Marshall Islands, 202, 445
Martha, Crown Princess of Norway, 34, 125, 253, 581
Martin, Joseph W., 37, 164, 390, 456, 526
Martinique, 99
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 346
Matsuoka, Yosuke, 18, 20, 21, 79-81, 83, 95, 97, 108, 135
Mead, James M., 277
Mead, Margaret, 272, 280
Mediation Board. See National Defense Mediation Board
Medical Insurance, 364
Mediterranean theater, 15, 16, 69, 70, 73, 77, 78, 86, 87, 89, 180, 229, 243, 308, 311, 314, 315, 316, 318, 319, 325, 326, 328, 329, 333, 369-370, 382, 393, 395, 404, 405, 408, 410, 411, 414, 439-440, 478, 479, 480, 518, 538, 557
Meiji, Emperor of Japan, 138-139
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 68, 70
Melbourne, 209
Mellett, Lowell, 451
Memphis, U.S.S., 316, 324
Mercer, Lucy. See Rutherfurd, Mrs. Winthrop
Merchant Marine Act of 1936, 245
Messina, Strait of, 382, 393
Metallurgical Laboratory (University of Chicago), 251
Mexican-Americans, 265, 462
Miami, 243, 316
Michigan, Lake, 473
Microwave Early Warning System, 346
Middle East, 77, 85, 89, 115, 179, 229, 231, 235, 236, 313, 397, 557
Midway, Battle of, 225-226
Midway Island, 165, 172, 175, 202, 222, 225-226, 231, 255, 486
Migration, 355, 461, 466
Migration Committee, 339
Mikhailovich, Draja, 272
Mikolajczyk, Stanislaus, 483, 534, 535, 536, 570, 572
Military Affairs Subcommittee (Senate), 339
Military-industrial complex, 347, 466
Military operations. See ANVIL (Southern France); “Barbarossa” (German attack on Russia) ; GYMNAST (Northwest Africa) ; OVERLORD (Allied invasion of France) ; ROUNDUP (cross-channel invasion: abandoned) ; SLEDGEHAMMER (projected cross-channel invasion) ; TORCH (North Africa)
Mindanao, 207, 209
Miners, 263; strikes, 117, 194, 195, 335, 336-337. See also United Mine Workers
Minsk, 483
Miquelon, 184
Mississippi River, 473
Missouri River, 510, 528
Mobile, Ala., 388
Mobilization program, 118
Moley, Raymond, 62
Molotov, Vyacheslav, 16, 68, 93, 94, 95, 102, 113, 187, 231-234, 237, 238, 242, 325, 401, 407, 514, 564, 565, 566, 567, 571, 574, 575, 577, 583, 584, 585, 587
Monetary and financial policy, international, 514
Montecassino. See Cassino
Montgomery, Bernard, 291, 295, 308, 311, 329, 382, 394, 474, 475, 477, 560
Montgomery Ward, 454-455
Moon Is Down, The (Steinbeck), 271
Moore, Edward H., 356
Moran, Lord, 183, 573
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 8, 23, 25, 39, 45, 53, 60, 91, 92, 99, 105, 114, 121, 159, 173, 186, 215, 248, 249, 256, 257, 262, 296, 297, 299, 301, 352, 363, 364, 397, 433, 434, 437, 441, 442, 515, 519, 520, 530, 561, 594
Morison, Samuel Eliot, 225, 294, 546
Morocco, 173, 285, 286, 288, 294, 322
Morocco, Sultan of, 322, 377
Morrison, Herbert, 10
Morse, Wayne, 196, 264, 350, 533, 594
Morton, Louis, 495
Moscow, 80, 127, 143, 153, 186, 187, 188, 189, 237, 283, 310, 311, 314, 368, 400, 557
Moslem League, 219
Moslems, 218, 219, 220, 396, 397, 422
Mothers’ Crusade Against Bill 1776, 48
Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 11, 235, 317, 404, 414, 445, 541, 544
Mulberries (artificial harbors), 477
Munich, 14, 295
Munich crisis, 7, 93
Munitions. See Production
Munitions makers, investigation of (1930s), 47
Murdock, Abe, 427, 431
Murmansk, convoys to, 233, 237, 288, 310, 313
Murphy, Frank, 152
Murphy, Robert, 286, 287, 288, 291, 292, 293, 295, 320, 321, 322
Murray, James E., 427
Murray, Philip, 195, 260, 263, 264, 335, 341, 358
Murrow, Edward R., 165, 475
Mussolini, Benito: anxious to divert U.S. efforts to the Pacific, 20; forces of, routed by British in Africa, 68; Hitler plans to rescue, 391; invades Greece, 14-15; meeting with Hitler at Berchtesgaden, 330; opinion of
