Tyrannosaurus Sue-- The Extraordinary Saga of the Largest, Most Fought Over T. Rex Ever Found

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Tyrannosaurus Sue-- The Extraordinary Saga of the Largest, Most Fought Over T. Rex Ever Found Page 35

by Steve Fiffer


  ferently than had the Justice D e p a r t m e n t . As it happened, this was the

  day his post-prison probation ended.

  He knew she would not be a pile of bones when he saw her in all her

  glory. She would be Sue again. "I h o p e they'll let me touch her," he said

  2 3 5

  2 3 6 TYRANNOSAURUS S U E

  before leaving. "I think we'll have another talk and see how she's doing

  after all this time. I'm sure I'll cry."

  Shortly after the federal government seized Sue, Native American

  G e m m a Lockhart wrote in a column for the Rapid City Journal:

  T h e intersection of scientific thought and Lakota belief can

  bring a strange kind of light to the controversy over Sue. From

  my view, that dinosaur has a strength and life of her own. So far

  she has been a great provider of stories a n d lessons.

  To the tribe w h o lost her, and to all tribes w h o watched and

  listened, something has been learned. This time the federal gov-

  e r n m e n t has seized stone bones, next time it might be minerals

  or water.

  The Black Hills Institute and the people of Hill City stand

  in disbelief. They are researchers and scientists, they are law-

  abiding citizens a n d good people, and they too have lost her.

  T h e U.S. attorney is a m a n of good character. He stands

  steadfast. He knows he is in the right regarding federal law and

  power.

  In the m e a n t i m e something m u c h greater than h u m a n

  action and reaction is happening here. Exactly what that is may

  not be for us to k n o w or say.

  But I have a feeling that the 65-million-year-old dinosaur is

  going somewhere. Her "discovery," her b o n e sale, and the ensu-

  ing seizure and legal battles are just part of a gift to us—her

  story and her tale—the things that must happen for her to find

  her way h o m e somewhere.

  "You're h o m e , Sue," Peter Larson would say when he saw her.

  "You're finally home."

