Colombia, 114, 116, 119, 157, 180, 230
Columbia University, Sindona speaking at, 139
Comecon (Council for Mutual Economic Assistance), 50
“Commission, The,” 34
Committee for State Security (Bulgaria) (CSS), 209, 213
Commonwealth-New South Wales Joint Task Force on Drug Trafficking (Australia), 149
Communist Party of Austria [Kommunistische Partei Österreichs], 67
Communist-Socialist labor party (France), 54
Compagnie de Services Fiduciaire, 207
Comptroller of the Currency, 79, 134, 137
Condotte d'Acqua (Italy's water company), 91
Conein, Lucien, 31
Confalonieri, Carlo, 163
Confederation Generale du Travail [Communist-Socialist labor coalition] (France), 54
Consultants International, 207
Continental Illinois Bank (Chicago), 82–83, 84, 87, 92, 151, 155, 156, 177
Contras (right wing guerrilla army in Nicaragua), 194, 220
Cooper, Gary, 47
Copley, James, 59
Copley Press, 59
Coppola, Francis Ford, 92
Coppola, Frank, 49, 79
Corcoran, Tommy “the Cork,” 31, 41
Corleonesi crime family, 73, 157, 173, 174, 208, 233, 248
Corn, David, 212
Cornwell, John, 155, 161, 162, 163
Cornwell, Rupert, 223
Corpo Forestale della Stato (Italy's state forest police), 98
Corriere della Sera (newspaper), 163–64, 198, 226, 246
Corrocher, Graziella, 229
Corsican Mafia. See Mafia
Corti, Carlos Alberto, 110, 115
Cosa Nostra. See Mafia
Cossiga, Francesco, 103, 104, 105, 106
Costa, Antonio Maria, 280
Costanzo, Maurizio, 110
Costello, Frank, 35–36, 39, 79
Costello, Thomas, 177
Cottone, Antonio, 64
Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon), 50
Council of Europe, 45–46
Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), 25, 85, 130–31, 136, 245
members of, 130, 131–32, 135, 137
Counter-Guerilla (Turkish stay-behind army), 68
Counter-Intelligence Corps (US) (CIC), 72
Counter Intelligence Corps of the Fifth Army, 71
Credito Commerciale di Cremona, 60
Credito Italiano, 86
Credito Varesino (company), 134, 243
Credit Suisse (bank), 90
Crosby, Bing, 47
Crowe, William J., 132
Crucitti, Francesco, 211
CSF Investments, Ltd., 207
CSIS. See Center for Strategic and International Studies
CSS. See Committee for State Security (Bulgaria)
Cuadra, Elena and Estela de la, 125
Cuban Missile Crisis, 106
Cubillos, Hernán, 117, 245
Cuccia, Enrico, 234
Cummings, E. E., 27
Curcio, Renato, 105–106
Cutolo, Raffaele, 174, 213
Daily American (newspaper), 245
Daily Telegraph (newspaper), 284
Dalitz, Moe, 147
Dalla Chiesa, Alberto, 16, 235–36
D'Amato, Federico Umberto, 71, 109
Dan River (company), 92
Da Ros, Antonio, 164
Dayle, Dennis, 55–56
DEA. See Drug Enforcement Agency (US)
Decima Flottiglia MAS [10th Light Flotilla] (Italy), 13, 28, 71, 98
“Declaration of Masonic Associations,” 61
Deday, Simon and Victor, 178
De Feo, Angelo, 218
de Gaulle, Charles, 112
Degollado, Marcial Maciel, 286–87
Delgado, Humberto, 111
Della Cha, Giuseppe, 234–35
Delle Chiaie, Stefano, 98, 110, 112, 118, 206
de Lorenzo, Giovanni, 74, 77
Democratic Left Party (Turkey), 201
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, 168
Democratic Republic of Vietnam, 54
Denaro, Francesco Messina, 195
Denmark, CIA in, 261
Department of Defense (US) (DoD), 111, 262
De Pedis, Enrico “Renatino,” 14, 232, 237, 239–40, 241, 242, 289
Depreux, Êdouard, 66
De Stroebel, Pellegrino, 158, 225, 228, 253
Deutsche Bank, 254, 255
de Weck, Philippe, 254
Dewey, Thomas E., 35, 39
Di Bella, Franco, 109
Di Carlo, Francesco “Frank the Strangler,” 233
Dickerson, Douglas, 267
Diem regime, 58
Di Feo, Gianluca, 240
Digilio, Carlo, 98
Digoxin (heart medicine), 165
di Jorio, Alberto, 83
Di Maggio, Rosario, 247
Diotallevi, Ernesto, 234
Dirty War (1976–1983), 16, 120, 122, 125, 126
Doe, Samuel, 170
“Don Calo.” See Vizzini, Calogero “Don Calo”
Donovan, William “Wild Bill,” 26, 33, 49, 57
creating CIG, 40
head of OSS, 13, 24, 25, 106, 130
approving and implementing Helliwell plan, 31, 33, 37, 44, 56, 204
knighthood, 47, 51
d'Ortenzi, Alessandro, 208
D'Ottario, Remo, 75
Doubleday (publisher), 9–10
Draganović, Krunoslav, 71, 72
Drew, Timothy (aka Noble Drew Ali), 257
Drew University, 9
Drug Enforcement Agency (US) (DEA), 56, 149, 173, 184, 217, 220, 247–48
Bureau of Narcotics and Dangerous Drugs as precursor of, 19
drug trafficking, 138, 145–53, 179, 207, 216–22
and the CIA, 15, 16, 21, 30–44, 48, 52, 53–60, 72, 73, 88–89, 118–19, 145–53, 167–78, 180, 216–22, 258–59, 278–80. See also Helliwell, Paul E.
