amateur groups in, 163, 175, 210, 294
history of, 157–58
in Shanghai theaters, 157
K’ung Chih-kuei, 273–74
K’un-ming, 242, 251, 258, 260, 261, 295, 297–98
K’un-shan, 153
Kuo Mo-jo, 126, 267
Kuomintang, see Nationalists, Nationalist Party
Kwangsi, 28, 33, 38
Kwangtung province, 28, 33, 36, 39–40, 42, 47, 88
“Lady Wang Crossing the Border,” 125
Lao She, 139
Lao Tou, see Tou Kan-kan
Lashio, 295
Le-i Middle School, 90, 109, 114–29, 141, 150–51, 190–92, 195, 267, 272, 289
early history of, 116–17
fees and expenses of, 117–18
as source of subversive activities, 123
Li Ch’ing, 225
Li Ch’ing-chao, 48
Li Ching-shih, 46
Li Hung-chang, 27–28, 30–32, 38, 44–46, 119
Li Po, 103, 155–56
Li Yü, 83, 171, 176
Li Yun-chang, 44–45, 48
Liang-tang Studio, 104
Lieh Tzu, 211
likin, see transit tax
Lin Tai-yü, 188, 189
Ling Hai-hsia, 149–51, 172, 173, 178–81
Ling Hung, see Ku Chüeh
Ling Yen-ch’ih, 244
Li-niang, 189
literature, nationalistic, 126–28
“Little Ninth Sister,” 233–34, 242, 243, 261–62
Liu An, 27
Liu Chieh-p’ing, 57–58
Liu Ming-ch’uan, 29–32
Liu Ts’ui-ying, 133
Liu Wen-tien, 257, 293, 299–300
Lotus Sutra, 54
Lu Chung-lien, 41
Lu Meng, 184
Lu O-t’ing, 167
Lu Ying, 1–9, 10, 13, 17–18, 70–84, 91, 101–2, 108–9, 138, 141, 187, 189–90
clothing and appearance of, 71–72
death of, 81–83
as devoted to nurse-nannies, 74–77, 81–82
dowry of, 2, 5
as family arbiter and financial planner, 73–74
“literacy campaign” of, 74–77, 138–39
as “quiet woman,” 6–8
wedding of, 1–9
Wu-ling’s relationship with, 70–71, 77–78, 85–86
Lu-chiang county, 12
Lyrics of Ch’u, 102
Manchuria, 106, 266
Manchus, 8, 20–21, 27, 173
Mao Tse-tung, 121, 281
Marco Polo Bridge Incident, 214, 242
marriage customs and traditions, 1–5, 139–40
Marxism, 126 see also Communists, Communist Party
May Fourth movement, 87, 119, 193
May Seventh Cadre School, 280
May Thirtieth Incident, 124–25
Mei Lan-fang, 79, 216
Mencius, 41, 50, 59
Mencius, 59, 94
Meng Li-chün, 135–37, 140
Miao tribe, 296–97
midwifery, 13–14
Military Preparatory Academy, 21
Min River, 214
Ming Battalion, 31
Ming dynasty, 61
Ming-huang, Emperor, 153–54, 164, 181
Ministry of Education, 297, 298, 301
Ministry of Rites, 301
“Misplaced Kite, The,” 216
Mo Tzu, 142
“Mother’s Reunion, A,” 154–55
Mu Ou-ch’u, 165–68
“Multipurpose Scholar, The,” 225
“My Life in Middle School,” 292
Nankai University, 243, 253
Nanking, 50, 54, 104, 175, 298
boarding schools in, 191, 193, 197, 272
celebrities in, 162–63
Nanyang Public College, 119–20
Nara Singde, 103
Nationalists, Nationalist Party (Kuomintang), 97–98, 100–101, 107, 119, 121–25, 162, 172–73, 175, 179, 266, 268–71, 281, 287 see also Chiang Kai-shek
National Revolutionary Army, 97
New Culture movement, 188
New Fourth Army, 179
New York, N.Y., 220–21
Nien rebels, 3, 19, 27, 30–31, 41, 198
Ninghsia, 211–12, 214–15, 293
North China University, 272, 273
North Haven, 313, 314