  I N D E X

  Able, Ed, 226, 227

  Asbury, William, 52, 87, 112,

  Abruzzo, James, 227

  129,135, 164, 165

  Adelstein, Stan, 209

  Atlantosaurus montanus, 96

  Agassiz, Louis, 92, 99

  Allosaurus, 97

  Babbitt, Bruce, 127

  Alvarez, Luis, 51

  Bakker, Robert, 3-4, 6, 9, 16, 30,

  Alvarez, Walter, 51

  39, 4 8 - 4 9 , 5 1 , 5 9 , 7 5 - 7 8 ,

  Amber, 8-9

  84, 140, 143,216,

  American M u s e u m of Natural

  219-220, 229, 2 3 1 , 2 3 5

  History, 6, 10, 14, 17, 209,

  Banks, Ron, 165-166

  221

  Barstow, David, 226

  Anderson, David, 178

  Battey, Richard

  Andrews, Roy C h a p m a n , 215

  civil proceedings and, 52, 66,

  Antiquities Act, 5 7 - 5 8 , 59, 63,

  6 9 - 7 1 , 7 4 - 7 6 , 86, 88, 100,

  79,104, 105-106, 130

  104-106, 116-119, 127,

  Apatosaurus, 96, 98

  129, 150

  Archaeological Resources

  criminal proceedings and, 152,

  Protection Act, 79, 8 2 - 8 3

  157-159, 162, 164, 173,

  Archaeopteryx lithographica, 37,

  177, 180-184, 188-191

  4 7 - 4 8

  Baucus, Max, 8 2 - 8 3 , 84

  Archer, LaNice, 186-187

  Beam, C. Arlen, 159, 160

  Armani, Giorgio, 226

  Bear Ribs, E m m a , 175

  Arnold, Wesley, 175-176

  Beche, H e n r y T h o m a s de la, 23

  2 3 7

  2 3 8

  TYRANNOSAURUS S U E

  Beshears, Ron, 59

  Bourland, Gregg, 43, 57, 59, 61,

  Birds, links with dinosaurs,

  6 2 , 1 1 9

  3 6 - 3 7 , 4 8 - 4 9 , 223

  Brachiosaurus, Riggs', 197-198,

  Black Hills Institute of

  228

  Geological Research, 6, 11

  Branch Davidians, 146

  academics and, 60, 75

  Breining, Greg, 138, 139, 140

  accessibility to researchers,

  Brochu, Chris, 219, 220,

  3 7 - 3 8 , 60, 68, 75, 78

  223-224, 229

  exhibits Sue, 3 7 - 3 8

  Brontosaurus, 198

  expeditions of, 13-14

  Brookes, Richard, 20

  finances of, 13-15

  Brooklyn M u s e u m of Art,

  fossil purchases of, 5 4 - 5 5 , 63,

  226-227

  8 7 - 8 8

  Brooks, Diana (Dede), 3, 206,

  m u s e u m clients of, 14,

  209, 210

  144^146, 169, 170-171,

  Brown, Barnum, 17-19, 24-25,

  182,187

  197

  ownership claim of, 6 6 - 6 7 , 69,

  Browne, Malcolm, 60, 83

  8 6 - 8 9 , 9 9 - 1 0 8 , 114-120,

  Bryant, Laurie, 144

  146, 150-152, 153, 159

  Buckland, William, 31-32

  search of, 111-112, 135-136

  Bureau of Indian Affairs, 193

  seeks t e m p o r a r y custody of

  Burge, D o n , 142

  Sue, 6 9 - 7 9 , 8 5 - 8 9 ,