cocaine, 16, 31, 73, 119, 179, 180, 216, 222, 259
drugs-for-arms trades, 31, 174–75, 197, 203, 220, 268. See also money laundering
heroin, 41–42, 44, 52, 134, 138, 145–53, 216–22, 278
developing Golden Crescent as source for, 167–78
growth of addiction, 34–35, 85–86, 145, 151, 177, 220
Helliwell plan, 31, 33, 38, 39, 41–42, 44, 48, 203
making of, 53–54
pipeline between Sicily and US, 235, 247–48
opium, 34–35, 52, 53
in Golden Crescent, 35, 55–56, 153, 160, 167, 173, 178, 220, 279–80
in Southeast Asia, 31–32, 35, 56–57, 58, 59, 145–46, 149, 152, 153, 160, 167, 173
Dubs, Adolph “Spike,” 168
Dulles, Allen, 32, 40
and the CIA, 40–41, 59, 62, 131
in the OSS, 13, 23–24, 47, 71
and Helliwell plan, 31, 33, 38, 44, 203
working with secret stay-behind armies, 25, 26–27
Dulles, John Foster, 24–25
DuPont, Alfred, 32, 56
Duruoz, Sami, 173
East Turkistan (CIA efforts to create), 269, 270
East Turkistan Islamic Movement, 271
Ecevit, Bülent, 201, 202
Edmonds, Sibel, 266, 270
Effortil (blood pressure medicine), 164–65
Eichmann, Adolf, 71
Eisenhower Administration, 129
Ejercito Revolucionario del Pueblo [People's Revolutionary Army] (Argentina) (ERP), 115
Elf Aquitaine (company), 91
Eliot, T. S., 27
El-Khoury, Sami, 55–56
El Mercurio (newspaper), 117, 245
El Salvador death squads, 220
embalming laws in Italy, 163–64
ENI. See Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi
Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi [National Hydrocarbons Authority of Italy] (ENI), 74, 78
Episcopal Conference (Argentina), 122
Equitem Ordinis Sancti Silvestri Pa
pae [Knight in the Order of St. Silvester], 70
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 277
Ergenekon, 203–204
Erin SA, 179, 222, 225
ERP. See Ejercito Revolucionario del Pueblo (Argentina)
Escobar, Pablo, 119, 179
Escrivá, Josemaría, 243–44
Escuela Superior de Mecánica de la Armada [Navy Petty Officers’ School of Mechanics of Argentina] (ESMA). See Navy School of Mechanics
Esposito, Jerry, 39
Europe, Gladio in, 67–68, 111, 151, 200, 241, 264
coming to an end in Western Europe, 259–64
European Parliament condemning Gladio, 17, 262–64
in Italy, 15, 28, 69, 74–75, 95, 98, 99–100, 103–105, 107, 157, 200, 208, 243, 248, 259, 260–61. See also Borghese, Junio Valerio (prince); Pazienza, Francesco
European National Fascists, 108
European Resistance Movement, 142
European Trade Association, 243
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (Basque revolutionary army), 105, 112
Evans, Neil, 149
Everything You Always Wanted to Know about the Catholic Church (Williams), 9
Evren, Kenan, 112, 201–202
Fabian, Brother, 165
Falklands war, 181, 217, 230
Faraar brothers, 174
Fasco AG (holding company), 15, 81–82, 91, 134, 137
Fassoulis, Sonny, 57
Fatherland and Liberty (Chile), 117
FBI. See Federal Bureau of Investigation (US)
FBN. See Federal Bureau of Narcotics (US)
Federal Bureau of Investigation (US), 235, 274, 279
Federal Bureau of Narcotics (US), 59, 79, 84
Federal Reserve (US), 133, 135, 136, 137
Federation of American Scientists, 30
Felici, Pericle, 159
Fellowship of Catholic Scholars, 9
Fendwich, Hung, 97
Ferraioli, Giuseppe, 281
Ferruzzi Finanziaria S.p.A., 254
Fethullah Gülen movement, 276
Fidas, George, 274
Fielding, Fred F., 246
Filippo (code name for Licio Gelli), 76
