by David Riggs
Put them to the torture: Great Britain 1890 XXIV 222.
Bridewell Prison: O’Donoghue 1923 217, 222; Caraman 1960 242.
Thomas Drury: Kendall 1994 536–42; Kendall 1998 485–644 passim; Nicholl 2002 370–99. Kuriyama 2002 146–51 rejects Nicholl’s and Kendall’s claim that the unnamed spy who reported to the Council on Cholmeley was Thomas Drury; as I argue below, the parallel chronologies in Drury’s August 1593 letter to Sir Anthony Bacon and the events of May 1593 remain compelling. Kendall 1998 542 concludes that the case for Drury’s authorship of the ‘Remembrances’ is ‘for all intents and purposes, completely watertight’. See Kuriyama 2002 214–16 for transcriptions of the unnamed spy’s reports. Where Kuriyama 215 transcribes ‘he never meante’ Wraight 1965 354 has ‘he now meante’. The word is open to either reading.
Richard Cholmeley: Nicholl 2002 328–45.
A cryptic letter: Sprott 1974; Nicholl 2002 370–74.
Tipping ii and Young: Seaton 1929a 274–75, 284.
Spanish shipping and men-of-war: Great Britain 1856 III 284, cited in Seaton 1929a 284.
Phelippes: Great Britain 1856 III 118.
The spread of atheism: Greenham quoted from Hunter 1985 138; Lambarde quoted from Aylmer 1978 24; Anwick 1587 BB8v.
Henry Maunder: See Kuriyama 2002 218–19 for the arrest warrant and Marlowe’s appearance before the Privy Council. Jones 1970 describes the court of the verge.
These articles are identical to the Note: Kendall 1994 536–39; Nicholl 2002 370–73. Kuriyama 2002 discounts this attribution, remarking that it ‘is highly unlikely that only one lecture of sceptical tenor was produced in England in the early 1590s’(149). In fact, the only written pro-atheist arguments from this period are those attributed to Marlowe; see Hunter 1985 137. The claim that Drury, who was procuring intelligence from Baines in May 1593, would have obtained his articles of atheism from another source, with reference to another atheist lecturer and at the same time, fails for lack of a credible candidate.
A fleshed-out version of Father Person’s school of atheism: Kendall 1998 457–61.
Hariot could ‘do more than’ Moses: Greenblatt 1988 28.
Luther had foreseen: Luther’s Table Talk quoted from Hill 1972 124–25. My reading of Baines’s Note is indebted to Goldberg 1984 and Kocher 1946.
The testimony of Baines: Kendall 1994 536–40; Kendall 1998 699.
The laws of the realm esteemeth traitors: Read 1925 I 437.
A larger crisis: Calvin 1961 I 45; Rankins 1587 Sig. F8v–G1r.
Command given by herself: Kuriyama 2002 148–49 argues that this command cannot refer to Marlowe since the headnote to the revised ‘Copy of Marlowe’s blasphemies as sent to her H[ighness]’, BL Harleian MS 6853 fols. 307–08, refers to Marlowe’s death in the past tense. But the copy and the headnote are in two different hands. The headnote, as well as other revisions, which are all in the hand of Sir John Puckering, were added after the copyist made the transcript ‘as sent to her Highness’. See Nicholl 2002 323–27. Kuriyama’s theory that Puckering, for no apparent reason, deliberately set out to deceive Queen Elizabeth about the timing of an event that had already occurred (as she herself would see when she signed Frizer’s pardon on 28 June), and preserved the doctored manuscript that would have set his deception in full view, creates more problems than it solves.
The recently enacted 1593 statute: Pickering 1730 VI 423.
Kyd testified: Kuriyama 2002 230–31. See Nicholl 2002 419 for Matthew Royden.
The 1581 statute: Pickering 1730 VI 336.
Richard Verstegan: Greenwood 1970 290.
Widow Bull: Nicholl 2002 42.
Frizer and Skerres: Nicholl 2002 24–28, 411–12.
The initial entry: Seaton 1931 140.
333–4 Poley, Skerres and Frizer: Nicholl 2002 22, 109, 141.
Coroner Danby’s report: Transcribed and translated in Kuriyama 2002 222–226. My analysis of Danby’s inquest draws upon Nicholl 2002 99–105.
A keen-eyed director: Poel 1925.
Entry in the parish register: Kuriyama 2002 226.
Elizabeth pardoned Frizer: Hotson 1925 24–38 describes the legal process that led to Frizer’s pardon.
Lord Treasurer Burghley: Breight 1996 127–33, 145–65.
Puckering altered this text: Nicholl 2002 323–27.
Epilogue
Giordano Bruno: Bruno 1998 xxxiii.
Richard Cholmeley: Nicholl 2002 342–43, 532–33. The first section of this Epilogue is continuously indebted to Nicholl 2002 418–24 and passim. The Earl of Essex intervened to help a Richard Cholmeley in Staffordshire later in 1593, but this was probably a different Cholmeley; see Hammer 1996 232–35.
Thomas Drury: Nicholl 2002 371–72, 378–81.
Nicholas Skerres: Nicholl 2002 34–5, 421–22.
Robert Poley: Eccles 1937; Nicholl 2002 422–23.
Richard Baines: Kuriyama 1988. Kendall 1998 663 transcribes the record of the Rev. Baines’s burial from the parish register of Waltham, 1561–1729, 1610, fol. 42, in the Lincolnshire Record office.
Thomas Kyd: Garnier 1594 , Sig. A2r; Freeman 1967 25–32.
Lord Strange: Nicholl 2002 296–98, 418; Devlin 1953 esp. 25–38, 53–66; DNB s.v. Percy, Henry.
Ingram Frizer: Nicholl 2002 423–24; Bakeless 1942 I 163–71; Handover 1959 157, 166; de Kalb 1929.
Raleigh’s atheism: Trevelyan 2002, 208–10, 386.
His victim was scripted: Nicholl 2002 77–84, esp. 78–79; MacLure 1979 41–42, 45–48, 30; Bakeless 1942 I 144–45.
Spurious motives: Nicholl 2002 104–05.
Marlowe’s admirers: Brooke 1922 358–59, 363.
The middle ground: Bakeless 1942 I 127, 124–25.
Firsthand recollections: Nashe 1958 III 131; MacLure 1979 43–44; Brooke 1925 359-60; Kuriyama 2002 228–231. ‘In Memory of W. B. Yeats’ quoted from Auden 1940 109.
Kyd cloaked his repudiation: Masten 1997 360–65, esp. 363.
Shakespeare: Stanton 1988; Shakespeare 1977 188–90; Nicholl 2002 85–91; As You Like It III.v.82–83, III.iii.5, 8–12, II.vii.47–49.
Ovid: Thibault 1964.
Thomas Nashe: Nashe 1958 II 465; Feasy 1948.
Anne Marlowe: See Urry 1988 12–41 and Kuriyama 2002 177, 234–38, for biographical details in this and the following paragraphs.
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