  B u r n h a m , David, 111

  99-100

  Society of Vertebrate

  Camarasaurus, 96

  Paleontology (SVP) and,

  Campbell, Lee, 166-167, 170, 174

  37, 6 7 - 6 8 , 7 4 - 7 5

  Cardiff Giant, 93-94

  subpoenaing of, 7 1 , 1 1 1 - 1 1 2

  Carmody, Casey, 73, 101

  Black Hills Minerals, 6, 11

  Carpenter, Ken, 29, 38

  Black Hills M u s e u m of Natural

  Castro, Fidel, 72

  History, 27, 4 1 - 4 2 ,

  Cheyenne River Sioux, 179

  133-134

  FBI seizure and, 57, 59, 6 1 - 6 2 ,

  opening of, 78

  76

  Block, Judy, 199,210

  ownership claim of, 1, 43, 44,

  Boeing Company, skull CT scan

  8 6 , 1 0 1 , 108, 130-132, 153

  and, 222

  Chicoinne, Bob, 113, 158, 186,

  Bonehunters' Revenge, The

  192

  (David Rains Wallace), 98

  Churcher, C. S., 6 7 - 6 8 , 74

  I N D E X

  2 3 9

  Clidastes torto, 124

  links with birds, 3 6 - 3 7 , 4 8 - 4 9 ,

  Clinton, Bill, 101, 112, 128, 163,

  223

  202

  as w a r m - b l o o d e d animals,

  Colbath, Gary, 73-74, 112, 152

  4 8 - 4 9

  Cole, Ava, 146

  Disney Corporation, 201,

  Cole, Eddie, 87, 146,165, 168

  2 1 0 - 2 1 2 , 2 1 6 , 2 1 9 ,

  Commercial fossil hunting,

  225-227

  80-85

  D o n n a n , Kristin, 133, 193, 208

  Complete T. Rex (Jack H o r n e r ) ,

  Draper, Charles, 52, 54, 88, 135

  1 1 , 5 1 , 198

  Duck-billed dinosaur

  Cope, Edwin Drinker, 83, 220

  (Edmontosaurus

  feud with Marsh, 8 9 - 9 9

  annectens), 12-13

  Sternberg and, 123-127

  fossils of, 13-14, 125-127

  Corporate sponsorship, 200-205,

  Duffy, Patrick, 43, 53, 56, 57, 62,

  2 1 0 - 2 1 2 , 2 1 6 , 224-227

  64, 232

  Crane,
Peter, 3, 207,209, 210, 218

  background of, 112-113

  Cretaceous period, 12, 17

  criminal prosecution and, 135,

  Crocodiles, 39

  145-146, 149, 152-153,

  Currie, Philip, 18, 38, 59, 235

  157-159, 163-164, 167,

  Custer, George Armstrong, 109,

  168, 184, 185-186,

  124

  189-192,232. See also

  Cuvier, Georges, 32, 66

  Larson, Peter, criminal

  prosecution of

  Daly, Jack, 2 0 0 - 2 0 4 , 2 2 4 , 225

  custody claims and, 69, 70, 7 1 ,

  Darwin, Charles, 9, 3 6 - 3 7

  77, 79, 88, 100, 106

  Daschle, Tom, 59

  grand j u r y deliberations and,

  Deinodon horridus, 35, 83

  111,146

  Derflinger, Casey, 134

  ownership claims and, 106,

  Detrich, Alan, 121, 122, 215, 231

  113-119, 128, 130-131

  Dinosaur Hunters (David A. E.