Finabank (Banque de Financement), 84, 86, 87
Finmeccanica (company), 97
Finproggram (subsidiary of United Trading Corporation), 181
Finsider (conglomerate), 60, 90
Fioravanti, Valerio, 108
First American Bank, 170, 221–22
First National Bank of Cicero, 151
Fischetti brothers, 40
Fitzgerald, Desmond, 41
Flamini, Roland, 70
FN. See Fronte Nazionale
FOIA. See Freedom of Information Act (US)
Forbes (magazine), 45
Ford, Gerald, 120, 121, 151
Foreign Assistance Act (US), 129–30
Forlani, Arnaldo, 110, 197–98, 235
Forrestal, James V., 38, 39
Fort Hunt Conference, 15, 26–27
Foster, John W., 24
France, 29, 53, 54, 66, 76, 112, 200, 264, 285, 286
CIA/OSS in, 71, 200, 207, 264
Franceschini, Alberto, 105–106
Franci, Luciano, 102
Francis I (pope), 14, 17, 46, 110, 122, 126–27, 289–90
as Jorge Mario Bergoglio, 122–26
Franco, Francisco, 112
Francovich, Allan, 74
Frankel, Martin (financial fraud), 284
Frankel, Marvin (Sindona's attorney), 192
Franklin National Bank, 130, 131, 132–33, 134, 135
financial collapse of, 16, 136–37, 138, 141, 143, 246
Freda, Franco, 96–97
Frederika (queen), 24
Freedom of Information Act (US) (FOIA), 84, 99, 264
Freemasonry. See Masonry and Masonic lodges
FRELIMO Independence Movement (Mozambique), 111
French Communist Party, 54
French Foreign Legion, 31
Frizzerio, Carlo, 164
Fronte Nazionale [National Front] (Italian terrorist group) (FN), 98
Fuller, Graham, 271, 274
Fumagalli, Carlo, 101
G & G (Gambino and Genovese) Concrete Company, 139
Gaddafi, Muammar, 149, 207, 289
Gaetano brothers, 175
Galante, Carmine, 79
Galbraith, John Kenneth, 112
Gallardo, Miguel Ángel Félix, 259
Gallucci, Achille, 212
Gamberini, Giordano, 63, 76
Gambino, Carlo, 80–81, 177
Gambino, Johnny, 139, 143, 189, 190, 194, 246–47, 248
Gambino, Rosario, 189, 247, 248
Gambino crime family, 84, 88, 157, 176, 177, 178, 183, 218, 220, 221, 223, 235–36, 246, 249
Ganser, Daniele, 95
Gardner, Richard, 223
Garofano, Giuseppe, 254–55
Gates, Thomas S., 132
Gehlen, Reinhard, 13, 25, 26, 29, 51, 67, 210
Gehlen Organization, 26–27, 51
Gelli, Licio, 70–78, 95, 98, 101, 183, 219, 265, 287
and the CIA, 15, 16, 70, 74, 76, 166, 218, 222
as a fugitive, 176, 195, 235, 251, 253, 254
and the Iranian hostage crisis, 193–94
and Latin America, 14, 71–72, 73, 102, 115, 181, 182, 188, 196
and P2, 13, 20, 66, 76–78, 102, 103–104, 108, 115, 141–42, 159, 181–82, 186, 188, 193–94, 208, 223, 233–34, 235, 241, 251, 281
secret files on P2, 107, 109–110, 194–95, 196, 235, 249
and Sindona, 73, 98, 138, 141, 142, 157, 191, 193, 250
and the Vatican, 15, 66, 70, 72, 78, 115, 151, 157, 166, 176, 186, 191, 207, 229, 230, 243, 255
Gelli, Raffaele, 71
General Development Corporation (shell company), 41
General Electric, 90, 157
General Intelligence Administration [Hauptverwaltung Aufklärung] (East Germany), 209
General Motors, 90
Genovese, Giovanni, 49
Genovese, Vito, 13, 15, 35, 38–39, 49, 60, 80–81
Genovese crime family, 38, 42, 73, 76
Gentile, Aldo, 108
Germany, 26, 76
CIA and Gladio in, 67, 113, 200, 264
stay-behind armies to counteract Soviet Union, 23, 25, 26, 210
Giancana, Sam, 80, 84
Giannini, Orazio (at Guardia di Finanza), 76, 109
Giannini crime family, 151
Gilani, Mubarak, 257, 258
Giordano, Michele, 61
Giovanelli, Enzo, 218
Giudice, Raffaele, 76, 104, 109
Giuffrè, Antonio, 184
Giuliano, Boris, 16, 234