Notes on a Trip to Hunan (Shen Ts’ung-wen), 242, 274
nurse-nannies, 130–46
duties and rewards of, 11–13, 74–77, 81–82
education of, 74–77, 138
literature as seen by, 134
modern marriage as seen by, 139–40
opera, see k’un-ch’ü; Peking Opera
opium addiction, 95
Pa Chin, 139
Pa Fortress, 201
Pa Gorge, 112
Palace of Eternal Life, The, 154, 181
Pao-hsing, 51
Pao-ting Military Academy, 97
“Past and Present” (Ku-chin), 176–77
Peach Blossom Fan, 290
Peach Blossom Springs, 280
Peking, 20, 24, 28, 39, 60, 87, 96, 139, 148, 177, 179, 194, 210, 217, 219, 228, 233, 240, 242, 246, 247, 252, 260, 262–63, 266–70, 280, 289–303, 311
Peking Historical Museum, 273
“Peking Home Cooking,” 177
Peking Opera, 79, 91–92, 98, 125, 133, 156, 164, 205, 255
Peking Railway Station, 21
Peking University, 203, 243, 253, 262, 267, 273, 291–93, 297–98, 299, 311–12
Peony Pavilion, The, 93, 157, 171, 189, 290
People’s Daily, 209
People’s Education Press, 209
People’s Literature, 275
Pien Chih-lin, 298–99
P’u-ching, 183
P’u-i, Emperor, 22
Purists, 38, 120
Rangoon, 295
Records of the Grand Historian, 59, 66, 94
Red Guard, 212
Red Pear, The, 153
Revolutionary Alliance, 21
“Rich and Poor” (T’ang Yüeh-hua), 127
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 188–89n
Romance of the Three Kingdoms, 125
“Ruse of an Empty City, The,” 125
Russia, 21, 39
Russia-China Airline, 295
St. John’s University, 80
St. Mary and McTyeire, 192
Salt Commission, 20, 72
schools, see education; specific schools
Scotland, 303
Second Sister Ju-i, 51, 55, 56
Shang Hsiao-yun, 79
Shanghai, 13, 44, 55, 67–68, 70, 77–80, 86, 88, 94, 108, 116, 133–34, 147–50, 153, 189, 191, 210, 214, 228, 230, 262, 275, 290, 294, 312, 314
Chinese City in, 23
courtesans and prostitutes in, 23
crime in, 207
education in, 119–27, 150–51, 156, 169
energy and edginess of, 23–24, 25
French Concession in, 17, 23, 123, 172, 174
Hofei compared with, 19, 25
International Settlement in, 23, 124
moral ambiguities of, 23
Nationalist assault on Communists in, 287
press of (1890–1910), 23–24
in Sino-Japanese War, 167, 172–78, 198
social history of, 23–24
theater in, 147, 153, 156–57, 166, 168
Shanghai Art Academy, 109
Shanghai Opera, 91
Shanghai Student Union, 119
Shanghai University, 121
Shantung province, 3, 41, 47, 87, 287
Shao-hsing, 8
Shen Ch’uan-chih, 294
Shen Hu-ch’u (Hu-hu), 251n, 252, 255, 258, 262–63, 266, 271, 272, 280, 298, 312
Shen Lung-chu (Lung-lung), 214, 252, 255, 258, 261, 265, 272, 280
Shen Ts’ung-wen, 139, 203, 214, 217–82, 293, 295–300, 311, 313
as father, 255–60
love letters of, 217–18, 2
26–27, 239–40, 249–51, 264–65
travel letters of, 235–38, 239–42, 249–51, 275–76, 278–80
on writing, 266–67, 274–78
Shen Yin-mo, 303–7, 312
Shen Yüeh-ch’üan, 156, 165
Shen Yun-liu, 240
Sheng Hsüan-huai, 119
Shen-pao, 86, 125
Shih-hsiu, 44–68, 69–70, 72, 78, 100, 284, 288
Buddhist beliefs and practices of, 50–55
