; relations with F.D.R., 287, 320-323, 480-481, 482, 566, 579, 591, 592-604; relieves Giraud of com­mand, 480; Stalin’s opinion of, 407; symbol of French resistance, 319; trip to Washington, D.C., 481, 482; un­authorized occupation of French islands off Newfoundland by, 184

  Delano, Laura, 599, 600

  Delano, Warren, 379

  Del Vayo, Alvarez, 391

  Democratic National Committee, 290, 503; Chairman of, 176, 276, 503

  Democratic party: Cabinet of 1941 re­flects

  main elements of, 39-40; coali­tion of liberals of, with Republican liberals, 274, 275-276, 279, 280, 511-512, 513, 524, 608; coalition of Re­publicans with Southern and con­servative members of, 37, 40, 305, 534; collaboration of, with Re­publican party in Congress, 594; con­gressional campaign committee of, 276; convention of, (1932), 316, 497, 508, (1944), 277, 488, 504-507, 511, 525; congressional, 275, 280, 503, 510, 524, 534, 594; declared by F.D.R. to be the “party of sound money,” 528; defections from F.D.R., 497, 503, 510; division of, into two elements, 37, 510, 511; divisiveness in, 276-277, 503, 510, 511, 525; of Dutchess County, 279, 299, 524; election of 1910, 4; election of 1920, 4, 512; elec­tion of 1940, 3-4, 5-7, 33, 36; elec­tion of 1942, 274-281, 301; election of 1944, 497-498, 500-516, 521-534; fund-raising banquets of, 273; in Massachusetts, 503; members of, as dollar-a-year men, 88; National Chairman of, 176, 276, 503; in New York State. 277; presidential, 274, 276, 281, 499, 510; setbacks of, due to fall-off in voter participation, 524-525; shift of urban vote to, 40; Southern, 36-37, 40, 305, 421, 427, 431, 437, 506, 510, 511, 524; of Virginia, 426; under F.D.R., 7, 36-37, 513. See also Congress; Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

  Denmark, 88, 104, 474

  Dennis, Lawrence, 453

  Destroyers, given to England, Septem­ber 1940, 11-12, 13, 15, 33

  Detroit, 268, 388, 466, 483

  Deutscher, Isaac, 496

  Dewey, John, 271

  Dewey, Thomas E., 211, 275, 277, 281, 301, 400, 499, 501-503, 507, 508, 516, 521, 524, 526, 527, 528, 529, 530, 532, 533, 552

  De Witt, John, 215

  Dickerson, Earl B., 264

  Dies Committee (House), 331

  Dietz, Howard, 307

  Dill, Sir John, 11, 75, 128, 182, 189, 318, 368, 407

  Dilling, Elizabeth (“T.N.T.”), 48, 453

  Discrimination. See Black Americans; Japanese-Americans; Mexican-Americans

  Djilas, Milovan, 484

  Dnieper River, 446

  Dodecanese, 325

  Doenitz, Karl, 243

  Dominican Republic, 185

  Don River, 237, 282, 308

  Donovan, William J., 73, 74, 384

  Doolittle, James, 224, 445, 588

  Dos Passos, John, 468

  Douglas, Emily Taft, 533

  Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 533

  Douglas, Paul, 533

  Douglas, William O., 194, 504, 505, 506, 509, 594

  Douglas Plant, Long Beach, Calif., 270

  Draft, the, 33, 38, 54, 120, 142, 246 265, 271, 335, 401

  Drama, the, in wartime, 271

  Drury, Allen, 450, 594, 595

  Duel for Europe (Scott), 272

  Duke of York, H.M.S., 176, 179

  Dulles, Allen, 585

  Dulles, John Foster, 516

  Dumbarton Oaks Conference, 429, 515, 516, 518, 567

  Dunkerque, 392

  Dunkerque (French battleship), 65

  Dun, Bishop Angus, 530, 606

  Dunn, Gano, 52

  Dunn, James, 398, 553

  Du Pont (company), 455

  Dutch. See Netherlands

  Dutch East Indies. See East Indies

  Dutch Guiana, 316

  Dutch Harbor, Aleutians, 225

  Early, Stephen, 8-9, 22, 61, 123, 163, 172, 176, 208, 291, 383, 451, 455, 503, 508, 530, 561, 602