F.D.R., 158; proves to be more of a drain than an ally, 69, 70-71; receives letter from Hitler on Russian invasion, 96; resignation of, 383; reunion with Hitler, 394
My World and Welcome to It (Thurber), 272
Myitkyina, 541
Myrdal, Gunnar, 54, 472, 512
Nagano, Osami, 137, 138, 139, 154, 158
Nagumo, Chuchi, 222, 226
Nanking, 19, 78
“Napalm,” 344, 345
Naples, 394, 438
Natal, 57
Nation, The, 133, 295, 391, 421, 467 National Academy of Sciences, 343-344
National Association of Manufacturers (NAM), 301
National Bureau of Standards, 250
National Defense Mediation Board (NDMB), 116, 117, 177, 194, 195
National Defense Research Committee (NDRC), 251, 344, 345, 346; Detection and Controls Division, 346
National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), 465
National Negro Council, 123
National Railway Labor Panel, 338
National Resources Planning Board, 353
National’ Science Foundation, 465
National-service law (“work or fight” bill), 424. 432-433, 560
National War Labor Board, 192, 263
National Youth Administration, 124
Nationalist China. See Chiang Kai-shek; China
Native Land (documentary film), 271
Naval Affairs Committee (Senate), 40
Naval warfare. See Atlantic theater; Convoys; France: the French fleet; Japan: Navy; Navy, U.S.; Pacific theater; Royal Navy; Submarine warfare
Navy, Department of the, 249, 344, 346, 352
Navy, U.S.: aircraft carriers in, 345; bombing attacks by, on Japanese cities considered, 86; Coast Guard cutters transferred to the Royal Navy, 88; defends East Indies, 223; discrimination in, 266, 268, 471; estimates of requirements of, submitted to F.D.R., 84; ill-prepared and equipped, 244; Japanese strategy against, in the Pacific, 486; losses, 224-225, 540-541; naval ships, production of, 193; naval war in the Pacific, 222-226, 540-541; reviewed by F.D.R. at Pearl Harbor, 488; F.D.R.’s partiality for, 349; F.D.R. rebuilds, 526; F.D.R.’s support of, 46; Seventh Fleet, 540; successes in the Pacific impress Churchill, 444; suffers its worst defeat, 284; Third Fleet, 540; V-12 program, 464. See also Atlantic theater; Convoys; King, Ernest J.; Marianas, Battle of the; Midway, Battle of; Nimitz, Chester W.; Pacific theater; Pearl Harbor; Royal Navy; Submarine warfare
Nazi-Soviet Pact (1939), 15, 19, 93, 97, 183, 373, 399, 575
Nazis. See Germany
NDAC. See Advisory Commission to theCouncil of National Defense
Near East, 51, 77, 422
Nebraska, 279, 281
Negro Newspaper Publishers Association, 463
Negroes. See Black Americans
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 219, 220, 221, 222, 239, 242, 380
Nelson, Donald M„ 194, 245, 246, 258, 263, 339, 451, 452
Nesbitt, Henrietta, 173
Netherlands, 33, 80, 137, 156, 185, 186, 558
Netherlands East Indies. See East Indies
Neutrality Act, 24, 26, 38, 101, 103, 142, 147, 148
Nevada, U.S.S., 162
New Britain, 182, 209
New Caledonia, 283
New Deal, vii, 8, 35, 37, 39, 40, 44, 51, 55, 60, 216, 257, 281, 301, 349, 422-424, 426, 435, 448, 465, 500, 501, 506, 512, 522, 529, 553, 603
New Delhi, 380
New Georgia, 444
New Guinea, 182, 202, 209, 228, 337, 382, 443, 444, 487, 592
New Hampshire pr
imary, 1944, 499
“New Order,” the (Germany), 16, 18; (Japan), 18, 20
New Republic, 58, 111, 274, 422
New York City, 200, 243, 460, 483, 610; F.D.R.’s campaign in (1944), 525-526, 532
New York Daily News, 212, 526
New York Herald Tribune, 22, 38, 142, 257, 277
New York Herald Tribune Forum, 296, 300
New York Journal-American, 132, 210
New York Post, 142
New York State politics, 275, 277, 279
New York Times, 22, 38, 45, 132, 142, 189, 206, 384, 391, 396, 453
New York Times Magazine, 562
New Zealand, 20, 185, 248, 329, 382
Newark, N.J., 388