conservative and liberal qualities of, 46–48, 58–59
death and funeral rites of, 66–68
as family mediator, 63–64
widowhood of, 53, 62, 66
Shou-ning Lane, Soochow, 70, 84, 93
Shu-ch’eng county, 12
Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945), 63, 98, 172–76, 242, 252
occupation of China in, 109, 127–28, 172–78, 198
Shanghai in, 167, 172–78, 198 see also Japan
“Slanted Cap” (Nara Singde), 103
Soochow, 13, 26, 55, 69–70, 79–80, 83, 86, 89, 92–93, 100, 108–11, 115–17, 122–26, 129, 131, 133–34, 137, 140, 144, 148, 151, 153, 158–59, 164, 180, 184, 190, 207, 210, 232, 255, 260, 275, 288, 289, 294, 298, 311
Soochow Communist Party, 118
Soochow Gazette, 86
Soochow Sports Meet, 105
Southwest Consolidated University, 253
spirit tablet, 26, 43, 68, 120
Ssu River, 183
Ssu-ma Ch’ien, 66, 115–16, 142
Stone Lotus Pavilion, 279
“Story of Hung-fu, The,” 125
Story of the Stone (Ts’ao Hsüeh-ch’in), 61n, 188, 189, 257, 300
“Stroll in the Garden, A,” 93, 216, 231
Su River, 214
Su-chou (Anhwei province), 20
Sun Yat-sen, 21, 121, 173, 289, 301
Sung dynasty, 119
Sung-chiang, 118, 121
Su-pao, 21, 24
Szechwan province, 60, 95, 96, 97, 112, 198, 214, 252, 275
Ta-ch’ien Mountain, 29
Ta-hsia University, 150–51, 156, 190–91
Tai Chieh, 195–97, 199, 300
Taichung, 181
T’ai-jen, 7–8, 116
Taiping Rebellion, 19–20, 27–33, 42, 56, 87, 89, 92, 198
T’ai-po, 115–16, 128–29
T’ai-ssu, 7–8
Taiwan, 31, 40–41, 97–98, 143, 178–81, 312
T’ang dynasty, 114–15, 154
T’ang Wei-chih, 120
T’ang Yüeh-hua, 128
Tangyang county, 183
t’an-tz’u, 135
T’ao Chu, 142
T’ao Hsi-ch’üan, 166–68
Tao-ming-shih, 54
T’ao-yuan, 235
Ta-tung Cigarette Company, 174
Temple of Supreme Pureness, 199
“Tetrametrical Classic,” 59
Texas A & M, 165
theater, see k’un-ch’ü; Peking Opera
Theater Monthly, 105
“Third Party,” 179
Thirteen Classics, 290
Three Kingdoms period, 205
Three Knights-Errant, The, 225
Three Principles of the People, 289
Tibet, 39
Tientsin, 243, 251, 262
Times, 86
Ting Ling, 263, 270–71
Tokyo, 175
Tolstoy, Leo, 238, 266
Tou Kan-kan (Lao Tou), 75, 76–77, 144–45, 159, 184, 187, 230
transit tax, 20, 97
“Trimetrical Classic,” 59
Ts’ai Wen-chi, 309–10
Ts’ao Hsüeh-ch’in, 61n, 188, 189, 257, 274–75, 300
Ts’ao Ts’ao, 184, 310
Ts’ao Tzu-chien, 274–75
Ts’ao Yü, 127
Ts’ao-hsien, 12
Tseng Kuo-fan, 31, 41–42, 199
Tseng Ts’an, 165
Tsinghua University, 243, 253, 268, 269, 293
Tsingtao, 232, 262, 276, 277, 294
Tso Commentary, 59, 291
Tu Fu, 103, 112–13
Tuan Ch’i-jui, 88, 303
T’ung-ch’eng Public School, 21
T’ung-meng-hui, 21
Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich, 279
Twelve Classics, 105
Tz’u-hsi (empress dowager), 38
United States, 87, 172, 179, 213, 216, 312–13
Valéry, Paul, 298–99
Variegated Brush, 155
Verlaine, Paul, 298–99
Versailles Peace Conference, 87
Vichy French, 174
Vietnam, 37–38, 46–47, 251
Violent Storm Society, 86
“Visitor from Outer Space,” 225