  Spalding), 20

  Earthwatch, 213, 214

  Dinosaur Hunters, The (Robert

  Edmontosauras annectens, 12-13

  Plate), 9 1 , 109

  fossils of, 13-14, 125-127

  Dinosaurs

  Elasmosaurus, 90, 95

  age of, 12

  Elliott, Timothy S., 129-130

  early studies of, 3 1 - 3 7 , 4 0

  Ellison, Bruce, 163, 164-165,

  extinction of, 50-51

  1 6 9 , 1 7 1 - 1 7 7 , 187

  2 4 0 TYRANNOSAURUS S U E

  Emery, Steve, 101, 119

  Forbes, Edward, 33-34

  Evolutionary theory, 3 6 - 3 7

  Fortin, Cindy, 187

  Extinction

  Fossil h u n t i n g

  Cuvier's theory of, 66

  commercial, 8 0 - 8 5 , 139-144,

  of dinosaurs, 5 0 - 5 1

  215-216, 230-231

  on Indian lands, 175-177

  Farrar, Bob, 11, 4 1 , 109-110, 146,

  job description for, 10-11

  149, 169-171, 174, 182,

  on public lands, 5 7 - 5 8 , 59, 63,

  184,188, 189

  79-89, 105-106, 139-140,

  Federal Bureau of Investigation

  173-180, 231-232

  (FBI), seizure of Sue by,

  site excavation in, 2 3 - 2 6

  1 , 4 5 , 5 1 - 6 4 , 146

  Fossils

  news coverage of, 56, 6 0 - 6 1 ,

  black market for, 230-231

  63, 6 8 - 6 9 , 8 9 - 9 0 , 114

  creation of, 11-12

  public response to, 58, 5 9 - 6 1 ,

  early studies of, 3 1 - 3 7 , 4 0

  6 8 - 6 9 , 88, 112

  evolutionary theory and, 36-37

  Fein, Bruce, 6 8 - 6 9

  identification of, 20-21

  Ferguson, Fred, 169, 184

  as l a n d , 1 0 8 , 1 1 7 - 1 1 9 , 1 5 1 - 1 5 2

  Field M u s e u m of Natural

  ownership of, 6 5 - 6 6

  History, 3,14, 2 3 , 1 9 5 ,

  Antiquities Act and, 57-58,

  197, 221

  59, 63, 79, 104, 105-106

  corporate sponsors and,

  preparation of, 41

  2 0 0 - 2 0 5 , 2 1 0 - 2 1 2 , 2 1 6 ,

  sale of, 47, 142-143

  2 2 4 - 2 2 7

  Foulke, William, 3 4 - 3 5

  decision to purchase Sue,

  Fraley, Phil, 221, 222

  195-196, 197, 200

  Frey, Eberhard, 38, 39

  financing for purchase, 206

  history of, 197

  Galiano, Henry, 209, 233

  negotiations with Larson,

  Garbani, Harley, 18-19

  218-220

  General Allottment Act, 115

  purchases Sue, 206-212, 216

  Gerken, D o n , 104

  Sotheby's and, 205-207

  Giago, Tom, 69

  study, preparation and display

  Giuliani, Rudolph, 226

  of Sue by, 217-218,

  Goddio, Franck, 71-72

  220-229

  Gonzales, Mario, 232

  Flynn, John, 23, 1 9 5 , 1 9 9 , 2 1 0 ,

  G o v e r n m e n t Accountability

  2 1 1 , 2 2 1 - 2 2 2 , 231

  G r o u p , 112, 129

  I N D E X

  2 4 1

  Graffham, Allen, 13-14

  Hitchcock, Edward, 36

  Gray, Richard, 3, 205, 206-208,

  Hochstafl, Lynn, 51

  209,210

  Holsworth, Arlo, 134

  Green, Cecelia, 183, 184

  Honert, Jim, 11

  Greenberg, Jack, 204

  Hooke, Robert, 30

  Grimaldi, David, 6

  Hornaday, William, 17

  Guardia, Vicente de la, 72

  Horner, Jack, 11, 19, 29, 3 0 , 4 0 ,

  Guggenheim M u s e u m , 225

  4 9 , 5 1 , 5 9 , 60, 198,221

  H u n t , Robert, 7 4 - 7 5 , 77, 78,

  Haberlein, Karl, 47

  80-82, 84

  Hadrosaurus foulkei, 34-35, 36, 93

  Hunting for Dinosaurs (Zofia

  Harlan, Bill, 43, 62, 67, 87, 88,

  Kielan-Jaworoska), 31

  154,159

  Huxley, T h o m a s Henry, 36, 95

  Hatcher, John Bell, 138-139

  Hawkins, Benjamin Waterhouse,

  Iguanodon, 32, 33-34, 35

  33,34

  Indian lands. See also Cheyenne

  Hayashibara M u s e u m , 142

  River Sioux

  Hendrickson, John, 72

  federal regulation of, 114-116

  Hendrickson, Mary, 6, 7

  fossil h u n t i n g on, 175-177

  Hendrickson, Sue, 2, 3, 14, 15,

  Isaac, J.C., 124

  152, 153, 158, 189,

  219-220, 229-230

  Jacobs, Louis, 85

  adventures of, 6-9, 7 1 - 7 2 ,

  Jenkins, Farish, 105, 148

  229-230

  Jepson, Glenn L., 50

  background of, 6-8