Newfoundland, 125, 126, 127, 184, 490
Niblack, U.S.S., 91
Nicaragua, 185
Nicobar Islands, 202
Niebuhr, Reinhold, 516, 609
Niles, David K„ 451
Nimitz, Chester W., 225, 226, 228, 350, 444, 485, 486, 488-489, 490, 540
Ninth Infantry Division (U.S. Army), 321
Nishimura, Shoji, 540 Noemfoor, 487
Noguès, Auguste, 286, 293, 294
Nomura, Kichisaburo, 89, 107, 108, 109, 127, 134, 135, 136, 144, 146, 155, 156, 157, 158, 162, 163
Norris, George, 276, 279, 281, 301, 426
North Africa. See Africa
North American Aviation Co., 117
Northern Ireland, 180
Norton, Mary T., 40, 277
Norway, 33, 41, 80, 185, 231, 233, 234, 286, 305, 308, 310, 327, 474
Nuclear-arms race, 457, 459. See also Atomic bomb
Nuclear reactor, 251
Nutrition Conference, 1941, 53-54
Nye, Gerald P., 47, 49, 426, 429, 528, 532
Oahu, 160, 161, 163, 165, 225, 489
Oak Ridge, Tenn., 347, 456
Oakland, Calif., 270
Occupation zones, 519, 545, 582
Oder River, 413, 565, 582
Odessa, 446
Office of Civilian Defense, 116, 177, 198
Office of Defense, Health and Welfare Services, 348
Office of Defense Transportation, 354
Office of Economic Stabilization (OES), 262, 339, 340, 354, 363
Office of Economic Warfare, 342
Office of Education, 462
Office of Emergency Management, 191, 332
Office of Facts and Figures, 385
Office of Price Administration andCivilian Supply (OPA), 116, 197, 257, 258, 340, 350
Office of Production Management (OPM), 51, 52, 53, 55, 56, 191, 193, 194, 264, 344
Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), 251, 344, 345, 347, 464-465
Office of Strategic Services, 385
Office of War Information (OWI), 267, 350, 379, 384, 385, 451, 462
Office of War Mobilization (OWM), 340, 343, 350, 353, 354, 363
Oil: embargo, to Japan, 21, 107, 109, 110; establishment of commission to regulate production of, 354; sent to Russia, 135
Okinawa, 487, 590-591, 596
Oklahoma, U.S.S., 162
Olson, Culbert L., 215, 281
Omaha Beach, 474, 475, 476, 477
One of Our Aircraft is Missing (film), 271
One World (Willkie), 358, 512
“Open Door Policy,” 375
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 456, 558
Oran, 65, 285, 286, 288, 289, 290, 291, 293, 294, 402, 403
Ordnance (U.S. Army), 250, 344
Osmeña, Sergio, 596
Oswego, N.Y., 442
Oumansky, Constantine, 102
Oursler, Fulton, 103
OVERLORD, 405, 407, 408, 410, 411, 414, 415, 416, 438, 439, 443, 446, 473, 478, 479, 480
Ozawa, Jisaburo, 487
Pacific First strategy, 188, 210, 400, 500, 501
Pacific theater, 16, 20, 89, 90, 92, 106, 160, 165, 173, 175, 176, 180, 181, 201-209, 209-213, 217-226, 247, 255-256, 305, 313, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 333, 370, 375, 382, 400, 403, 405, 408, 443-445, 479, 484-488, 490, 493, 518, 519, 529, 539-541, 545, 546, 547, 558, 560, 565, 574, 575, 588-593; North Pacific, 383; South Pacific, 155, 203, 526; Southwest Pacific, 127, 182, 207, 209, 404, 414, 501; Western Pacific, 443. See also specific Asian countries
Palau Islands, 486
Palermo, 382
Palestine, 395, 397-398, 442, 578-579
Pan American Airways, 271
Pan American Highway, 57
Pan American Scientific Congress, 250
Pan-Slavism, 373
Panama, 56, 176, 185, 266
Panama Canal, 109, 173, 266
Panay, U.S.S., 21
Paraguay, 397
Paris, liberation of, 482-483
Passchendaele, 365, 392
Patch, Alexander M., 480
Patterson, Eleanor (Cissy), 212, 421, 453
Patterson, Joseph, 212, 421
Patterson, Robert, 39, 350
Patton, George S., Jr., 317, 329, 343, 382, 482, 492
Paul, Prince of Yugoslavia, 65, 71
Paul, Randolph, 363, 364, 434, 437, 441
Paul Revere Sentinels, 48
Pauley, Edwin, 503
Paullin, James A., 449
Paulus, Friedrich, 282
Pavlov, V. N., 406
Peabody, Endicott, 7, 131, 448, 563, 605, 608