Wan, Miss, 184
Wang Chao-chün, 125
Wang Ching-wei, 119, 173, 175
Wang Kan-kan, 131–32, 137–38, 145
folk remedies of, 132–33
speech characteristics of, 131, 133
Wang Meng-luan, 94, 140
Wang Shih-p’eng, 154–55
Wei Chün-i, 108–12, 144, 150, 191
Wen Ch’ou, 184
Wen I-tuo, 293
Wen T’ien-hsiang, 119
West Hofei Academy, 28, 89
West Hofei county, 53, 68, 109–11
West Hunan, 140, 218–19, 233, 246, 249, 255, 260, 275
Western art, 133–34
“When Flowers Shed Their Petals” (Chang Yun-ho), 192
White Deer Hollow Academy, 88–89
widowhood, conditions of, 62, 63–66
Wild Cherry Blossoms (Kuo Mo-jo), 126
Wild Goose Pavilion, 114–15
women:
in childbirth, 13
in Chou dynasty, 7–8
education of, as commitment of Wu-ling, 90–94, 114–15, 118–19; see also Le-i Middle School
as midwives, 13–14
as nurse-nannies, see nurse-nannies
as wet nurses, 15–16, 17
widowhood of, 12
Women’s Normal School, 303
“Written While Plastered,” 156, 163, 168
Wu, 115
Wu County Daily, 86
Wu Gorge, 112
Wu T’ien-jan, 93
Wuchang, 22
Wuhan, 198, 251
Wuhu, 2–3, 4, 21, 56, 63–64, 97
Wusung, 219
Wu-wei county, 12
Yale University, 313
Yan Liang, 184
Yang Chen-sheng, 233, 243–44, 257, 264
Yang Pa-chieh, 194
Yang Yü-huan (“Jade Bracelet”), 154
Yang-chou, 1–4, 50–51, 71, 81–82, 94, 177
Yangtze River, 2, 3, 26, 28, 49, 57, 60, 89, 148, 167, 199
Yao Nai, 60
Yeats, William Butler, 298
Yellow River, 3
Yen Fu, 90
Yen Hsi-shan, 98
Yen Hui-yü, 165–70, 173–81
Yen Tzu-ling, 136
Yenan, 271
Yin-chou, 24
Yü Ts’ai-yun, 92–93, 152, 165, 216
Yuan Mei, 161
Yuan River, 218, 277
Yuan-ling, 243, 261
Yü-chung, 115, 128–29
Yüeh Fei, 119
Yunnan province, 39–40, 214, 242, 254, 258, 265
SCRIBNER
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Copyright © 2002 by Annping Chin
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Chin, Annping.
Four sisters of Hofei : a history / Annping Chin.
p. cm.
Inc
ludes bibliographical references and index.
1. Women—China—Hefei—Biography
I. Title.
CT3710.C485 2002
920.051'225—dc21
2002073343
ISBN 0-684-87377-X
0-7432-4466-4 (Pbk)
Excerpts from The Book of Songs, translated by Arthur Waley, reprinted with permission of Grove/Atlantic, Inc. Copyright 1937 by Arthur Waley.
Excerpts from Anthology of Chinese Literature: From the Earliest Times to the Fourteenth Century, edited by Cyril Birch, reprinted with permission of Grove/Atlantic, Inc. Copyright 1965 by Grove Press, Inc.
Excerpts from The Selected Poetry of Rainer Maria Rilke by Rainer Maria Rilke, translated by Stephen Mitchell, reprinted with permission of Random House, Inc. Copyright 1982 by Stephen Mitchell.
Excerpts from Peach Blossom Fish by Chang Ch’ung-ho, translated by Hans W. Frankel with Ian Boyden and Edward Morris, reprinted with permission of Crab Quill Press. Copyright 1999 by Hans W. Frankel.
ISBN: 978-1-4391-2587-8 (eBook)
Four Sisters of Hofei : A History (9781439125878) Page 43