  East Indies, 13, 20. 21, 78, 90, 106, 109, 149, 155, 158, 160, 173, 180, 182, 186, 203, 204, 223, 443

  East Prussia, 96, 565, 570

  Ebbets Field, 525

  Eccles, Marriner, 257, 352

  Economic bill of rights, 34, 528

  Economic policy, international, 514

  Economic stabilization program, 256, 260-262, 339, 362-363, 424-426, 434. See also Budget; Inflation; Office of Economic Stabilization; Price control; Taxation; Wage control

  Eden, Anthony, 11, 74, 75, 92, 102, 18
7, 188, 232, 238, 295, 312, 320, 364, 365-367, 389, 401, 407, 415, 515, 520, 537, 565, 567, 573, 574, 575, 577, 585

  Edison, Charles, 277

  Education, 355, 362, 464-465, 560

  Education and Labor Subcommittee (Senate), 332

  Egypt, 77, 288, 291, 308, 397, 567, 572

  Ehrenburg, Ilya, 97

  Eighth Air Force (U.S.), 446

  Eighth Army (British), 329, 382, 393, 394, 438

  Einstein, Albert, 249-250, 591

  Eire, 12, 13

  Eisenhower, Dwight D.: advocates cross-channel attack, 229, 318; advocates invasion of southern France, 440, 478; appointment of, reflects F.D.R.’s perspicacity, 350; asked to work out a plan of action for the Pacific, 204; and campaign in Italy, 385, 393, 394, 438, 440, 478-479; and command of operation OVERLORD, 415, 416, 494; congratulated by Churchill on gains in Italy, 394; con­sulted by F.D.R. on conduct of war, 443; and D day, 474, 475, 477; and the Darlan deal. 295, 296-297, 320; escorts F.D.R. from Oran to Tunis, 403; and French leaders in Africa, 291, 294, 295; headquarters of, in London, 286, 474; insists on preserv­ing II Corps as a fighting unit, 329; meets with Churchill and Marshall in Algiers, 371, 389; military triumphs of, helpful to F.D.R.’s election cam­paign, 528; notes F.D.R.’s happy mood during Casablanca Conference, 321; opposes appointment of La Guardia to his staff, 491; on the Philippines, 207, 208; postpones invasion of Africa, 290; preparations of, for assault on Africa, 286, 288, 289, 290, 291, 294, 295, 297; promo­tion of, to rank of full general, 319; recognizes inseparability of political and military factors, 288, 290; sees necessity for dealing with de Gaulle, 481, 482; supported by F.D.R., 296-297, 318, 560; terms of, for Italian armistice, 385, 393; troop strength of, in the Mediterranean, 370

  Eisenhower, Milton, 266, 267

  El Alamein, 285 E.L.A.S., 538, 539

  El Salvador, 185

  Elbe River, 585

  Elbrus, Mount, 308

  Elburz Mountains, 406

  Electric power, shortage of, 52

  Electronic equipment, 346

  Eliot, George Fielding, 300

  Embargoes: aircraft, to Russia, 94; iron and steel scrap, to Japan, 20; oil, to Japan, 21, 107, 109, 110

  Emerson, Faye. See Roosevelt, Mrs.

  Elliott Emerson, William, 494

  Emissaries, exchange of, by United States and Great Britain, 73-74

  Empire State Building, 348, 603

  Employment, rise in, in the U.S., 334, 355, 460. See also Labor; Manpower

  Employment Service, 54, 265

  Eniwetok atoll, 444, 485

  Enterprise, U.S.S., 222, 224, 226, 284

  Erikson, Joan, 8

  Ernst, Morris, 212

  Espionage, Russian, 459. See also Saboteurs; Subversive activities

  Esquire: cartoon by Dorothy McKay, 59

  Estonia, 15, 413

  Ethiopia, 384

  Ethridge, Mark, 264

  Etna, Mount, 382

  Euphrates River, 406

  Europe First strategy, 376, 378, 415, 545, 560. See also Atlantic First strategy

  Eve of St. Mark, The (Anderson), 271

  Export-Import Bank, 342

  Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC), 124, 264, 265, 421, 462, 463, 466, 528