Giuliano, Giorgio, 141, 142
Giuliano, Luigi, 234
Giuliano, Salvatore, 49, 60
Giuseppucci, Franco, 208
Gladio, 27, 220
in Australia, 151
BND as an outgrowth of. See Bundesnachrichtendienst
Catholic Gladio, 15, 61, 62, 70
and the CIA/OSS. See Central Intelligence Agency (US); Office of Strategic Services (US)
coming to an end in Western Europe, 259–64
and the Council on Foreign Relations. See Council on Foreign Relations
as a covert operation, 29, 32, 33, 42, 85, 128–29, 261–62, 264–65
becoming public knowledge, 66, 196, 256, 260
efforts to repair damage caused by Banco Ambrosiano, 232–42. See also Banco Ambrosiano
Ergenekon as offspring of, 203–204
finding funding sources for, 29, 30–44, 85, 136, 138, 152–53. See also arms trafficking; Banca Privata Finanziaria [Bank of Private Finance]; Continental Illinois Bank (Chicago); drug trafficking; money laundering; Stibam International (company); Vatican Bank
first Gladio unit. See Gehlen, Reinhard; “werewolves”
formation of, 15, 26–27, 28–29, 255
landmark events in 1969, 94
in Latin America. See Latin America
>
leading to a narcocapitalistic US, 280
and the Mafia. See Mafia
and Sindona, 251, 253
survival of after the end of Cold War, 266–80
in Turkey. See Turkey
use of terror attacks and coups, 95–102
and US planned coup of Sicily, 142, 145
and the Vatican. See also Vatican
John Paul II causing problems for, 196–205
ordering death of John Paul II, 205
See also Trilateral Commission
Gladio II, 273, 278
Glenn L. Martin Company, 72
Godfather, The (movie), 92
God's Banker (Cornwell), 223
Golden Crescent, drugs in, 167–78, 183, 204, 216, 220, 278–79
Balkan route, 175, 176, 178, 183, 203, 204, 210, 216, 278
Goldwater, Barry M., 131
Golpe Borghese (“Borghese Coup”), 16, 98–99
Göring, Hermann, 71
Goulart, João, 114
Grace, J. Peter, 132
Graham, Katharine, 132, 264–65
Graham, Philip, 41
Grambo, Norris A. (name used by Irving Brown), 54–55
Grand Chessboard, The (Brzezinski), 167
Grand Cross of the Order of St. Sylvester, 47
Grandmothers of the Plaza of Mayo (human rights group), 125
Grand Orient of Italy, 62, 64
Grassini, Giulio, 76, 104, 109
Graziani, Carlo, 65
Great American Bank, 280
Greco, Salvatore Ciaschiteddu “Little Bird,” 79
Greco, Salvatore “the Engineer,” 64
Greece, 24, 175
CIA and Gladio in, 76, 83, 112
Greeley, Andrew, 165
Greene, Graham, 58
Gregg, Donald, 131, 193
Grew, Joseph C., 56
Grey Wolves (paramilitary group in Turkey), 13, 68, 112, 172–73, 174, 176, 201–203, 204, 208, 210, 214, 267, 268, 271, 273
Griesa, Thomas Poole, 141, 192
Grillmayer, Horst, 175, 211
Grossman, Marc, 267, 272, 274
Groves, Wallace, 146–47
Grunwald, Henry A., 132
Gruppo Sindona, 89
Guadalajara Cartel, 259
Gualtieri, Libero, 259, 261
Guardia di Finanza (Italy's financial police), 104, 109, 179, 182, 186, 197, 225, 236
Guardian (newspaper), 100, 232
Guarino, Phil, 192–93
Guatemala, 117
CIA in, 129
Guerini, Antoine and Barthelemy, 54–55
Guerin Serac, Yves, 111
Guerri, Sergio, 90, 192, 193
Guevara, Che, 94, 115
Gül, Abdullah, 277
Gülen, Fethullah, 14, 17, 170, 272–78
Gülen Schools, 277–78
Gulf and Western (conglomerate), 92
Gulf Oil, 90
Gurfein, Murray, 38
Guthrie, Randolph, 246
Guzzi, Rodolfo, 191
Haffenden, Charles Radcliffe, 36, 37, 38
Haig, Alexander, 51, 76, 95, 207, 223, 255
Operation Gladio Page 41