Pearl Harbor: attack on, 78, 159, 160-167, 172, 173, 176, 188, 201, 207, 453, 470, 547; Japanese submarine captured at, 270; F.D.R.’s visit to, 488, 490; sabotage and espionage at, 215; ships in, 202, 222, 226, 490
Pearson, Drew, 398
Pearson, Hesketh, 272
Pegler, Westbrook, 216
Pehle, John, 441, 442
Pend Oreille, Idaho, 269
Pentagon. See War, Department of
Pepper, Claude, 47-48, 332, 532
Perkins, Frances, 23, 39, 40, 65, 117, 177, 198, 343, 361, 377, 412, 450, 515, 561, 562, 594
Pershing, John J., 24, 85
Persian Gulf, 68
Pescadores, 404
Pétain, Henri, 14, 15, 64, 65, 73, 98, 285, 287, 288, 293, 294, 295
Peter, King of Yugoslavia, 253
Petroleum, 342. See also Gasoline rationing
Petsamo, 412
Pew, Joe, 421
Peyrouton, Marcel, 319, 320
Philadelphia, 526-527, 546, 606
Philadelphia transit system strike, 510
Philippines, the: Allied forces driven out of, to be based in Australia, 204; Allied liberation of, 540, 548; Allied strategy in, 182, 206-209, 443, 444, 487, 488, 518, 540; American withdrawal from, 209, 501; attack on, by Japan, 165, 172, 175, 186. 201, 202-203, 206-209, 547; attack on Pearl Harbor thought to be attack on, 162; capital of, declared an open city, 206; capture of Luzon, 202-203; considered strategically viable, 150; convoy of supplies for, rerouted, 176; guarantee of neutrality of, included in Japanese proposal, 138; establishment of Commonwealth government of, 378; independence promised to, 209, 378, 379, 593, 596; invasion of, by Japan, 202-203, 218; Japan promises to include in Co-Prosperity Sphere, 218; Japanese movements a threat to, 78, 158; MacArthur as commander of U.S. forces in, 109, 150; MacArthur’s love for, 206; MacArthur’s promise to return to, 209, 485, 527; military forces of, mustered into U.S. service, 109, 172; need for strengthening forces in, 151; neglect of defenses charged, 206; plan to withdraw U.S. Asiatic Fleet from, 86; President of, 206, 489, 596; propaganda to, 267, 379; Quezon’s neutralization proposal for, 208, 216; F.D.R. deems it vital to save, 180; F.D.R. speculates on possibility of Japan’s attack on, 160; F.D.R.’s message to, 208-209, 210; visits of Japanese Premier to, 379
Philippines Independence Act of 1934, 378
Phillips, William, 62, 380
Pinchot, Gifford, 511
Pisa, 479
Pius XII, Pope, 152
“Plan Dog,” 85, 179
Plan Position Indicator, 346
Plays, wartime, 271
PM, 53, 307, 431
Pogue, Forrest, 85
>
Poland: as bellwether of Communist ambitions, 572; border problems, 187, 360, 361, 365, 372, 413, 483, 536, 569-572, 583; and Churchill, 534-535, 536, 537, 558, 569, 570-572, 583-584; cleavage between Russia and the West over, 558; conquest of, by Germany, 15, 68, 80, 93; elections, 571, 572, 573; and Germany, 15, 68, 80, 85, 93, 483, 534-535, 536, 569, 570, 571, 575-576; government-in-exile, in London, 129, 372, 413, 483, 534, 536, 537, 570, 571, 572; and Great Britain, 570, 583; high rate of literacy in, 572; invaded by Germany, 85; as issue at Teheran Conference, 412, 413, 569; as issue at Yalta Conference, 558, 565, 569-573, 583, 584, 585; Katyn Forest massacre, 372; occupation of, by Russia, 483, 539, 565, 569, 572; Polish Army, 474, 571; provisional government, 483, 534, 535, 536-537, 560, 569, 570, 571, 572, 583, 584; as possible target for Allied offensive, 305; and F.D.R., 129, 360, 372, 373, 412, 413, 483, 534-537, 565, 569-573, 583-584, 585; and Russia, 187, 372, 373, 374, 413, 483, 534-537, 539, 560, 565, 569-573, 575-576, 583, 584; as signatory of Declaration of Allied Unity, 185; sphere-of-interest problem emerges in, 483; and Stalin. 187, 372, 412, 413, 483, 534-537, 569, 570-573, 575-576, 583-584, 587; Warsaw uprising, 534-535
The Definitive FDR Page 177