  Fairbanks, Alaska, 371, 400

  Fala (F.D.R.’s dog), 9, 22, 35, 56, 121, 177, 447, 476, 488, 490, 523, 601

  Family stability, in the U.S., weakened, 461

  Far East, 12, 13, 21-22, 51, 107, 138, 144, 188, 204, 366, 485, 535, 537, 552, 565, 574. See also Pacific theater

  Farley, James A., 6, 40, 277. 506, 603

  Farm Bureau Federation, 197

  Farm Credit Administration, 460

  Farm groups, 197

  Farouk, King of Egypt, 578, 579

  Federal Loan Agency, 39

  Federal Reserve Board, 257

  Federal Security Agency, 460

  Fermi, Enrico, 249, 250, 251

  Field, Marshall III, 431

  Fifteenth Air Force (U.S.), 446

  Fifth Army (U.S.), 321, 394, 438

  Fight for Freedom Committee, 41

  Fiji Islands, 182, 283

  Films (documentary), 271-272, 471

  Films, wartime, 271, 272

  Finance Committee (Senate), 435

  Finland, 17, 68, 94, 187, 308, 365, 372, 412, 554, 567

  First Army (U.S.), 482

  Fish, Hamilton, 37, 45, 120. 152, 164, 211, 275, 278-279, 280, 390, 471, 526, 528, 604

  Fleming, D. F., 515

  Florence, Italy, 15

  Florida, 4, 224, 243, 364, 388

  Flying bombs, 345, 558

  Flying Tigers, 83, 242. See also Chennault, Claire L.

  Flying Tigers (film), 271

  Flynn, Edward J., 276, 331, 503, 504, 506, 565, 568

  Flynn, John T., 111

  Food prices, 259, 260, 424

  Ford, Edsel, 268

  Ford, Henry, 268

  Foreign Affairs Committee (House), 40, 45, 278-279, 427

  Foreign Funds Control, 441

  Foreign Information Service, 384

  Foreign Office, 537-538

  Foreign policy, of the U.S.; diplomacies determining, 551; in the Far East, 21-22 Foreign Policy Association, 526 Foreign Relations Committee (Senate), 40, 44-45, 47, 49, 361, 428

  Forest Service, 23, 62, 143

  Formosa, 156, 201, 445, 485, 488, 518, 540, 546

  Forrestal, James V., 39, 350, 444, 560

  Forster, Rudolph, 390

  Fort Benning, 601

  Fort Jackson, 270

  Fort Lewis, 269

  Fort Sam Houston, 270

  Fortas, Abe, 464

  Fortune (magazine), 307

  4-F’s, 560

  Four Freedoms, viii, 33, 34-35, 239, 271, 306, 381, 467, 470, 547, 608

  Fourteenth Air Force (U.S.), 445

  Fox, William T. R., 516

  France: Allied bombing of, planned, 305; Allied invasion of, 366, 374, 393, 405, 408, 411, 414, 464, 473-480, 481, 483, 489, 495, 545, 546; as an Amer­ican command, 538; and colonialism, 285, 592; factionalism in, 319; fear of German strength in, 313; the Free French, 10, 184, 481, 591; the French fleet, 13, 65, 285, 294, 296-297, 298, 309, 481; Germans driven out of, 534; and Great Britain, 566; and Indochina, 20, 78, 106, 109, 379, 591, 592; Italian campaign vital to operations in, 393, 395, 438; Jewish refugees in, 441; and the League of Nations, 567; military weakness, 566; and the North African invasion, 180, 319-323; postwar government in, 408; respect for F.D.R., 290; resis­tance in, 480, 482; F.D.R. opposed to American occupation of, 519; Stalin on, 408; taken by Germany, 15, 19, 33, 79, 80, 84, 93, 308, 576; Vichy government, 10, 11, 12-13, 14, 20, 24, 64-65, 69, 77, 106, 109, 285, 286-287, 290, 293, 294, 296. See also Algiers; ANVIL; Committee of National Libera­tion; De Gaulle, Charles; Giraud, Henri; Morocco; Africa: North Africa; OVERLORD; Pétain, Henri; Tunisia

  Franco, Francisco, 14, 15, 64, 65, 69-70, 73, 98, 288, 308, 311, 352, 548, 608

  Frankfurter, Felix, 38, 39, 44, 65, 91, 114, 22, 131, 193, 194, 257, 262, 296, 417, 457, 458, 591