  discovers Sue, 5, 16-17

  grand jury appearance of,

  Kafka, Joe, 144

  71-72

  Kielan-Jaworowska, Zofia, 31

  Peter Larson and, 9, 1 6 , 1 8 , 2 6 ,

  Kinsbergen, Leon, 58

  72, 187

  Kislak, Jay, 211

  site excavation by, 2 3 - 2 6

  Knight, Charles, 198, 221

  sixth sense of, 8, 16

  Kremer, Pat, 217

  trial testimony of, 167-169

  Hercules, Gus, 78

  Labidosaurus, 125

  Hill City, 4 1 - 4 2 , 132-134, 155

  Laelaps aquilungus, 93

  History of Oxfordshire, The

  Lakes, Arthur, 9 5 - 9 6

  (Robert Plot), 20

  Lamb, Bob, 203

  2 4 2

  TYRANNOSAURUS S U E

  Land, fossils as, 108, 117-119,

  168,184, 185-186,

  151-152

  189-192, 232

  Larson, Jason, 15, 23

  deterrent effect of, 231

  Larson, Kristin D o n n a n , 133,

  fallout from, 231, 232

  193, 208

  indictment in, 146-149

  Larson, Mark, 10

  jury selection in, 162

  Larson, Matthew, 15, 23

  media coverage of, 154-155,

  Larson, Neal, 4 1 , 69, 7 1 , 133, 134,

  156-159, 181, 186,

  182

  190-191

  a n n o u n c e s Sue's discovery,

  motive for, 192

  2 7 - 2 8

  plea bargain in, 156-160

  background of, 10, 11, 15

  pretrial m o t i o n s in,

  criminal prosecution of. See

  153-
154

  also Larson, Peter, crimi-

  sentencing in, 188-194

  nal prosecution of

  trial in, 162-182

  trial testimony in, 171-180

  verdict in, 183-185,

  at custody hearing, 77-78

  186-187

  date changes by, 7 7 - 7 8 , 79,

  custody hearing and, 77, 79

  165, 176-177

  discovery of Sue and, 19-20,

  Larson, Peter, 1-2, 3, 6, 15,

  21-26. See also

  4 5 - 4 6 , 49, 69, 70, 80,

  Tyrannosaurus Sue

  121-122. See also Black

  evidence seizure and, 111-112,

  Hills Institute of

  135-136

  Geological Research

  exhibits Sue, 42

  affection for Sue, 42, 100,

  FBI seizure and, 1, 45, 51-64,

  235-236

  146

  announces Sue's discovery,

  fossil finds of, 11, 13-14, 188.

  27-28

  See also under

  background of, 9-11

  Tyrannosaurus

  criminal prosecution of,

  grand jury deliberations and,

  135-138, 144-194

  6 9 - 7 4 , 8 7 , 110-111, 114,

  closing arguments in,

  146

  180-181

  h o m e confinement of,

  decision not to testify, 180

  207-208

  defense lawyer for, 135,

  i m p r i s o n m e n t of, 192-194,

  145-146, 149, 152-153,

  207-208

  157-159, 163-164, 167,

  marriage of, 133

  I N D E X

  2 4 3

  m u s e u m plans of, 27, 4 1 - 4 2 ,

  (Charles H. Sternberg),

  133-134

  123

  negotiations with Field

  Lobster fossil, 165, 168, 178

  Museum, 218-220

  Lockhart, G e m m a , 236

  negotiations with Schieffer,

  Lofgren, Lois, 114

  62-63

  Louis, Amy, 217, 222, 224, 228

  negotiations with Sioux, 6 1 - 6 3

  Lucas, O. W., 96

  openness to researchers and,

  37-38, 60, 68, 75

  Madsen, Jim, 143

  research studies of, 2 7 - 3 0 ,

  Maestricht fossil, 6 5 - 6 6

  38-40, 222

  Magill, Frank, 70, 79, 86, 88, 100

  Rex Files, The, 28, 52

  Mandel, Bob, 54, 59, 129, 146,

  scientific reputation of, 60,

  153, 154, 158, 159,

  74-75, 187

  161-164, 167-171,

  seeks access to Sue, 218

  180-181, 186, 190

  Sioux's claim and, 43—44, 45

  Mantell, Gideon Algernon, 32

  site excavation by, 22, 2 3 - 2 6 ,

  Mantell, Mary Ann, 32

  24-25

  Marsh, Othniel, 116, 125,138,

  Society of Vertebrate

  220

  Paleontology (SVP) and,

  feud with Cope, 8 9 - 9 9

  74-75, 77, 78, 8 0 - 8 5

  Oglala Sioux and, 108-110

  specimen acquisition by,

  Marshall, Mark, 132

  138-141

  Martin Marietta Corporation, 68

  Stan Sacrison and, 122-123,

  Masek, Bob, 220, 223

 

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