  Free trade, 129

  Freedman, Max, 457

  Freedom, as a propaganda concept for both sides, 387-388

  Freedom House, 275

  Fulbright, J. William, 427, 533

  Gainesville, 603

  Gallipoli, 231, 287

  Gambia River, 316, 324

  Gandhi, Mohandas, 219, 239, 240, 242, 380, 381, 551

  Gannett, Frank, 500

  Garner, John N., 35, 270, 498

  Gasoline rationing, 258, 259

  Gauss, Clarence E., 541

  G.B.S. (Pearson), 272

  General Lee (tank), 268

  General Maximum Price Regulation (OPA), 257

  George, Walter, 40, 364, 427, 435, 437

  George III, King of England, 220

  George VI, King of England, 62, 282, 300, 410, 411, 593

  Georgia, Russia, 92

  German-Americans, 499; treatment of, in World War II,
268. See also Aliens

  Germany: Allied troops in, 545, 595, 599; Allied victory in sight, 565; army officers’ rebellion, 496; army re­tires to the Rhine, 518; attack on Russia, 68-70, 80, 95-97, 101-103, 106, 113, 143, 153, 186, 231, 282-283, 300, 308, 408, 483, 566, 575, 576, 586, 587; attempts to induce Japan to take action in the Far East, 69; and the atomic bomb, 252, 459; and the Balkans, 14, 15, 64, 65, 71-72, 73, 74, 77, 94, 100, 308, 392, 518; “Blue Print for Extermination,” 395; bomb­ing of, 17, 237, 244, 325, 345, 346, 370, 371, 445-446, 554, 557, 595-596, 601; and Bulgaria, 71, 73, 94; casual­ties, 546, 554; Congress declares war on, 175; counteroffensive, 553-554, 557, 558; and D day, 477; declares war on U.S., 173-175; defeat and surrender in Italy, 518, 519, 585-586; driven out of France, 534; encircles Rome, 394; and Finland, 308, 554; and Greece, 65, 71, 74, 76, 88, 94, 534; first American encounter with forces of, 91, 326-327; isolates Sweden, 308; and the Jews, 43, 70, 310, 386, 387, 395-397, 441; and Latin Amer­ica, 100, 147; Thomas Mann on, 358; military resistance failing, 585; mo­bilizes for a vast offensive on the East­ern Front, 228; Nazi plan to abolish all existing religions, 147; Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939, 15, 19, 93, 97, 183, 373, 399, 575; the “New Order,” 16, 18; occupation zones, 519, 545, 582; occupies Channel Islands, 308; occu­pies Norway, 33, 41, 80, 308; and Po­land, 15, 68, 80, 85, 93, 483, 534-535, 536, 569, 570, 571, 575-576; in the postwar world, 365-366, 409, 582; prewar relations with Russia, 93; pro­jected defeat of, 179, 519, 545, 546; projected destruction of the Nazi party, 582; propagandists, 386-387; proposed deindustrialization of, 520; Prussia, 96, 365, 565, 570; reaction to Lend-Lease, 26-27; reinforcements sent to Russian front. 327, 586, 587; reversal of fortune, 308; F.D.R.’s harsh attitude to, 441, 520, 566; F.D.R.’s insistence on direct attack on, 548, 554; seen as main enemy by Americans, 179; as signatory of the Anti-Comintern Pact, 19; as signa­tory of the Tripartite Pact, 16, 20-21, 68, 69; and Spain, 10, 14, 64, 65, 179, 286, 291; Stalin demands total dismemberment and crushing of, 408-409, 410, 412; strategy set for cap­ture of, 557-558; strikes in Ardennes, 553, 558; takes France, 15, 19, 33, 79, 80, 84, 93, 295, 308, 576; threat­ened invasion of Great Britain, 10, 14, 15, 19, 33, 45, 64, 73, 79; treat­ment of, after surrender, 519-520; tries to obtain supplies of heavy water, 252; and unconditional sur­render, 323, 409, 440-441, 548, 582; war aims, 6, 147; war production, 14, 554; and Yugoslavia, 71-72, 74, 76, 80, 88, 94, 253. See also Atlantic theater; Bulge, Battle of the; Hitler, Adolf; Submarine warfare: U-boats

 

‹ Prev